Abstract: A precipitation tube and a precipitation tube bundle for a wet electrostatic precipitator, in particular for separating dusts, gases, and/or aerosols from exhaust gases are disclosed. The precipitation tube is designed as a modular tube system. It has at least two wall parts which each form a periphery segment of an inner periphery of the precipitation tube and are connected to each other so as to form at least part of the inner circumference of the precipitation tube. The modular tube system may include at least two wall parts, which each form a length segment of the precipitation tube and are connected to each other so as to form at least part of the length of the precipitation tube. The precipitation tube bundle is modular and includes a supporting structure on which a plurality of precipitation tubes are detachably held by connecting elements.

Abstract: An electrostatic precipitator having a collecting electrode plate assembly, including at least two electrode plates disposed substantially in a parallel to each other in the vertical plane within the electrostatic precipitator, forming a space between the collecting electrode plates, and a discharge electrode assembly interposed in said spaces, wherein the electrode assembly passing at least a supporting structure of the collecting electrode plate assembly. The supporting structure is provided with an electrical screening device at least in the area of the supporting structure facing said electrode assembly.

Abstract: A mast electrode design for a wet electrostatic precipitator including a first and a second electrode section connected together via a connector assembly. The connector assembly includes an axial protrusion extending from an end of the first electrode section which is inserted into an axial bore formed in an end of the second electrode section.

Abstract: A structure for attaching a dust collection electrode of a wet electric dust collector that is low-cost and resistant to entire face corrosion, space corrosion, and hole corrosion. An end of a dust collection electrode element is tightened and slung to be supported by a slung beam slung in a lateral direction in a building accommodating a dust collection apparatus. A supporting member made of Hastelloy® is attached to the dust collection electrode element. The supporting member and the slung beam include attachment holes through which the supporting member and the slung beam are tightened together by a bolt and nut. The slung beam and the dust collection electrode element have therebetween the supporting member to sling and support the slung beam and the dust collection electrode plate so that the slung beam and the dust collection electrode plate are separated from each other.

Abstract: An electrode wire for use in an electrostatic precipitator is provided according to an embodiment of the invention. The electrode wire includes a wire portion of a predetermined length L, a first end, and a second end. The electrode wire further includes retaining bodies formed on the first end and the second end of the wire portion. A retaining body of the retaining bodies is substantially solid.

Abstract: A system, apparatus and method for generating electricity from renewable geothermal, wind, and solar energy sources includes a heat balancer for supplementing and regulating the heat energy fed to a turbine generator; a hydrogen-fired boiler for supplying supplementary heat; and an injection manifold for metering controlled amounts of superheated combustible gas into the working fluids to optimize efficiency. Wind or solar power may be converted to hydrogen in an electrolysis unit to produce hydrogen. A phase separator unit that operates by cavitation of the geothermal fluids removes gases from the source fluid. A pollution prevention trap may be used to remove solids and other unneeded constituents of the geothermal fluids to be stored or processed in a solution mining unit for reuse or sale. Spent geothermal and working fluids may be processed and injected into the geothermal strata to aid in maintaining its temperature or in solution mining of elements in the lithosphere.

Abstract: An electrode wire for use in an electrostatic precipitator is provided according to an embodiment of the invention. The electrode wire includes a wire portion of a predetermined length L, a first end, and a second end. The electrode wire further includes retaining bodies formed on the first end and the second end of the wire portion. A retaining body of the retaining bodies is substantially solid.

Abstract: A method of repairing an electrostatic precipitator, including building a temporary support truss assembly, supporting the temporary truss assembly at the level of the hot roof of the electrostatic precipitator, transfeffing the weight of the internal components of the electrostatic precipitator from the upper girders to the temporary truss assembly, repairing or replacing the upper girders of the electrostatic precipitator, and then transferring the weight of the internal components to the repaired or replaced upper girders.

Abstract: A method of forming a modular collecting electrode for an electrostatic precipitator, including forming a plurality of horizontal collecting electrode sections, each section having vertical planar portions separated by vertical tubular portions, and wherein the method includes inserting interconnecting support elements into the tubular portions of adjacent collector electrode sections and compressing the interconnected electrode sections to form a rigid modular assembly. In one preferred embodiment, the method includes applying stiffening members across the ends of the planar portions of adjacent electrode sections for transmitting rapping forces through the assembled sections.

Abstract: An apparatus for preventing wear of an electrode holder on a discharge electrode frame of an electrostatic precipitator includes an electrically conductive member having a central portion generally contoured to a shape of an electrode holder. The apparatus is fastened to at least one of the electrode holder and an end portion of a discharge electrode such that, when the end portion of the discharge electrode is attached to the electrode holder, the electrically conductive member is disposed between the end portion of the discharge electrode and the electrode holder.

Abstract: A modular frame for use in air purification devices is described. In one aspect of the invention, a plurality of frame members are arranged in a linked stack to form a housing for components of an air purification device. The frame members are arranged to define a flow channel through which a fluid stream passes and to support components of the air purification device that receive the fluid stream. In another aspect of the invention, a plurality of rods are arranged to pass through the frame member stack. A first one of the rods serves as an electrical power source at a first potential and a second one of the rods serves as an electrical power source at a second potential. Electrical connectors are provided to electrically couple electrodes on selected components of the air purification device to their associated rods. In devices that utilize electrostatic filters, the electrodes that are connected to the rods may include the electrodes of the electrostatic filters.

Abstract: A method of repairing an electrostatic precipitator, comprising building a temporary support truss assembly, supporting the temporary truss assembly at the level of the hot roof of the electrostatic precipitator, transferring the weight of the internal components of the electrostatic precipitator from the upper girders to the temporary truss assembly, repairing or replacing the upper girders of the electrostatic precipitator, and then transferring the weight of the internal components to the repaired or replaced upper girders.

Abstract: A device for cleaning a gas, which combines together in a single unit an Inertial Separator and an Electrostatic Precipitator, so as to reduce or eliminate the shortcomings of the latter two types of devices when they are used separately, and to synergistically enhance the efficiency and effectiveness compared to when they are operated separately in series.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric filter which includes emission and separation systems, which are intended for separating particles from a gaseous, particle-containing medium passing through the electric filter, and a filter chamber (1) which surrounds the emission and separation systems and their peripheral devices, the filter chamber (1) having a top surface (2), a base structure (3), and a wall structure (4) provided with thermal insulation and sheet metal cladding. The base structure (3) is made of concrete or the like and includes at least one trough or hopper bottomed tank (5) for the separated particales, wall structure (4) is made of steel and attached to the base structure (3) with a substantially rigid joint (5). The wall structure (4), except for the rigid joint (6), is provided to allow thermal expansion and contraction.

Abstract: An electric dust collector that does not need an exhaust fan or special equipment for preventing dust from flying off. An incinerator is formed on a building, and a smokestack is raised so that it is integrated with the wall of the incinerator. The smokestack is formed from metallic sheeting and lined with refractories. A beam is installed over the smokestack. The beam is electrically insulated using insulatores. A discharge electrode is suspended form the beam at the center of the smokestack. The discharge electrode has many needle-like discharge pins almost in its lower half part. The negative pole of a DC high-voltage power supply is connected with the discharge electrode, while the positive pole is grounded and connected with the metallic sheeting constituting the smokestack.

Abstract: An apparatus for ionizing air to remove particulate matter. The apparatus including an ionizer and a bracket for mounting the ionizer and a bracket for mounting the ionizer in a duct or enclosure. The ionizer includes a series of electrodes which span a portion of the duct. The electrodes are energized by a high voltage circuit and an ionic wind is created between the electrode and duct. The ionic wind sweeps particles in the air to the duct which provides a collector electrode. In another embodiment, a ring collector electrode is also provided for spanning the inner portion of the duct. The high voltage circuit includes a DC power supply, a high voltage transformer, a high voltage multiplier stage and a push-pull switching circuit. The DC power supply receives AC power and generates a DC output which is coupled to the primary of the transformer. The push-pull switching circuit produces a controlled and efficient AC output in the transformer by alternately switching the primary winding.

Abstract: An electric discharge wire-holding structure for a wet-type electric dust collector is disclosed. The holding structure is capable of increasing the service life of electric discharge wires by preventing the presence of a minute clearance at the end of the electric discharge wire which is fastened on the electrode bar, thereby providing a continuous path for a flowing current and preventing electric wear due to a potential difference. The holding structure includes a hook provided at the fastened end of an electric discharge wire, and which is fastened on a planar set seat formed on an electrode bar by a set screw.

Abstract: An apparatus for ionizing air to remove particulate matter. The apparatus including an ionizer and a bracket for mounting the ionizer in a duct or enclosure. The ionizer includes a series of electrodes which span a portion of the duct. The electrodes are energized by a high voltage circuit and an ionic wind is created between the electrode and duct. The ionic wind sweeps particles in the air to the duct which provides a collector electrode. In another embodiment, a ring collector electrode is also provided for spanning the inner portion of the duct. The high voltage circuit includes a DC power supply, a high voltage transformer, a high voltage multiplier stage and a push-pull switching circuit. The DC power supply receives AC power and generates a DC output which is coupled to the primary of the transformer. The push-pull switching circuit produces a controlled and efficient AC output in the transformer by alternately switching the primary winding.

Abstract: Discharge electrode wires are arranged between parallel discharge tubes by attaching one end of the discharge electrode wire to an end clip within the frame of an electrostatic precipitator having rows of collecting electrode plates. The opposite end of the discharge electrode wire is detachably connected with an in-line spring at one end of the spring. The opposite end of the in-line spring is detachably connected with another end clip. The end clips are detachably engagable with the tubes of the frame and the discharge electrode wire is arranged between parallel tubes by attaching one end clip to one tube and extending the discharge electrode wire through use of the in-line spring in order to attach the second end clip to a parallel frame tube. This arrangement allows for easy access and removal of a damaged discharge electrode wire.

Abstract: A mechanism for rapping the electrodes of an electrostatic precipitator for the purpose of dislodging dust deposited on the electrodes is disclosed. The rapping mechanism incorporates a pair of impact beams (1, 1') between which collecting electrodes are suspended. The impact beams are so arranged that the beams slide on the upward-facing edges of a pair of support carriers (2, 2') secured to the precipitator housing. A drop hammer (7) rotatable about a horizontal shaft raps an anvil (6) secured to the impact beam pair (1, 1'), thereby causing a horizontal vibration of the impact beam pair (1, 1') without imparting any impact energy to the precipitator housing. A pair of springs (12) secured to the precipitator housing, one at each end of the impact beam pair, act against the horizontal movement of the impact beam pair and restore the impact beam pair to its original position.

Abstract: In an assembly incorporating a suspension device and a rapping mechanism for vertically mounted electrodes of a high-voltage supplied electrostatic precipitator, discharge electrodes (9) are suspended from horizontal frame tubes (8'), which are in turn connected to vertical frame tubes (5) having an upper, rod-shaped portion (12). The portion (12) of each of the frame tubes (5) is mounted in vertically aligned holes (14) in the legs of U-shaped support irons (4) attached to the carrier beams (1), which are in turn suspended from the roof of the precipitator housing via carrier rods (3). The upward facing end surface of the portion (12) serves as an abutment for a drop hammer (13) which causes rapping of the electrodes.

Abstract: A heat developable light-sensitive material comprising a support with at least one layer thereon and containing at least (a) an organic silver salt, (b) light-sensitive silver halide or a silver halide-forming component and (c) a reducing agent with (d) an iron family compound in at least one layer on the support.

Abstract: A heat developable, photographic material comprising, in reactive association, (a) a photosensitive, transition metal carbonyl compound, (b) an oxidation-reduction image-forming combination comprising (i) a tellurium (II) or (IV) compound as an oxidizing agent, with (ii) a reducing agent, and (c) a binder can provide an improved non-silver image. After imagewise exposure of the heat developable material, an image can be developed by merely heating the material.

Abstract: A photographic element comprises a support having thereon a binder containing numerous vesicles, each vesicle comprising a matrix of lipid membranes containing rhodopsin and one of(a) metal cations or(b) materials selected from the group consisting of chelatometric materials, colorimetric reagents for said metal cations, materials which are caused to react by the presence of said metal cations to form a gas or a visible reaction product, and materials which form elemental metal through redox reactions with said metal cationsInside the vesicles and the other (a) or (b) outside the vesicles. On imagewise exposure to light, the metal cations flow through the vesicles and react with the above material in the exposed areas only.

Abstract: A light-sensitive material comprising a layer containing:(a) at least one organic compound containing tellurium and/or selenium; and(b) at least one sensitizing compound selected from the oxides, basic halides, halides, sulfates, nitrates, perchlorates, or organic acid salts of In (III), Sb (III), Ti (IV), Zn (II), Bi (III), Ge (IV), and Sn (IV).

Abstract: The present invention relates to light-sensitive photographic material with a light-sensitive heavy metal compound, e.g. a silver halide, and a spectral sensitizer. The spectral sensitizer is a compound in which the radicals of a sensitizing dyestuff are covalently bonded to amino, imino, hydroxyl, mercapto, carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid amide groups of a natural hydrophilic colloid, preferably gelatin.The invention also relates to new sensitizing dyes which are dinuclear cyanine dyes or merocyanine dyes which have attached either to a heterocyclic nucleus of the dye or to its methine chain a group which is reactive with a hydrophilic colloid.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material in which a surface layer thereof contains an inorganic material comprising as a main component alumina-magnesium silicate to improve upon the characteristics of the surface.

Abstract: Non-conductive real images are formed on substrates by depositing reducible metal salt compositions thereon from an aqueous acidic solution of pH 1.5-5 containing bromide ions and exposing the coated substrates to radiant energy to reduce the metal salt to metallic nuclei and to produce a real image of metal, which is intensified and built up by electroless metal deposition. The metal salt composition can either be selectively deposited and then exposed, or uniformly deposited and then selectively exposed, to produce the real image.

Abstract: Sensitizing processes and the resulting new articles of manufacture, suitable for the production of metallized bodies, such as printed circuits, dials, nameplates, metallized plastics, glass, ceramics and the like, comprising bases coated with a halide containing aqueous sensitizing solution of pH 1.5-4.0 that deposits a layer of copper, nickel, cobalt or iron salts or salt compositions, which on exposure to radiant energy, such as heat, light, etc., is converted to a layer of metal nuclei which is non-conductive, but which is capable of catalyzing the deposition of metal onto the base from an electroless metal deposition solution in contact with the metal nuclei.

Abstract: This invention involves an imaging process in which a light image is projected onto a photosensitive medium having a layer capable upon light exposure of directly generating nuclei of a metal more noble than silver, such as palladium, which metal is catalytic to the electroless deposition of a non-noble metal, and thereafter selectively providing non-noble free metal onto the noble metal nuclei by electroless deposition, thereby providing a visible print of the original light image. The photosensitive layer in such media may comprise a compound of a metal more noble than silver and a photosensitive composition which can generate upon light exposure a reducing agent for said noble metal. In another embodiment, the photosensitive layer may contain a photoreducible metal salt which, upon light exposure, generates nuclei of a metal more noble than silver.

Abstract: A pattern capable of reducing thereon a precious metal is generated on a suitable substrate by first coating selected portions of the substrate with a solution, called a photopromoter, which contains a metal salt. The metal salt possesses two characteristics:(a) the oxidation state of the salt (i.e., of the metal ion) is alterable (either increasable or decreasable) by exposure of the salt to radiation of the proper wavelength; and(b) in either the original or the altered oxidation state (but not in both states) the salt is capable of reducing a precious metal, e.g., a metal of the platinum group such as palladium, platinum or rhodium, from a salt thereof.The photopromoter-coated substrate is next selectively exposed to the proper wavelength radiation to produce a pattern of the photopromoter salt capable of reducing the precious metal. The remainder of the salt is incapable of reducing the precious metal.