Abstract: There is provided a device for diverting liquid from a pipeline, and particularly for use with multi-phase flows where separation of liquid from gas is required. The device comprises a first conduit (50), a second conduit (52) connected across at least part of the first conduit, and means (80) for controlling flow of liquid from the first conduit through the second conduit by use of hydrostatic pressure. The first conduit is provided with an inlet (56) at substantially right angles to the first conduit. The second conduit further comprises an annulus (58) extending inwards from an inner wall of the first conduit and a lip (60) extending upwards from an inner circumference of the annulus. A number of embodiments of the device are described. The device is also suitable for fitting to flow meters to extend their range of operation.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for wet-cleaning crude gas streams, the method involving a flow of the crude gas stream without a pressure drop or with a low pressure drop up to 30 mbar, preferably up to 20 mbar, flowing through one or more parallel venturi throats which is/are sprayed with a scrubbing liquid via one or more periodically pulsating hybrid nozzles.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for filtering gas comprising a microporous or microfibrous adsorbent filter (6) and means for forcing an air flow between an exhaust hood (2) and outlet duct (3) for the filtered air. The invention is characterized in that it comprises liquid spraying means (18) and centrifuging means arranged between the spray means and the filtered gas outlet. The particles wetted by the sprayer are blocked by the internal rotary filter and discharged with the carrier liquid towards an external container (10).

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the condensation of fumes or gases from a tank containing a liquid. The method comprises leading the liquid into a venturi to create a low pressure at the venturi. Ports are provided in the venturi at the area with low pressure and gas/vapour is lead to the ports in the venturi in the area with low pressure in such a way that the liquid entrains the gas/vapour and forms a fluid, such that the velocity is reduced and the pressure increased to condensate the gas/vapour. The fluid is then led from the chamber to a lower part of the tank for further condensation due to the hydrostatic pressure. An apparatus, a system and a use are also described.

Abstract: A mass transfer machine removes dissolved gases or volatile organic compounds from air or a liquid. The mass transfer machine includes a vessel capable of containing a liquid and having a liquid inlet and an air inlet at a near end. It further includes a liquid outlet at a far end. Two or more baffles are located transversely inside of the vessel. The baffle located nearest to the far end of the vessel has a window. Two or more diffusers are located near a bottom surface of the vessel. The diffusers are in communication with the air inlet and have two or more orifices through a wall. An adjustable plate is releasably mounted over the window of the baffle located closest to the far end of the vessel. The plate is adjustable in a vertical direction. In one embodiment, an air source supplies air to the air inlet located on the near end of the vessel. In another embodiment, an air source is connected to the an air exit located on the far side of the vessel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing air from blood which contains air. The air-containing blood is conducted through a cyclone device as a rotating cyclone stream, so that centrifugal forces for the separation of the air from the blood are produced in the rotating cyclone stream.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for purifying contaminated air using mixed liquid are disclosed. The invention includes an air inlet structure for taking in contaminated air, an air purifying compartment connected to the air inlet structure at one end for purifying contaminated air, and an air outlet structure connected to the air purifying compartment at another end for discharging purified air to the outside. The invention uses mixed liquid in its air purifying method. The invention includes a method that uses centrifugal force to form a mixed liquid filter, a method that takes in contaminated air, a method that purifies the contaminated air, and a method that discharges purified air to the outside. The invention can achieve a high degree of economic efficiency and a high degree of purification efficiency.

Abstract: A venturi scrubber for cleansing a contaminated gas flow is disclosed. An optimized spray of liquid droplets are injected into the gas flow from one or more nozzles positioned within the throat of each venturi element. The spray is injected counter to the direction of gas flow to increase interactions between contaminant particles and spray droplets. Preferably, hydraulic nozzles are used which emit a hollow cone spray. The spray droplets are preferably in the range of 40-200 microns mean mass diameter (MMD).

Abstract: For purifying dust-containing air, particularly in underground mining and tunnel construction, a dust separator 1 in the form of a rotary washer 1 is proposed. The drive 5 of said rotary washer 1 is equipped with a gear unit 10 in order to enable long-term operation with a straight characteristic. Furthermore, disposed downstream of the fan impeller 6 is a special separating element 11 in the form of a demister 20, which is disposed so as to be suspended approximately horizontally in the air stream. Clogging of the demister 20 is therefore effectively prevented and so uniform and reliable operation is guaranteed. The demister 20 together with its associated jetwashing device 22 may be swivelled by a positioning motor 23 into an, in each case, optimum position.

Abstract: The use of a turbulent contactor to absorb a selected gas component from a gas stream. The invention particularly applies to a method of removing selected gas components from a gas stream which includes: bringing the gas stream into contact with a liquid including a solvent or a reagent for the selected gas component in a turbulent contactor, the contactor including a gas inlet, a liquid inlet, an outlet leading to a venturi passage and a tube extending from the outlet back upstream, the tube being perforated and/or being spaced from the periphery of the outlet; subjecting the gas stream and liquid to turbulent conditions in the contactor thereby causing the gas component to be absorbed by the solvent or reagent.

Abstract: A method for removing acid gas components from combustion gas and natural gas. The method includes bringing the gas mixture into contact with sea water and subjecting the gas mixture and sea water to turbulent mixing conditions. This causes the acid gas to be absorbed by the sea water. The sea water can be disposed of offshore without any detrimental effect on the environment.

Abstract: A method for removing acid gas components from combustion gas and natural gas. The method includes bringing the gas mixture into contact with sea water and subjecting the gas mixture and sea water to turbulent mixing conditions. This causes the acid gas to be absorbed by the sea water. The sea water can be disposed of offshore without any detrimental effect on the environment.

Abstract: A scrubber more effectively mixes air or gas with water or a liquid cleaning agent to entrain and thereby clean contaminants from an airflow. An improved baffle-defining structure forces a more complete interaction between the air and water and buffets the mixture into an air/water mixing zone while preventing the water from collecting on an inner surface of the water scrubber and draining down out of the airflow path. A cyclonic, centrifugal dewatering apparatus removes the mist and residual contaminants after the water scrubbing removes most of the contaminants from the air.

Abstract: A transpirated wall aerosol collection system includes a collector operable to receive a gas flow containing particulate matter. The system also includes a porous wall having a first surface and a second surface. The porous wall is operable to transpire a liquid from the first surface to the second surface. Particulate matter contained in the gas flow is deposited in the liquid on the second surface of the porous wall. A virtual impactor may be used with the system for concentrating the particulate matter contained in the gas flow.

Abstract: An improved process and system for collecting and handling dust in a papermaking machine environment wherein dust-laden air is drawn into and moves along an elongated collector by way of a vacuum-generating source connected to the collector involves the introduction of water into the collector so that the introduced water becomes entrained by the dust-laden air moving through the collector and wet-scrubs the dust-laden air upon entering the collector. With the dust being wet-scrubbed upon exiting the collector, the likelihood of ductwork fouling is substantially eliminated, and the risk of fire in the ductwork downstream of the collector is appreciably reduced.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for oxygenating a liquid. The apparatus includes a liquid pump fluidly connected to an injector having a liquid inlet forming a nozzle, a liquid outlet and an oxygen inlet therebetween, the injector arranged such that the injector liquid inlet is above the injector liquid outlet, and a downwardly opening first diffuser portion connected to the injector outlet. The first diffuser portion is serially connected to a second diffuser portion located below the first diffuser portion. Liquid being pumped by the pump is conducted downwardly through the injector and the first diffuser portion to the second diffuser portion.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides (SO.sub.x) are scrubbed from combustion effluents with greater system reliability when an improved mist eliminator of the invention is employed. The mist eliminator has at least one section, preferably two sections, with two passes followed by an extended trailing edge. This design is shown in tests to be as effective as four pass designs, while being easier to clean. Encrustation and plugging are greatly reduced.

Abstract: Gas is compressed in a liquid jet compressor to high pressures, e.g. at least 7 atm, by using liquid injected under high pressure, e.g. at least 16 atm, to obtain a high velocity liquid injection into the compressor, which aspirates the gas to be compressed into the compressor.

Abstract: A method for collecting airborne particles and microorganisms by injecting them into a swirling air flow from where they are removed onto a dry surface, a surface coated with an adhesive material or a surface wetted by a liquid that is swirled onto that surface from a liquid reservoir below. The swirling air motion and the aerosol injection into it are achieved by pushing or drawing the airborne particles and microorganisms through one or more nozzles that are directed at an angle towards the collection surface.

Abstract: Method and Apparatus for Percolating Vacuum Cleaning wherein driven by vacuum incoming to the apparatus mixture of air and other substances is directed under the top surface of a liquid, where heavier than air particles remain, but cleaned air particles percolate up to the sucking entrance of the vacuum initiator and then are exhausted from the apparatus.

Abstract: A spray tower includes inner and outer tubes arranged coaxial with each other on a common vertical axis. At the lower end of the inner tube is provided a guide cylinder group composed of a plurality of guide cylinders which are arranged coaxially with each other on a common vertical axis. A guide vane is provided under the guide cylinder group. The guide vane is in a shape of inverted truncated cone whose diameter is reduced in a downward direction. Accordingly, gas flowing downward between the inner and outer tubes is uniformly divided under the guide cylinder group by means of the guide vane so that the divided gases flows upward uniformly inside the respective cylinders. A plurality of vertical rectifying plates may be provided to the guide cylinder group so as to extend radially from the vertical axis of the guide cylinder group for reducing pressure loss.

Abstract: An improved packing system and method are disclosed wherein a packing section includes a liquid distributor and a separator placed above the distributor so that gas rising through the liquid distributor contacts liquid in the distributor, forming a gas-liquid combination which rises in co-current flow to the separator. Liquid is collected in the separator, from which gas rises.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides (SO.sub.x) are scrubbed from combustion effluents with aqueous limestone slurries with greater efficiency due to the use of an improved entrainment separator. In the preferred embodiment of a single-loop, counter-current limestone wet scrubber operating at bulk gas flow rates of greater than 4.5 meters per second, a vertical stream of flue gas is freed of a substantial portion of slurry droplets and diverted for effective mist removal by a well-drained, horizontal-flow mist eliminator. The entrainment separator is a single-pass device with individual blades aligned for effective operation with reduced droplet impingement on the upper walls (e.g., roof) of the scrubber and to permit periodic washing.

Abstract: Exhaust gas is brought into contact with a washing liquid chiefly consisting of water in at least two washing stages. In the last washing stage, fresh water and/or a washing liquid containing fresh water is sprayed into the exhaust gas. In the penultimate washing stage, the exhaust gas is brought in contact with a circulating aqueous salt solution, which contains substances supplied by the exhaust gas. In the penultimate washing stage, the exhaust gas is passed through a washing zone at temperatures in the range from 30.degree. to 150.degree. C., where the quantity of aqueous salt solution passed into the washing zone per Nm.sup.3 exhaust gas flowing through the washing zone is 0.1 to 10 liters. The exhaust gas coming from the penultimate washing zone has a temperature in the range from 30.degree. to 80.degree. C., is saturated with steam for 90 to 100%, and does not contain more than 50% by weight of the dust content of the exhaust gas before the same enters the penultimate washing stage.

Abstract: An air scrubber and method for cleaning a stream of air utilizes a horizontal tray (A) together with a passageway (B) for transporting air beneath the trays and directing same upwardly through a perforated bottom of the tray which is supplied with a predetermined level of water which flows over a weir from a suitable source (C) wherein the upwardly directed air agitates the water resulting in a scrubbing action which is then followed by the action of an eliminator section (D) which removes water remaining in the air stream after agitation and scrubbing.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides (SO.sub.x) are scrubbed from combustion effluents with aqueous limestone slurries with greater efficiency due to the use of an improved entrainment separator. In the preferred embodiment of a single-loop, counter-current limestone wet scrubber operating at bulk gas flow rates of greater than 4.5 meters per second, a vertical stream of flue gas is freed of a substantial portion of slurry droplets and diverted for effective mist removal by a well-drained, horizontal-flow mist eliminator. The entrainment separator is a single-pass device with individual blades aligned for effective operation with reduced droplet impingement on the upper walls (e.g., roof) of the scrubber and to permit periodic washing.

Abstract: A smoke stack, which discharges contaminated gases, is provided with a plenum chamber, at its end, formed of one or more stacked modules. Each module includes a hollow cylindrical housing, from which protrudes, in various radial directions, a plurality of ducts, each being provided with a nozzle at its end. The nozzle has a central passageway through which a portion of the gases pass and is discharged into the atmosphere, and a second passageway which directs the air around the discharging gases for imparting a swirling action to the commingled gases. An ultra low volume of treatment fluid, usually a liquid chemical, is progressively discharged into the central passageway so that fog is generated as the gases and liquid emerge. Relief valves for the gas discharge into this fog. An accumulator tank at the top of a chamber or a metering pump supplies the liquid.

Abstract: The present invention is a gas scrubbing system for removing hydrogen sulfide gas from a wastewater system. Pumps draw wastewater from a wastewater source within the system for injection through aerators which aerats aspirate hydrogen sulfide gas and oxygen from the wastewater source. The aerators mix the wastewater with the hydrogen sulfide gas and oxygen which is returned to the system as oxygenated wastewater containing elemental sulfur. The water and sulphur are then delivered to the treatment plant for final treatment.

Abstract: A liquid mist for being conveyed by a carrier gas stream is produced from a liquid by atomizing the liquid into the carrier gas stream in the form of a collection of droplets, deflecting the collection of droplets in the carrier gas stream at a deflection region, separating droplets in the collection of droplets which exceed a maximum size from the carrier gas stream, collecting at least a part of the separated droplets on at least one heatable contact surface, and at least partially vaporizing them into the carrier gas stream.

Abstract: In a process for contacting gas and liquid, gas and liquid are simultaneously passed through a layer of irregularly shaped pieces of foamed plastic material having diameters in a range between 1 mm and 50 mm. Since the gas and the liquid are passed through a contact region filled with particles of foamed plastic material, persistence of fine bubbles is increased due to the generation of flow turbulence preferably combined with high pressure. Further, the foamed plastic particles have a low specific weight and is highly durable, it can be used for an extended period of time without losing its processing capability.