Abstract: A liquid enriched with a high concentration of free gas, in particular, water enriched with free oxygen, is produced by mixing the gas and liquid in an overpressurized system to form a mixture and then abruptly reducing the pressure of the mixture. Alternatively, the pressure reduction may be accomplished using a series of pressure reduction containers which sequentially reduce the pressure on the gas-enriched liquid in a slow incremental fashion, thereby allowing a high concentration of free gas to be maintained within the liquid phase.

Abstract: A cleaning solution preparation device includes a deionized water supply source, a gas supply source, a gas-dissolving unit, and a gas supply pressure controller. The gas supply source supplies any of an oxidative gas, a reductive gas, an inert gas, a mixed gas of an oxidative gas and an inert gas, or a mixed gas of a reductive gas and an inert gas. The gas-dissolving unit dissolves the gas supplied from the gas supply source in deionized water supplied from the deionized water supply source to supply a gas-dissolved cleaning solution to objects to be cleaned. The gas supply pressure controller controls the pressure of the supplied gas at a value exceeding the atmospheric pressure when dissolving the gas in the deionized water.

Abstract: Methanol emissions in the CO.sub.2 vent from a synthesis gas unit in an ammonia or hydrogen plant are reduced by contacting raw synthesis gas from a low temperature shift converter with recycled stripped condensate to absorb methanol. The synthesis gas is treated in a purification unit to form the CO.sub.2 vent of reduced methanol content. The condensate from the contacting step is steam stripped to form a process steam stream suitable for feed to the reformer and a stripped process condensate stream suitable for offsites polishing, a portion of which is recycled for contacting the raw synthesis gas.

Abstract: Apparatus for creating gas-liquid interfacial contact conditions for highly efficient mass transfer between gas and liquid includes a gas-liquid contactor assembly including a hollow porous tube surrounded by an outer jacket defining a gas plenum between the jacket and the porous tube; a liquid feed assembly including a nozzle for injecting liquid into the porous tube in a spiraling flow pattern around and along the porous tube; a gas-liquid separator assembly at the first end of the porous tube including a nonporous degassing tube coaxially aligned with and connected to the porous tube, a gas outlet port coaxially aligned with the degassing tube to receive a first portion of gas flowing from the degassing tube, a first gas duct coaxially aligned with and connected to the gas outlet duct to convey the first portion of gas therefrom; and a liquid collection assembly. A second gas discharge assembly to collect and convey gas from the first end of the porous tube is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and device for removing radon from groundwater without substantially reducing wellhead pressure. The pressurized radon stripper of the present invention has two principal components: a novel Venturi injector assembly which introduces air into a water process stream from a water source such as a well or the like; and a packed bed contactor which enhances air-liquid contact and serves as a gas-liquid separator. Over two thirds of the radon removal occurs in the Venturi injectors due to the intense gas-liquid turbulence in the throat of the Venturi valve.

Abstract: A structure for treating water used in public water supplies for removing dissolved gases. The installation includes a closed outer tank for storage of water and a vented inner tank for water aeration contained at least partially within the outer tank. The inner tank includes a column of packing media for aerating the water which is delivered from the ground water source to a point above the column. A flow of air is delivered into the outer tank above the water level, and an air inlet causes air to flow into the inner tank and through the column in counter-current flow to the water. The air is then vented to the atmosphere.

Abstract: An in-situ continuous liquid analyzing system for continuously analyzing volatile components contained in a water source comprises: a carrier gas supply, an extraction container and a mass spectrometer. The carrier gas supply continuously supplies the carrier gas to the extraction container and is mixed with a water sample that is continuously drawn into the extraction container. The carrier gas continuously extracts the volatile components out of the water sample. The water sample is returned to the water source after the volatile components are extracted from it. The extracted volatile components and the carrier gas are delivered continuously to the mass spectometer and the volatile components are continuously analyzed by the mass spectrometer.

Abstract: A membrane hybrid process for treating organic-containing gas streams to remove or recover the organic. The process combines absorbent scrubbing, gas stripping, condensation, and membrane separation, and is particularly useful in treating high-volume, low-organic-concentration streams. The process may be operated such that the only products are a clean air stream suitable for venting to the atmosphere, and a small-volume, condensed liquid organic stream suitable to reuse or disposal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dissolved oxygen reducing apparatus which enables supplying a liquid containing very small amounts of dissolved oxygen. The dissolved oxygen reducing apparatus includes a bubbling vessel (24) having a liquid charge inlet (21), a liquid discharge outlet (22) and an inert gas discharge port (23), an inert gas sparger (25) provided within the bubbling vessel (24), and a liquid discharge pipe (26) connected to the liquid discharge outlet (22). The bubbling vessel (24) and the liquid discharge pipe (26) have a coefficient of oxygen permeability of not higher than 10.sup.-9 cc.multidot.cm/cm.sup.2 .multidot.sec.multidot.atm at 25.degree. C.

Abstract: A water aeration system for receiving gas and/or iron laden water from a water source and delivering purified water to a service line. The system includes a tank with an internal volume fillable with water, a tank inlet, a tank outlet, and an aerator. Water is introduced into the tank through the tank inlet and passes downwardly within the tank. The downwardly moving water encounters a counterflow of upwardly migrating bubbles introduced into the tank by the aerator, and the air bubbles cause impurities in the water to precipitate out and settle onto the floor of the tank and gases to the vented to atmosphere. After moving to the bottom portion of the internal volume of the tank, the water passes upwardly through an upstanding water outlet pipe located within the tank internal volume and passes through the tank outlet to be removed from the tank. The system may also include a mechanism for flushing from the tank precipitates collected on the tank floor.

Abstract: A system for removing hazardous contaminants such as radon gas and volatile synthetic organic chemicals from domestic water supplies includes a perforated, horizontally-oriented tray which is baffled to define a curved (e.g., serpentine, spiral) liquid flow path. Contaminated water is distributed upon a portion of the tray and flows as directed by the baffles to a downcomer and into a storage tank. Air is blown into the storage tank, which is located below the perforated tray, and up through the perforations. The forced air causes the water flowing across the tray to froth, and evaporates the contaminants out of the frothing water. The forced air, carrying the volatilized contaminants, is then vented outside the home.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for treating waste water containing volatile and corrosive substances by steam-stripping to remove the volatile and corrosive substances from the waste water. The apparatus has a liquid pooling zone installed at a part over the waste water supplying part of a stripper tower and liquid distributor at the top of the tower, and pipe arrangement is prepared to recycle liquid drawn from the liquid pooling zone to the liquid distributor. In the pipe arrangement, a cooler for the recycling liquid is installed. Serious corrosion can be avoided utilizing this apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for injecting high concentrations of a treatment gas into a liquid stream which is devoid of undissolved gas or a gas phase. The liquid stream is passed through a gas inducing injector to receive treatment gas, and then is passed through a centrifugal liquid/gas separator from which entrained gases and liquid with dissolved treatment gases are separately withdrawn.

Abstract: A water aeration system for receiving gas and/or iron laden water from a water source and delivering purified water to a service line. The system includes a tank with an internal volume fillable with water, a tank inlet, a tank outlet, and an aerator. Water is introduced into the tank through the tank inlet and passes downwardly within the tank. The downwardly moving water encounters a counterflow of upwardly migrating bubbles introduced into the tank by the aerator, and the air bubbles cause impurities in the water to precipitate out and settle onto the floor of the tank and gases to the vented to atmosphere. After moving to the bottom portion of the internal volume of the tank, the water passes upwardly through an upstanding water outlet pipe located within the tank internal volume and passes through the tank outlet to be removed from the tank. The system may also include a mechanism for flushing from the tank precipitates collected on the tank floor.

Abstract: A defoaming device and method for aeration, for use in a processor equipped with an aeration apparatus for sending air into a processing solution. The defoaming device includes a pipe for guiding foam produced in the aeration apparatus to outside the aeration apparatus; and at least one of a throttle portion, which is disposed midway in the pipe and formed by reducing a cross-sectional area of the pipe, and an air-stream guiding device for guiding an air stream into a portion of the pipe in a downstream direction corresponding to the direction of the flow of the foam. The flow rate of foam in the pipe is accelerated by the throttle portion and/or the air-stream guiding device, thereby positively removing the foam produced in the aeration apparatus.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement in a circulation lubrication system including a lubricating oil tank; pressure pipe lines for supplying oil to parts to be lubricated; return pipe lines for returning the oil from the parts to be lubricated to the oil tank. To eliminate problems caused by moisture, a blower is arranged to blow air into the oil tank, and at least one valve is positioned in the oil return pipe lines, the valve being arranged to allow the discharge of the air blown into the oil tank and the air with moisture and dirt flowing in the return pipe lines from the oil return pipe lines.

Abstract: Raw water containing organic chlorine compounds is supplied in an aeration tank, wherein the organic chlorine compounds contained in the raw water are transferred into air or gas. The gas obtained from the aeration tank is collected in a treatment solution of a decomposition-treatment tank. The treatment solution contains an oxidizing agent and ultraviolet rays are irradiated to the treatment solution in the decomposition-treatment tank to activate the oxidizing agent, to thereby oxidization-decompose the organic chlorine compounds in the gas.

Abstract: A system and method of use for providing nearly one-hundred (100%) percent of volatile component(s) present in a liquid solution as a gaseous phase volatile component(s) sample to a sample analysis system, at relatively sequentially constant buffered pressure and flow rate, is disclosed. The present invention also provides for quick, immediate and active removal of a remaining liquid solution mixture entered thereto to reduce carry-over contamination. The present invention is particularly well suited for use with flame and plasma based sample analysis systems and its use serves to greatly increase achievable stability of their operation, and sensitivity to volatile component(s) such as, As, Se, Sb, Sn, Hg, B and Te.

Abstract: A method for pressurizing a gas using a liquid. The method comprises providing a liquid pump; providing a liquid for introducing to the liquid pump; introducing a gas to the liquid prior to the liquid entering the liquid pump; pumping the liquid and the gas through the liquid pump to provide a compressed mixture of the liquid and gas having an increased pressure; thereafter separating the gas from the liquid while both liquid and gas are under pressure; reducing the pressure of the liquid after the separation; and recirculating the liquid back to the liquid pump.

Abstract: In a multi-pass system for purifying oil or other liquids, an improved apparatus and method for mixing air with the contaminated liquid for separation after a phase change from liquid to gas. The contaminated liquid is drawn from a reservoir by a pump, filtered, and heated, and atmospheric air is induced into the contaminated liquid downstream of the heater by an eductor, which promotes the phase change from liquid to vapor. The liquid/contaminant mix, which now includes entrained air, is passed immediately through a second eductor, the compressibility of the air in tile mix, followed by expansion of the compressed air as the mix exits the second eductor, causing intimate contact of air and contaminant, thereby promoting the stripping of the contaminant from tile liquid. The air/liquid/contaminant mix is then routed to a level controlled separation tank, water vapor, contaminants, and condensate being released from tile tank ill the space above the pooled liquid.

Abstract: A process for removing inorganic components from water is disclosed. The process involves gas stripping followed by membrane separation treatment of the stripping gas. The stripping step can be carried out using one or multiple gas strippers and using air or any other gas as stripping gas. The membrane separation step can be carried out using a single-stage membrane unit or a multistage unit. Apparatus for carrying out the process is also disclosed. The process is particularly suited for treatment of contaminated groundwater or industrial wastewater.

Abstract: In a multi-pass system for purifying oil or other liquids, an improved apparatus and method for mixing air with the contaminated liquid for separation after a phase change from liquid to gas. The contaminated liquid is drawn from a reservoir by a pump, filtered, and heated, and atmospheric air is induced into the contaminated liquid downstream of the heater by an eductor, which promotes the phase change from liquid to vapor. The liquid/contaminant mix, which now includes entrained air, is passed immediately through a second eductor, the compressibility of the air in the mix, followed by expansion of the compressed air as the mix exits the second eductor, causing intimate contact of air and contaminant, thereby promoting the stripping of the contaminant from the liquid. The air/liquid/contaminant mix is then routed to a level controlled separation tank, water vapor, contaminants, and condensate being released from the tank in the space above the pooled liquid.

Abstract: A modular air stripper apparatus comprised of a plurality of stacked air stripping chambers.

Abstract: A portable modular water air stripper system for remediation of contaminated water, such as groundwater at an outdoor contamination site, has its primary components, including the frames of a vertical assembly of individually demountable tray units, a sump and cap member, formed as hollow rotationally molded plastic pieces. Each tray unit has an air-porous sheet member having air-flow apertures with a diameter of 0.100 inches or less constructed to retain water during stripping action by air passing upwardly through the apertures. Each sheet member is removable from a respective tray frame and has mounted thereon a baffle that defines a tortuous water flow path across each tray. In one embodiment, the baffles extend between and are substantially sealed to the undersurface of the next higher tray.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the decontamination of oil includes providing a jet compressor having a converging section in which high velocity liquid oil compresses a source of atmospheric pressure gas, a central mixing section that intimately mixes the liquid oil with the gas for providing a large gas and oil surface area for the mass transfer of water from the liquid oil, and a diverging section in which the liquid oil and gas are further mixed during pressure recovery. A tubular member is connected to the diverging section to provide a residence time chamber immediately downstream of the diverging section to increase the efficiency of the rate of transfer of water from the liquid oil to the gas.

Abstract: An atmospheric deaerator unit having a vessel divided into an atmospheric section and a low pressure section, the low pressure section containing steam supply line for deaerating a water spray circulated from the atmospheric section through a water circulating line using a series of spray heads for spraying water into the low pressure section, the circulating line communicating between the low pressure section and the atmospheric section, the atmospheric section having a vent open to atmosphere with a vent condenser to purge vented non-condensible gases from the atmospheric section, and, the low pressure section being pressure protected by a water column conduit communicating between the vessel sections to return overflow water and blow-through excess pressurized steam and vapor from the pressurized section to the atmospheric section, the unit being controlled by a steam control valve using pressure of the pressurized section or water temperature in the atmospheric section.

Abstract: A process for removing organic compounds from water is disclosed. The process involves gas stripping followed by membrane separation treatment of the stripping gas. The stripping step can be carried out using one or multiple gas strippers and using air or any other gas as stripping gas. The membrane separation step can be carried out using a single-stage membrane unit or a multistage unit. Apparatus for carrying out the process is also disclosed. The process is particularly suited for treatment of contaminated groundwater or industrial wastewater.

Abstract: A system and process for manufacturing deoxidized water by the step of dissolving inert gas such as carbon dioxide into available water in a fine bubbled condition for exchange with oxygen in the water.

Abstract: A system for removing hazardous contaminants such as radon gas and volatile synthetic organic chemicals from domestic water supplies includes a perforated, horizontally-oriented tray which is baffled to define a curved (e.g., serpentine, spiral) liquid flow path. Contaminated water is distributed upon a portion of the tray and flows as directed by the baffles to a downcomer and into a storage tank. Air is blown into the storage tank, which is located below the perforated tray, and up through the perforations. The forced air causes the water flowing across the tray to froth, and evaporates the contaminants out of the frothing water. The forced air, carrying the volatilized contaminants, is then vented outside the home.