Abstract: A CO2 recovery system includes an absorber 2 and a regenerator 3. The absorber 2 includes a CO2 absorbing section 21 and a water-washing section 22. The CO2 absorbing section 21 allows flue gas 101 to come into contact with a basic amine compound absorbent 103 so that the basic amine compound absorbent 103 absorbs CO2 in the flue gas 101. The water-washing section 22 allows the decarbonated flue gas 101A in which the amount of CO2 has been reduced in the CO2 absorbing section 21 to come into contact with circulating wash water 104 and to be washed with the wash water 104 so that the amounts of the basic amine compounds entrained in the decarbonated flue gas 101A are reduced. The regenerator 3 releases CO2 from the basic amine compound absorbent 103 the CO2 absorbed therein.

Abstract: Capturing a target gas includes contacting a gas mixture including a target species with an aqueous solution including a buffer species, and transferring some of the target species from the gas mixture to the aqueous solution. The target species forms a dissolved target species in the aqueous solution, and the aqueous solution is processed to yield a first aqueous stream and a second aqueous stream, where the equilibrium partial pressure of the target species over the second aqueous stream exceeds the equilibrium partial pressure of the target species over the first aqueous stream. At least some of the dissolved target species in the second aqueous stream is converted to the target species, and the target species is liberated from the second aqueous stream. The target species can be collected and/or compressed for subsequent processing or use.

Abstract: A method is provided of regenerating solvents used to remove gaseous contaminants from gaseous mixtures of various compositions with significantly reduced energy required, where one exemplary method includes directing a solution with the solvents and the preferentially absorbed and/or dissolved gaseous contaminants through a filter comprising a membrane having pre-determined diffusion rates so that a substantial portion of the gaseous contaminants pass through the filter, permitting the passage of the gaseous contaminants through the membrane for further processing, and recirculating the separated solvent so that it may be used again to remove new gaseous contaminants. In some cases, it may be desired to permit some of the solvent to pass through the membrane along with the gaseous contaminant.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for removing a condensate from a synthetic gas treatment system. The method includes feeding a first fluid stream into a bottom section of a scrubber chamber defined by a scrubber shell of a scrubber. The first fluid stream includes at least one condensable component. A second fluid stream is fed into a top section of the scrubber chamber, such that the second fluid stream flows in the scrubber chamber in a countercurrent flow direction to the first fluid stream. The second fluid stream contacts the first fluid stream causing the at least one condensable component to form the condensate, such that the condensate and the second fluid stream are collected in the bottom section of the scrubber chamber. The method further includes feeding a third fluid stream into the top section of the scrubbing chamber, such that the third fluid stream contacts the condensate and the second fluid stream and forms an emulsion.

Abstract: A system and process are disclosed for selective removal and recovery of H2S from a gaseous volume, e.g., from natural gas. Anhydrous organic, sorbents chemically capture H2S gas to form hydrosulfide salts. Regeneration of the capture solvent involves addition of an anti-solvent that releases the captured H2S gas from the capture sorbent. The capture sorbent and anti-solvent are reactivated for reuse, e.g., by simple distillation.

Abstract: A method for treating a process gas with a liquid comprises contacting a process gas with a hygroscopic working fluid in order to remove a constituent from the process gas. A system for treating a process gas with a liquid comprises a hygroscopic working fluid comprising a component adapted to absorb or react with a constituent of a process gas, and a liquid-gas contactor for contacting the working fluid and the process gas, wherein the constituent is removed from the process gas within the liquid-gas contactor.

Abstract: A process for the extraction of an unwanted material from a gas or liquid comprising the steps of introducing an extraction liquid into the fluid having an unwanted liquid therein to form a physical microdispersion comprising a plurality of extraction liquid droplets and the fluid, allowing the plurality of extraction liquid droplets to interact with the unwanted component in the fluid, to cause the extraction liquid droplets to be “wetted out” and captured on a porous medium, where the liquid is further contacted by the gas and simultaneously formed into a plurality of coalesceable droplets, coalescing the coalesceable droplets into larger droplets containing the unwanted liquid, and separating the larger droplets containing the unwanted liquid from the fluid.

Abstract: The gaseous effluent to be treated is contacted in C1 with an absorbent solution selected for its property of forming two separable phases when it has absorbed an amount of acid compounds and when it is heated. According to the invention, the absorbent solution is regenerated in at least two stages in regeneration zones Z1 and Z2. At the end of the first regeneration stage in Z1, at least part of the partly regenerated absorbent solution is separated into two fractions in B1: a fraction rich in acid compounds and a fraction depleted in acid compounds. Fraction 10 rich in acid compounds is sent to the second regeneration stage in Z2. The fraction depleted in acid compounds and regenerated absorbent solution 6 from the second regeneration stage are recycled to absorption column C1. The method can be applied to combustion fumes decarbonation and to natural gas or synthesis gas deacidizing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reducing polyhalogenated compounds in incineration plants comprising at least one combustion chamber. The aim of the invention is to provide a more efficient method. To achieve this, SO2 is separated from the flue gas in at least one gas washer and is recirculated to the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method for treating a process gas with a liquid comprises contacting a process gas with a hygroscopic working fluid in order to remove a constituent from the process gas. A system for treating a process gas with a liquid comprises a hygroscopic working fluid comprising a component adapted to absorb or react with a constituent of a process gas, and a liquid-gas contactor for contacting the working fluid and the process gas, wherein the constituent is removed from the process gas within the liquid-gas contactor.

Abstract: A process for partial dehydration of a gas by contact with a solvent that can be regenerated by: a) A stage for absorption of H2O by contact of the gas to be treated and regenerated solvent producing a dehydrated gas effluent and a liquid solvent effluent that is charged with H2O and absorbed gas, b) A stage for cooling the solvent charged with H2O at ambient temperature, c) A stage for separation by segregation during which liquid H2O and the solvent are separated at ambient temperature, d) A stage in which the regenerated solvent that is obtained at the end of stage c) is heated, e) A stage in which the regenerated and heated solvent that is obtained at the end of stage d) is recycled to the absorption stage a).

Abstract: A method of drying liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons by contacting a feed stream of the hydrocarbon with an aqueous solution of a salt drying agent prior to passing the stream through a salt dryer to remove part of the water in the stream. The aqueous solution of the salt drying agent is generated in the salt dryer when the partly dried stream comes into contact with the drying salt and forms the solution. The solution is circulated in a loop from the salt dryer to the incoming feed and then through a liquid/liquid coalescer which removes a portion of the water together with dissolved salt from the mixture before the mixture is passed on to the salt dryer where further removal of water occurs. The salt dryer is off-loaded by a substantial factor by the initial partial dehydration and does not require to remove such a large amount of water; the salt consumption is therefore reduced in proportion to the amount of water removed in the treatment steps which precede the dryer.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus for capturing CO2 using a solvent are provided. A gas that includes carbon dioxide may be mixed with a solvent that is operable to absorb at least a portion of the carbon dioxide from the gas. The solvent containing the carbon dioxide may be provided to at least one removal system operable to remove at least a portion of the liquid contained in the solvent. The solvent output by the removal system may be stripped to extract at least a portion of the carbon dioxide from the solvent.

Abstract: A system and method for recovering a solvent from a decarbonated flue gas in an absorption column, the decarbonated flue gas having had carbon dioxide absorbed and removed by vapor-liquid contact with a carbon dioxide absorbing solution containing the solvent. The system includes an emission control section configured to bring a water stream substantially free of the solvent into contact with the decarbonated flue gas to recover the solvent from the decarbonated flue gas and to form a solvent containing wash water and a reduced solvent containing flue gas and a flue gas cooling section configured to bring cooled wash water into contact with the reduced solvent containing flue gas to cool the reduced solvent containing flue gas and condense water from the decarbonated flue gas thereby forming a cooled flue gas and used wash water.

Abstract: A process for scrubbing ammonia in a CO2 removal process having the steps of absorbing (204) at least some CO2 from a gas stream (202) with an ammonium carbonate solution or a mixed alkali solution, resulting in a release of >ammonia; regenerating (210) ammonium.carbonate or mixed alkali solution to produce a concentrated CO2 stream; capturing ammonia with an ammonia capture mass transfer apparatus (214). with a concentrated urea ammonium nitrate solution; adjusting the pH of the urea ammonium nitrate solution to between 4 ? and 6 with nitric acid; and adding urea to the urea ammonium nitrate solution, thereby producing a urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizer product ready for commercial distribution.

Abstract: A method for removing Hg (mercury) from waste gases is disclosed, the removing of the mercury (Hg) gas (vapors) is by contacting the waste gas with a scrubbing agent being organic sulfoxides either in pure form or as with an emulsion of water-in-organic sulfoxides. The waste gas can be any waste gas containing mercury gases or mercury vapors, such as combustion flue gas and waste gases generated in various chemical and industrial processes.

Abstract: Stack gases of a burner, such as a power plant or other combustion source, may be remediated by a captive algae farm cycling some portion of the stack gases through a scrubber, and ultimately out into a manifold feeding a farm composed of tubes hosting the growth of algae. Liquids from the scrubber, including water capturing volatile organic compounds, solid particulates, nitrogen compounds, sulfur compounds, carbon dioxide, and the like, remediate the water and feed the algae farm. Meanwhile, the vapors and other gases provide an environment rich in water vapor, nitrogen compounds acting as fertilizer, and carbon dioxide to feed the algae to promote increased rates of growth. The algae may be recycled as a fuel itself, or may be harvested for use as a soil amendment to enrich the organic content of soils.

Abstract: A process for cooling down a hot flue gas stream comprising water vapour and carbon dioxide, the process including: (a) heat exchange between the hot flue gas stream and a cooling water stream so that the hot flue gas stream is cooled to a cooled down gas stream at a temperature at which at least part of the water vapour therein has condensed and the cooling water stream increases in temperature; (b) combining the condensed water vapour and the cooling water stream to produce a combined water stream; (c) separation of the cooled down gas stream from the combined water stream; (d) cooling the combined water stream by contact with air from the atmosphere and by evaporation of a portion of the combined water stream; (e) using at least part of any non-evaporated and cooled water of the combined water stream as at least part of the cooling water stream for cooling the hot flue gas stream in step (a); and (f) storing any non-evaporated and cooled water of the combined water stream that is not used in step (e) and u

Abstract: The invention provides a process and an apparatus for scrubbing vapours generated during the vacuum stripping step of fatty glycerides, said process comprising bringing said vapours in contact with their liquid condensate and extracting said liquid condensate with a polar extraction solvent or solvent mixture.

Abstract: Gases containing smoke, pollutants and volatile organic compounds (VOC's) and a mixing liquid are blended in a swirling vortex into a liquid/gas mixture. Motive air and biological and/or chemical degradation material are introduced through a plurality of spiral jet fluid mixers into the liquid/gas mixture to create a turbulent fluid flow pattern to cause aeration of the liquid/gas mixture, reduce its chemical oxygen demand (COD), and entrain the biological and/or chemical degradation material in the mixture. The biological and/or chemical degradation material significantly reduces or eliminates the pollutants and volatile organic compounds (VOC's) in the aerated liquid/gas mixture to produce a non-volatile liquid, which flows into a reservoir, holding pond or vegetated pond. A portion of the aerated non-volatile liquid may be conducted to a pond containing vegetative growth to complete carbon dioxide conversion via photosynthesis, and vegetative growth from the pond may be harvested.

Abstract: A scrubbing system for removing particulate from an air stream generated during a glass-wool insulation forming process includes a first separator system for removing at least a first portion of the particulate from the air stream, a second separator system, in the form of a single cloud generating vessel, for removing another portion of the particulate, and a third separator system for removing both moisture and a further portion of the particulate. The first separator system is designed to effectively provide a high residence or pre-treatment time for the air stream that enables fine particles to grow into larger particles which are easier to trap and collect, while also allowing the air stream ample time to cool to saturation temperatures. The first and third separator systems combine with the single cloud generating vessel to synergistically enhance the overall efficacy and efficiency of the scrubbing system.

Abstract: A buoyant component separator is disclosed for removing at least some floating contaminants from fluids. The component separator may be used with a marine engine exhaust system to reduce particulate matter and unburned fuel contained in liquid coolant before it is jettisoned overboard and pollutes the surrounding body of water. In one embodiment, the separator includes a first part for receiving a mixture of liquid and buoyant components and a second part joined by a communication passage, where the liquid flows through the communication passage to the second part and the buoyant components substantially accumulate in the first part. A method of separating a liquid from buoyant components is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a plant for processing a gas by means of a glycol solution wherein a feed comprising a gas, a glycol, water and salts is subjected to a first stage (5) of separating the gas from a liquid effluent and said liquid effluent is subjected to a dehydration stage (14) to recover a dehydrated liquid effluent, characterized in that the salts contained in the liquid effluent, dehydrated or not, are eliminated in a membrane separation stage (10) by means of a driving force generated by mechanical pressure difference on either side of a membrane of pore size ranging between 5 and 100 Angstrom. The invention also relates to the use of the method and of the plant for regeneration of a liquid compound of the glycol family used for hydrate formation prevention when using a natural gas.

Abstract: A method for removing acidic gases from waste gases is disclosed. The invention relates to a method for removing acid gases, in particular from SO2 and NOx, by contacting the waste gas with an emulsion of water in organic sulfoxides, in particular of water in oil-derived-sulfoxides. The organic sulfoxide phase can be regenerated after the emulsion is loaded with polluants, by letting the emulsion to settle down and separate into two phases. The aqueous phase obtained after the separation contains sulfate and nitrate ions which can be collected and used as valuable chemicals.

Abstract: A process and corresponding apparatus for dehydrating gas, especially natural gas. The process includes an absorption step and a membrane pervaporation step to regenerate the liquid sorbent.

Abstract: A process and a device for separating ethane and ethylene from a hydrocarbon steam-cracking effluent is described. Effluent (1) is absorbed in an absorption column (7) by a cooled solvent (9). At the bottom of the column, liquid phase (12) that contains the solvent and the C2+ hydrocarbons is recovered and hydrogenated (15). The hydrogenation effluent that contains the solvent is introduced into a first distillation column (70) where the solvent is regenerated. The solvent is cooled and recycled at the top of absorption column (7). The C2+ hydrocarbons are collected at the top, and a condensed liquid phase is distilled in a second distillation column (77) to recover a C2 fraction that consists of ethane and ethylene.

Abstract: A process for separating ethane and ethylene from a hydrocarbon steam-cracking effluent is described. Effluent (1) is absorbed in an absorption column by a cooled solvent (9). At the bottom of the column, the liquid phase that contains the solvent and the C2+ hydrocarbons is recovered and hydrogenated (15). The hydrogenation effluent that contains the solvent is introduced into a first distillation column (16). Ethane-ethylene mixture (17) is drawn off laterally from the column, and a phase (19) that contains the solvent and hydrocarbons with at least 3 carbon atoms is drawn off at the bottom of the column. This phase (19) is separated in a second distillation column (22), and C3+ hydrocarbons and, at the bottom of the column, regenerated solvent (26) that is cooled and that is recycled (9, 52) in the absorption column are collected.

Abstract: A system and method for treating process gas streams containing isopropyl alcohol (IPA) to reduce the concentration of IPA therein. The invented system includes a scrubber unit that receives a process stream containing a concentration of IPA and reduces the concentration of IPA therein to below a determined threshold. The scrubber includes a reverse osmosis assembly that significantly reduces water consumption for the scrubbing process as compared to conventional once-through systems. The system may be operated at an elevated pH to prevent biofouling from inhibiting the operation of the reverse osmosis assembly. The system may contain a softening step on the make up water system to prevent scaling in the reverse osmosis system and a softening step on a sidestream of the scrubber water recirculation loop to reduce scrubber tower salting/scaling and to control the pH of the scrubbing liquid.

Abstract: A process of separating water from ambient air involves a liquid desiccant to first withdraw water from air and treatment of the liquid desiccant to produce water and regenerated desiccant. Water lean air is released to the atmosphere. Heat generated in the process is recycled. The drying capacity, or volume of water produced, of the system for a given energy input is favored over the production of dried air.

Abstract: Disclosed is a contaminated waste steam heat recovery apparatus 10 and method therefore which includes a primary condensing unit 38, a low pressure water washing unit 26, a liquid to liquid heat exchanger 36 and a vent fan 31. Waste gas is ducted from fryer 11 to a de-super-heating chamber 14 wherein superheated steam is converted to saturated steam by spraying water into the steam using spray nozzles 15. The gas is then introduced into a vertically disposed air to liquid heat exchanger 16 and is drafted downward therethrough. As heat is removed from the waste gas, water vapor in the steam condenses and in the process, collects some of the oil and hydrocarbons present. A plurality of condensate trays 19 are disposed below the bottom end of heat exchanger 16 in a cascading fashion to collect hold the condensate in the airflow path such that it will absorb some of the heat still present in the remaining waste gas.

Abstract: A process for the selective removal and recovery of sulfur dioxide from effluent gases is disclosed. The sulfur dioxide is recovered in a sulfur dioxide absorption/desorption cycle which utilizes a liquid solvent to selectively absorb sulfur dioxide from the effluent gas. The liquid solvent includes an organic phosphorous compound selected from phosphate triesters, phosphonate diesters, phosphinate monoesters and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the liquid solvent includes phosphonate diesters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently aryl or C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl. The organic phosphonate diesters are substantially water immiscible, the solubility of water in the organic phosphonate diester being less than about 10 weight percent at 25.degree. C., and have a vapor pressure less than about 1 Pa at 50.degree. C. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the liquid solvent include dibutyl butyl phosphonate.

Abstract: Process for denaturating water-dilutable paints and solvent-based paints, wherein said paints are treated by washing with the assistance of an aqueous denaturation phase whose pH is from 4.5 to 7 and preferably from 5 to 6 and which contains an effective quantity of at least one denaturation agent consisting of an amine molecule of formula ##STR1## or of formula: ##STR2## in which the substituents R.sub.1 to R.sub.7, which may be identical or different, represent:a hydrogen atom,a radical of formula --O--Re in which Re is chosen from the group comprising hydrogen and a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, it being understood that the substituents R.sub.5 to R.sub.7 are not simultaneously all hydrogen atoms,or of a hydrate or else of a salt of an organic or inorganic acid salt of said amine molecule, preferably a salt of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or hydrochloric acid.