Abstract: An exhaust system that includes a catalytic converter, selective catalytic reduction system, a muffler and, for certain applications, a diesel particulate filter that each include at least one filter that has an electric heating element, a metallic coating and a plurality of metal rods extending therethrough. The combination of elements are configured to heat the internal housings of the exhaust system and disrupt the direction of flow of exhaust gases which contain harmful toxic gases and pollutants and aid in removing and/or reducing said toxic gases and pollutants.

Abstract: A photo-sodification modeling apparatus is provided. The apparatus comprises: a container, a holding plate, a lifting mechanism, a light source module, and a control unit. The container provides an accommodation space for accommodating a light-curable material, and includes: a base plate and a wall structure. The base plate is transparent or translucent. The wall structure is disposed around the base plate. The lifting mechanism is used for moving the holding plate. The light source module is disposed under the container. During formation of a solidified layer of a three-dimensional object, the base plate provides an electric or magnetic field so that the light-curable material in the container will not solidify on a surface of the base plate, thus resulting in the solidified layer having a reduced viscosity when the solidified layer is closer to the surface of the base plate.

Abstract: A system for hydrogen gas enhancement of hydrocarbon fuel combustion employs a closed electrolyzer vessel into which water is circulated, and an electrode plate assembly immersed in the vessel to dissociate water into hydrogen and oxygen gases. Only water is used as the electrolyte fluid without any additives. An air injector in the water return line injects air bubbling for enhanced dissociation of water in the electrode plate assembly. The electrode plate assembly is formed by one or more unit stacks of 7-plates each, including two outer cathode plates, a middle anode plate, and two spaced inner plates between each cathode plate and the anode plate. The generated hydrogen and oxygen gases are maintained in a stable condition in the output gas flow by an electromagnetic coil assembly that separates the hydrogen gas from oxygen gas. The system can obtain 180% reduction in hydrocarbon fuel usage in a vehicle engine, and 20 times reduction in carbon emission from vehicle exhaust.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to apparatuses and methods for pollution abatement. One embodiment provide methods of eliminating pollutants from an incoming optionally high temperature gaseous effluent stream, each method comprising directing the gaseous effluent stream sequentially through: (a) a sufficient volume of an aqueous liquid in a thermal shock vessel, such that the temperature of the gaseous effluent stream exiting the volume of liquid is in a range of about 5° C. to about 30° C., said liquid acting as filter to remove water, particles, soluble organic species, or a combination thereof from the gaseous stream; and one or more of: (b) an electronic bombardment module wherein the gaseous stream is ionized, forms molecular agglomerates, or both; (c) a magnetic rearrangement module, operating with a magnetic field in a range of about 0.

Abstract: Systems and a method for removing carbon nanotubes from a continuous reactor effluent are provided herein. The method includes flowing the continuous reactor effluent through a separation vessel, separating carbon nanotubes from the continuous reactor effluent in the separation vessel, and generating a stream including gaseous components from the continuous reactor effluent.

Abstract: Energy consumption of the society is increasing due to expanding economic activity and increasing population. As greater consumption of energy generates more air pollution, there is an ongoing need to find better methods of reducing pollutants in terms of effectiveness and reduced energy consumption. The solution proposed in this disclosure takes advantage of electrical characteristics such as electron affinity and dipole moment. There are many pollutants which exhibit positive electron affinity. Such a pollutant can be easily converted to a negative ion by providing an extra electron. Many of the pollutants have dipolar charge distributions which facilitate electrical interactions with charges. If one of the pollutants becomes charged, it can attract other pollutants which are dipoles to form clusters of pollutants. Furthermore, charged clusters are responsive to electric and magnetic fields. For example, they can be separated from the rest of the flue gas by manipulating with such fields.

Abstract: A mist/dust collector includes a tank body, a recovery tank having a demister member, a spraying unit spraying water or coolant fluid from a nozzle, an impeller mounted on a main shaft located in the tank body, so as to be rotatable by air flow, a disc rotary brush and a shaking-off member mounted on the shaft. A suction unit is actuated to draw air containing mist and dust into the tank body interior maintained in a negative pressure state. The impeller is rotated by collision of water or coolant fluid at a predetermined pressure, and the rotary brush and the shaking-off member are rotated simultaneously with the impeller, so that mist and dust are separated from air by a centrifugal action of the rotary brush and the shaking-off member. Mist and dust remaining in the air flowing into the recovery tank are collected by the demister member.

Abstract: Various methods and systems are provided for separating particles within a gas flow traveling through a gas flow passage of an engine. In one embodiment, a particle separator includes a plurality of vanes positioned across a gas flow passage through which gas flow passes, the plurality of vanes angled with respect to a flow direction of the gas flow, and a particle trap for collecting separated particles, the particle trap disposed in the gas flow passage.

Abstract: A gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) system includes a multi-capillary GC column coupled to a mass analyzer through an ionization interface. The ionization interface includes an ionization device and an ion guide configured for receiving a high-capacity gas-sample flow from the GC column and transmitting a compressed ion beam to the mass analyzer. The ion beam may be converging.

Abstract: A method for the isotopic separation of at least two different isotopes of a body in gaseous form by: (a) converting into the form of a gas (SF6, UF6 or MoF6) the body of interest containing the sought isotope; (b) creating a flow of said gas at supersonic speed, of the laminar or slightly turbulent type; (c) exciting the molecules by laser; (d) inhibiting, by means of a laser, the nucleation of one of the isotopologues, thus forming less massive aggregates of said isotopologue than the aggregates formed by the molecules of the other isotopologue; (e) ionising the molecules and aggregates of said gas; (f) submitting the ionised molecules and aggregates of molecules to an electromagnetic field to make the ionised molecules and aggregates of one of the isotopologues migrate towards the outside of the flow; and (g) retrieving the part of the gas flow with the highest concentration in the sought isotope.

Abstract: Separation systems can utilize a combination of forces to separate constituent components of a working fluid from each other. Some separation systems utilize one or more of centrifugal and gravitational forces in the purification of hydrogen gas. Some separation systems can utilize one or more of electromotive and magnetic forces in the purification of hydrogen gas.

Abstract: A system and process are provided for extracting a substance from a molecular combination. The process comprises heating the molecular combination to dissociate the molecular combination into cations and anions, moving the cations and anions through a magnetic field to separate cations and anions, and isolating cations from anions with a barrier. The system comprises a non-conductive conduit for guiding an ionized particle stream, a magnetic field source for creating a magnetic field through which the ionized particle stream moves, and a barrier located in the conduit. The ionized particle stream has a velocity relative to the conduit, and the magnetic field source is oriented relative to the velocity of the ionized particle stream so that cations are separated from anions as the ionized particle stream moves through the magnetic field. The barrier is oriented in the conduit so that cations are isolated from anions after separation.

Abstract: Methods and/or systems using magnetically assisted pressurization of a gas for the generation of useful power from heat transfer using heat sources at lower temperatures in a manner that does not require the emission of CO2.

Abstract: A filter vessel for removing metal particles from exhaust, comprising a casing defining an internal chamber adapted to receive a flow of gas travelling along a flow direction; an electrostatic grid disposed in the internal chamber in intersecting relation to the flow direction, the electrostatic grid adapted to electrostatically charge metal particles in the flow of gas; a first electromagnet disposed on the casing in a downstream location along the flow direction relative to the electrostatic grid, the first electromagnet adapted to attract the electrostatically charged metal particles; a second electromagnet disposed on the casing in a downstream location along the flow direction relative to the first electromagnet, the second electromagnet adapted to attract the electrostatically charged metal particles; a controller configured to control the energization of the first and second electromagnets; and a metal particle collector for collecting electrostatically charged metal particles attracted by the first an

Abstract: Dynamic filtration systems and associated methods are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, for example, a filtration system can include a filter device having a body portion positioned between first and second end portions and a filter media in a cavity defined by the body portion. The filter media can be configured to filter a predetermined substance from a ferrofluid. The filter device can further include a coil at the body portion, a first magnetic plate proximate the first end portion and a second magnetic plate proximate the second end portion. The coil can generate a first magnetic field across the body portion, and the first and second magnetic plates interact to form a second magnetic field across the body portion. The first and second magnetic fields can be configured to drive filtration of the ferrofluid.

Abstract: A filter for filtering macro-particles from a plasma beam, having a bended duct for carriage of the plasma beam, the bended duct comprising an intermediate portion connected at one end to an inlet portion having a longitudinal axis disposed on an inlet plane and at another opposite end to an outlet portion having a longitudinal axis disposed on an outlet plane. The inlet portion allows the plasma beam containing macro-particles to travel toward the intermediate portion in an incident direction and the outlet portion allows the plasma beam to travel from the intermediate portion in an emergent direction. The intermediate portion is configured to deviate the incident direction to the emergent direction at an angle of more than 90° and thereby remove macro-particles from the plasma beam as it passes through the intermediate portion. The inlet plane and outlet plane are disposed at an offset angle from each other.

Abstract: A method for separation of isotopes includes vaporizing a sample having two or more isotopes of the same element. A stream of atoms is generated from the vaporized sample. One or more light waves are applied to the stream. The one or more light waves are tuned to convert one or more specific isotopes in the flowing stream to a set of one or more magnetic states. A magnetic field is applied to the stream, deflecting atoms in the stream based on their magnetic states. Isotopes are collected based on their deflections (or lack of deflection).

Abstract: A solid absorbent for absorption of CO2 from flue gas, comprising: a) particles made of a cross bounded, highly porous polymer substrate, and b) CO2 absorbing functional nucleophilic groups grafted on the particle surface, is described. A method for CO2 sequestration using the absorbent is also described.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a system and methods for the recovery of isotopes. In at least one exemplary method of the present disclosure at least one gas comprising a plurality of isotopes is provided. An electric field is generated in a radial direction to at least partially ionize the gas. A magnetic field is generated in an axial direction perpendicular to the radial direction and at least one isotope is recovered from the gas.

Abstract: A process and an installation for increasing the burning energy of a natural fuel gas upon burning the same for domestic or industrial purposes. The process includes the step of supplying the natural gas into a treatment chamber confined by a cylindrical-shaped wall made up of a diamagnetic material, in front of which electromagnetic units are placed in a spiral shape to create a rotating magnetic field which acts on the gas with only one polarity. The installation has a reactor equipped with electromagnetic units and with a heat circuit, with an oil tank, where a number of electric resistors are placed in order to heat the oil, a pump, an oil cooler and a circuit for the transport of oil from the tank to the electromagnetic units of the reactor, an electric panel, and conduits for the transport of the natural gas.

Abstract: A disk brake pad (11) comprising a supporting base (13) with which a layer (15) of friction material is associated, characterized in that a wall (19) of said supporting base having associated therewith the layer of friction material is passed through by at least one channel (21, 23, 41) communicating with a chamber (17a, b), defined in correspondence of the supporting base, for collecting the powders produced due to the wear of the friction material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating particles preferentially accelerates particles to a rotating collector, which then reliably conveys collected particles to a discharge with minimal re-entrainment of the particles in the fluid stream. The collector minimizes energy transfer to the fluid and maximizes separation under conditions of high particle loading, fine particle content, or both. The separator may be operated in any vertical, horizontal or oblique orientation, or within devices whose orientation varies over time.

Abstract: A device for removing droplets in a plasma generator including a tubular traveling passage through which plasma and droplets travel under mixed state is formed, an aperture having a passing hole at an eccentric position is provided in the tubular traveling passage, and a magnetic field generator passing the plasma through the eccentric passing hole of the aperture arranged on an outer circumference of the tubular traveling passage. The plasma further passes through the eccentric passing hole of the aperture after being bent in the tubular traveling passage by a magnetic field generated from the magnetic field generator and the droplets are removed by colliding against the wall face of the aperture at the time of bending.

Abstract: Separation systems can utilize a combination of forces to separate constituent components of a working fluid from each other. Some separation systems utilize one or more of centrifugal and gravitational forces in the purification of hydrogen gas. Some separation systems can utilize one or more of electromotive and magnetic forces in the purification of hydrogen gas.

Abstract: This invention relates to a carbon nanotube producing system. A carbon nanotube producing system includes a reaction tube in which a metal catalyst and a carbon-containing gas are supplied and carbon nanotube grows on the metal catalyst by pyrolysis; an exhaust line along which a gas including the carbon nanotube grown on the metal catalyst is exhausted from the reaction tube; and a carbon nanotube trapping apparatus installed on the exhaust line and configured to trap the carbon nanotube grown on the metal catalyst by using a magnetic force.

Abstract: The present invention provides an assembly for reducing combustion emissions of a combustion apparatus having a combustion chamber producing combustion. The combustion apparatus also has a fluid passageway for carrying treated fluid to the combustion chamber. The assembly includes at least one magnet positioned such that a north pole of each magnet is adjacent the fluid passageway, and a south pole of each magnet is on an opposite side of the north pole and positioned away from the fluid passageway. Each magnet is capable of operating at a sustained efficiency at operating temperatures of approximately 302° F. Each magnet provides a residual flux density of at least approximately 10,000 gauss. The combustion emissions have at least approximately a 1.5% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions compared to the combustion of untreated fluid, as well as reductions in hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method which uses magnetic ionic liquids for the liquid-liquid, liquid-solid, or liquid-gas extraction, wherein the partition of the phases occurs in a magnetic field.

Abstract: In the field of immersion lithography, it is known to provide a liquid between an optical exposure system and a wafer carrying layers of photosensitive material to be irradiated with a pattern by the optical exposure system. However, bubbles are known to form or exist in the liquid, sometimes close to a surface of the wafer resulting in scattering of light emitted from the optical exposure system. The scattering causes the pattern recorded in the layers of photosensitive material to be corrupted, resulting in defective wafers. Therefore, the present invention provides a bubble displacement apparatus comprising a drive signal generator for driving a force generator arranged to generate a force in response to a drive signal generated by the drive signal generator. The force generated urges the bubble away from the surface.

Abstract: A catalytic system (10) for fluid purification, the system (10) comprising: at least one photon source (2) to substantially break down at least two types of target molecules in the fluid to create short lived intermediates; and a ceramic core (5) including at least one type of micropore to adsorb the short lived intermediates for the propagation reactions and termination reactions of the short lived intermediates.

Abstract: Disclosed is a filtration enhancement apparatus and an associated method. The apparatus includes a number of electromagnetic grids that are placed in series. The first grid conditions ambient particles to generate particles with both a positive and a negative charge. These charged particles are then delivered to a second and third grid wherein a low, medium, and/or high frequency alternating current is employed to force the positive and negative charged particles to collide and conglomerate with one another. The conglomerated particles are then sent into the ambient environment for subsequent filtration.

Abstract: A process for separating O2 from air, that includes the steps effecting an increase in pressure of an air stream, magnetically concentrating O2 in one portion of the pressurized air stream, the one portion then being an oxygen rich stream, and there being another portion of the air stream being an oxygen lean stream, compressing the oxygen rich stream and removing water and carbon dioxide therefrom, to provide a resultant stream, and cryogenically separating said resultant stream into a concentrated oxygen stream and a waste stream.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating particles preferentially accelerates particles to a rotating collector, which then reliably conveys collected particles to a discharge with minimal re-entrainment of the particles in the fluid stream. The collector minimizes energy transfer to the fluid and maximizes separation under conditions of high particle loading, fine particle content, or both. The separator may be operated in any vertical, horizontal or oblique orientation, or within devices whose orientation varies over time.

Abstract: A method is provided for separating gas including diamagnetic materials and paramagnetic materials containing nitrogen oxides and oxygen into diamagnetic materials, nitrogen oxides, and oxygen. The method includes steps of providing a magnetic device along a gas passage, and providing a plurality of flow passages. Each flow passage has one end that is separately connected to the gas passage. The flow passages extend in a direction that a force due to a magnetic field of the magnetic device is applied to the paramagnetic materials in the gas. The method further includes a step of allowing the gas to flow into the flow passages so that the diamagnetic materials or the paramagnetic materials in the gas enter into a corresponding flow passage among the plurality of the flow passages.

Abstract: In the field of immersion lithography, it is known to provide a liquid between an optical exposure system and a wafer carrying layers of photosensitive material to be irradiated with a pattern by the optical exposure system. However, bubbles are known to form or exist in the liquid, sometimes close to a surface of the wafer resulting in scattering of light emitted from the optical exposure system. The scattering causes the pattern recorded in the layers of photosensitive material to be corrupted, resulting in defective wafers. Therefore, the present invention provides a bubble displacement apparatus comprising a drive signal generator for driving a force generator arranged to generate a force in response to a drive signal generated by the drive signal generator. The force generated urges the bubble away from the surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides an assembly for reducing combustion emissions of a combustion apparatus having a combustion chamber producing combustion. The combustion apparatus also has a fluid passageway for carrying treated fluid to the combustion chamber. The assembly comprises at least one magnet positioned such that a north pole of each magnet is adjacent the fluid passageway, and a south pole of each magnet is on an opposite side of the north pole and positioned away from the fluid passageway. Each magnet is capable of operating at a sustained efficiency at operating temperatures of approximately 302° F. Each magnet provides a residual flux density of at least approximately 10,000 gauss. The combustion emissions have at least approximately a 1.5% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions compared to the combustion of untreated fluid, as well as reductions in hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions.

Abstract: The invention is an apparatus comprising a magnet adapted to create a diamagnetic force field at all points in space at which a magnetic field-field gradient product of the magnet has a value greater than or equal to a threshold value. At or above the threshold value, the diamagnetic force field induces a diamagnetic body force within a biological specimen supported within a bioreactor chamber that is disposed within the diamagnetic force field. The apparatus may alter the magnitude of the induced diamagnetic body force and may alter the direction of the induced diamagnetic body with respect to a spatial coordinate system or with respect to the direction of a secondary body force acting upon or within the biological specimen, thereby altering the vector sum of the induced diamagnetic body force and the secondary body force acting on the biological specimen.

Abstract: A catalytic system (10) for fluid purification, the system (10) comprising: at least one photon source (2) to substantially break down at least two types of target molecules in the fluid to create short lived intermediates; and a ceramic core (5) including at least one type of micropore to adsorb the short lived intermediates for the propagation reactions and termination reactions of the short lived intermediates.

Abstract: Absorbent magnetic particles are used to remove air pollutants. The adsorbent magnetic particles can adsorb various air pollutants, including nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and mercury, and may be regenerated for reuse.

Abstract: This invention relates to a carbon nanotube producing system. A carbon nanotube producing system includes a reaction tube in which a metal catalyst and a carbon-containing gas are supplied and carbon nanotube grows on the metal catalyst by pyrolysis; an exhaust line along which a gas including the carbon nanotube grown on the metal catalyst is exhausted from the reaction tube; and a carbon nanotube trapping apparatus installed on the exhaust line and configured to trap the carbon nanotube grown on the metal catalyst by using a magnetic force.

Abstract: The invention provides a series of techniques for processing uranium containing feed materials such as uranium ores, reprocessed uranium, uranium containing residues and uranium containing spent fuel. The processes described involve fluorination of uranium containing material, separation of the uranium containing material from other materials based on ionization thereof with the non-ionized fluorine containing material being recycled. Metallic uranium and/or plutonium and/or fission products may result. The technique offers advantages in terms of the range of materials which can be reprocessed and a reduction in the number of complexity of stages which are involved in the process.

Abstract: An increasing level of carbon dioxide gas in the earth's atmosphere has been determined and is generally accepted by the scientific community. The human contribution to increases in the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been identified as a driving force of global climate change. The impact of global climate change might be mitigated by means to reduce or stabilize the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The invention provides a means for cleaning the atmosphere of carbon dioxide molecules by dissociation and refining the by-products into valuable fuels and other substances.

Abstract: A linear trap which allows for charge separation and ion mobility separation in a speedy manner, and enables measurement with high duty cycle. A mass spectrometer comprises an ion source, an ion trap for trapping ions ionized by the ion source, an ion trap controller for controlling a voltage on an electrode included in the ion trap, and a detector for detecting the ions ejected from the ion trap. The ion trap controller includes a table for each mass-to-charge ratio, the table containing a frequency of the voltage used for charge separation, and a gain of the voltage for ejecting a first ion with a first charge outside the ion trap, and retaining in the ion trap a second group of ions with a second charge that is lower than that of the first charge. The ion trap controller controls the voltage based on the mass-to-charge ratio set. The mass spectrometer has significantly improved sensitivity, as compared to the prior art.

Abstract: The present invention is embodied in a system for collecting biological samples from air including a collection assembly to store at least one biological sample and a separator to remove selected particles from the air prior to entry into the collection assembly. In one embodiment, the selected particles are magnetic and the separator includes at least one magnet to attract the particles from the air.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus for removing airborne pathogens and toxic substances from a surface of an article or a volume of air, comprising: a main processing chamber having a door for ingress to and egress from the main processing chamber, at least two high voltage electrodes for generating a current. The electrode can form ozone, if desired, to destroy pathogens. Optionally, the electrodes can be in a sealed or unsealed glass tube, with or without mercury, to generate ultraviolet light for photochemical reaction with pathogens or other contaminants. The apparatus also includes a post processing chamber comprising at least one filter for removing or absorbing airborne particulates and pathogens, and includes low voltage electrodes to neutralize charges in air transmitted from the main processing chamber.

Abstract: A band gap mass filter for separating particles of mass (M1) from particles of mass (M2) in a multi-species plasma includes a chamber defining an axis. Coils around the chamber generate an axially aligned magnetic field defined (B=B0+B1 sin ?t), with an antenna generating the sinusoidal component (B1 sin ?t) to induce an azimuthal electric field (E?) in the chamber. The resultant crossed electric and magnetic fields place particles M2 on unconfined orbits for collection inside the chamber, and pass the particles M1 through said chamber for separation from the particles M2. Unconfined orbits for particles M2 are determined according to an ?-? plot ( ? = ? 0 2 + ? 1 2 / 2 4 ? ? 2 , and ? ? ? ? = ? 0 ? ? 1 8 ? ? 2 ) , where ?0 is the cyclotron frequency for particles with mass/charge ratio M, and wherein ?0=B0/M and ?1=B1/M.

Abstract: A method, system, apparatus, and article of manufacture provide a cross-flow migration classifier capable of separating particles. The classifier provides a channel through which a sample, having one or more particles, passes in a first direction, wherein the channel comprises two or more walls that are permeable to a flow of fluid. A cross-flow enters the channel through one of the permeable walls and exits through another of the permeable walls. An imposed field is applied in a second direction that is counter to the cross-flow and having an orthogonal component to the first direction. The imposed field causes one or more of the particles to migrate at a first velocity opposite and/or equal to a second velocity of the cross-flow. The particles that migrate opposite to the cross-flow are continuously discharged from the cross-flow migration classifier.

Abstract: Magnetic conditioning of fluids and gases flowing through a conduit or other containment vessel to achieve essentially uniform characteristics of said fluids and gases for the purposes of improved operation efficiency and performance quality of mechanisms and systems dependent on these liquids and gases. Specifically, the invention pertains to a combined application of advanced techniques including 1) use of magnets, preferably high flux density stabilized anisotropic magnets, 2) non-uniform flux density pairing, 3) magnetic field focused on an air gap using advanced insulative shielding and parallel alignment control, 4) incremental conditioning and 5) modular design.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing contaminants from gas streams. A first step involves selecting a contaminant to be removed from a gas stream and determining a characteristic ionizing energy value required to selectively ionize the selected contaminant with minimal effect on other contaminants in the gas stream. A second step involves applying the characteristic ionizing energy value to the gas stream and selectively ionizing the selected contaminant. A third step involves capturing the selected contaminant after ionization.

Abstract: A device for separating high mass to charge particles (M1) from low mass to charge particles (M2) in a plasma includes a cylindrical wall that surrounds a chamber and defines an axis. Rectangular shaped coils are mounted on the wall to establish a magnetic field, B0, in the chamber that is aligned substantially perpendicular to the axis and which rotates about the axis. Circularly shaped coils are provided to generate a time-constant, axially aligned magnetic field, Bz, in the chamber. Passive, ring-shaped electrodes are positioned at the ends of the wall and connected to resistors which are then grounded. The rotating magnetic field, B0, rotates the plasma in the axially aligned magnetic field, Bz, which in turn, induces a radially oriented electric field, Er, in the chamber. The crossed fields (i.e. Er×Bz) cause the particles, M1, to strike the wall while the particles, M2, transit through the chamber.

Abstract: A material separator includes a chamber and electrode(s) to create a radially oriented electric field in the chamber. Coils are provided to generate a magnetic field in the chamber. The separator further includes a launcher to propagate a high-frequency electromagnetic wave into the chamber to convert the material into a multi-species plasma. With the crossed electric and magnetic fields, low mass ions in the multi-species plasma are placed on small orbit trajectories and exit through the end of the chamber while high mass ions are placed on large orbit trajectories for capture at the wall of the chamber.