Abstract: A method and apparatus for the purification and collection of hydrogen isotopes in a flowing inert gaseous mixture containing impurities, wherein metal alloy getters having the capability of sorbing non-hydrogen impurities such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, ammonia, nitrogen and water vapor are utilized to purify the gaseous mixture of impurities. After purification hydrogen isotopes may be more efficiently collected. A plurality of parallel process lines utilizing metal getter alloys can be used to provide for the continuous purification and collection of the hydrogen isotopes.

Abstract: Selective separation and recovery of gaseous components of hot waste gas of combustion containing carbon dioxide is attained by causing the hot waste gas to contact an adsorbent containing as a substantial main component thereof an inorganic solid substance exhibiting surface basicity and inducing adsorption of the gaseous components of the hot waste gas on the adsorbent and then selectively separating the adsorbed gaseous components by virtue of differences in retention time among the gaseous components on the adsorbent.

Abstract: An apparatus capable of providing rapid cooling and/or freezing comprises a cabinet or container having a cooling chamber, one or more reactors each containing a complex compound formed by adsorbing a polar gas on a metal salt, in which the polar gas is alternately adsorbed and desorbed on the complex compound, and in which the complex compound is formed by restricting the volumetric expansion and controlling the density during adsorption of the polar gas on the metal salt, whereby the complex compound is capable of adsorbing said polar gas at a rate of greater than 15 moles per mole hour of the complex compound in about 20 minutes or less, a condenser for condensing the polar gas, an evaporator thermally exposed to the cooling chamber for providing cooling therein, and conduits and one or more valves for directing said polar gas from the one or more reactors to the condenser, from the condenser to the evaporator and from the evaporator to the one or more reactors.

Abstract: Pressure swing adsorption to remove CO.sub.2 from a gas stream is conducted using an improved alumina obtained by impregnating a starting alumina with a basic solution having a pH of at least 9, e.g. of a basic compound such as KHCO.sub.3, and drying at a temperature low enough to avoid decomposing the basic compound to a form which adsorbs CO.sub.2 such that the compound does not regenerate under reduced pressure purging.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the separation of one or more components from a multi-component gaseous stream. The component(s) being separated are relatively small molecular diameter gas components. They are separated by sorption techniques wherein the sorbent is a unique class of layered nanostructure materials, such as carbon nanofibers, characterized as having; (i) a surface area from about 0.2 to 3,000 m.sup.2 /g as determined by N.sub.2 adsorption at -196.degree. C., (ii) a crystallinity from about 5% to about 100%, and (iii) interstices from about 0.335 nm to about 0.67 nm.

Abstract: A method of desulphurizing flue gases polluted with SO.sub.2 comprising cooling the gases to a temperature of about 0.5 to 20.degree. above the dew point of the gases and flowing the gases through a granular sorbent prepared from a mixture of commercial cement and water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a controlled process for producing amorphous, microporous silica gels having a predetermined water sorption isotherm of moderate Type I shape having a separation factor between about 0.07 and 0.1 and micropore diameter size between about 6 and 8.7 angstroms. The present microporous silica gels are prepared by adjusting the pH of the reaction system or by doping the system with various elements during the hydrolysis and condensation of alkoxy silicates to form silica gels therefrom, and the hydrolyzed products are successively polymerized to form polymers and particles containing siloxane bonds as follows: ##STR1## Various factors, for example open vs closed system, amount of water used for hydrolysis, type of alkoxides and solvent, pH, amount of catalyst, temperature, aging and drying conditions etc., affect the nature and the rate of hydrolysis, condensation reactions and network formation, and consequently the properties of the final gel products.

Abstract: A process for removal and recovery of arsenic from a gas comprising contacting a supported sorbent with an arsenic-containing gas, adsorbing the arsenic with the supported sorbent, desorbing the arsenic from the supported sorbent, and collecting the desorbed arsenic.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon emissions from fuel reservoirs, particularly those associated with motor vehicles, are abated by contacting a vented hydrocarbon fuel vapor stream from the reservoirs with a polymeric adsorbent derived from a macroporous or macroreticular copolymer of at least one monovinylidene aromatic monomer and a crosslinking monomer. The macroporous copolymers are converted into suitable adsorbents by post-polymerization crosslinking in a swollen state in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst. The resulting adsorbent has improved hydrocarbon adsorption capacity relative to conventional activated carbon adsorbents.

Abstract: A vapor phase adsorption system employing an adsorbent for removing a volatile organic compound from an air stream to produce a purified air effluent in which the adsorbent first adsorbs the compound and is then regenerated by raising the temperature of the adsorbent to a maximum desorption temperature, which employs an improvement which comprises an unloading compound pre-adsorbed on the adsorbent, wherein the unloading compound is an organic compound having a boiling point greater than that of the volatile organic compound and having an equilibrium loading capacity on the adsorbent at the maximum desorption temperature greater than the equilibrium loading capacity of the volatile organic compound.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for adsorptive separation of carbon monoxide or olefins from gas mixtures using adsorbents, which comprise cuprous compounds dispersed on amorphous oxide or carbon macroporous supports. The compositions are prepared by impregnating cupric compounds on, preferably pretreated, supports with the aid of an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt of a di- or polycarboxylic acid dispersant, such as ammonium citrate, followed by reduction of the cupric compound to the corresponding cuprous compound. The reduction can be performed either by the use of elevated temperature or by the use of a reducing gas preferably carbon monoxide at relatively low temperatures up to 150.degree. C. Methods of synthesis are also disclosed.

Abstract: The composition of this invention is a silicated zinc oxide that comprises a co-gelled mixture comprising zinc oxide and silica. This co-gelled mixture is used as a sorbent for removing sulfur compounds from sulfur containing fluids by contacting such fluids with the sorbent. The composition can be prepared by a silicating process wherein the composition is manufactured by silicating zinc oxide to form a co-gelled mixture.

Abstract: A process is provided for removing sulfur oxides from gaseous mixtures such as flue gases or tail gases. The process involves contacting the gaseous mixture with a non-functionalized polymeric sorbent which is essentially hydrophobic, such as styrenic polymers. The process may utilize pressure swing adsorption techniques, and is capable of producing a desorption stream with an SO.sub.2 concentration suitable for immediate conversion to elemental sulfur by the Claus process.