Abstract: The present invention provides an air filtration cartridge suitable for use in the treatment of air in a forced airflow air supply system. The cartridge comprises an inner casing having an upstream stage defining a chamber having an inlet for receiving a forced airflow. The chamber has an outlet which leads into a downstream stage comprising a filter holder and mounting a high airflow electrostatic filter. Inside the chamber is a low power coronal discharge ozone generator device.

Abstract: An ion wind generator is arranged in the vicinity of a light source. The ion wind generator allows an air flow by negatively ionizing air by corona discharges using negative side needle electrodes, and drawing the negatively-ionized air using a ground side mesh electrode. High-temperature air surrounding the light source is drawn by the air flow and exhausted from an exhaust port at a rear side of a casing. An ozone decomposition catalyst filter is provided in the exhaust port. Ozone (O3) is generated by the corona discharges in the ion wind generator. However, the ozone is decomposed by passing through the ozone decomposition catalyst filter provided at the exhaust port.

Abstract: An air particle precipitator and a method of air filtration include a housing unit; a first conductor in the housing unit; a second conductor in the housing unit; and a carbon nanotube grown on the second conductor. Preferably, the first conductor is positioned opposite to the second conductor. The air particle precipitator further includes an electric field source adapted to apply an electric field to the housing unit. Moreover, the carbon nanotube is adapted to ionize gas in the housing unit, wherein the ionized gas charges gas particulates located in the housing unit, and wherein the first conductor is adapted to trap the charged gas particulates. The air particle precipitator may further include a metal layer over the carbon nanotube.

Abstract: A replacement discharge electrode including a plurality of tubular telescopically assemblable discharge elements, and a tensioning element, tensioning the cable when the tubular telescopically assemblable discharge elements are aligned forming a rigid unitary tubular replacement discharge electrode. The discharge electrode components include abuttable tubular sections, center support tubes telescopically received within the abuttable tubular sections and outer tubular sleeves or collars, forming a rigid discharge electrode having excellent electrical properties. The method includes loosely assembling the tubular component on a flexible cable and tensioning the cable to form a rigid mast-type discharge electrode.

Abstract: An apparatus useful for electrostatic deposition (ESD) of aerosol particles and methods of depositing the aerosol particles onto a substrate are disclosed. The ESD apparatus and the method of the present invention are useful for electrostatically depositing nanoparticles produced by gas-phase synthesis onto a substrate where the velocity of the flow of aerosol can be controlled.

Abstract: A pumping apparatus for pumping a liquid from a source to a target including a motor, a first pump driven by the motor, a second pump driven by the motor and a separator in fluid communication with the first and second pump for separating a liquid received from a source into a gaseous component and a liquid component. The separator further diverts the gaseous component to the first pump and the liquid component to the second pump, wherein the first pump pumps the gaseous component back to the source and the second pump pumps the liquid component to a target.

Abstract: An electro-kinetic air conditioner for removing particulate from the air creates an airflow using no moving parts. The conditioner includes an ion generator that has an electrode assembly including a first array of emitter electrodes, a second array of collector electrodes, and a high voltage generator. Preferably, a third or leading or focus electrode is located upstream of the first array of emitter electrodes, and/or a trailing electrode is located downstream of the second array of collector electrodes. The device can also include an interstitial electrode located between collector electrodes, an enhanced collector electrode with an integrally formed trailing end, and an enhanced emitter electrode with an enhanced length in order to increase emissivity.

Abstract: A discharge device for generating a streamer discharge includes a discharge electrode and a counter electrode. The discharge electrode is in a shape of a wire or rod and is disposed substantially parallel to the counter electrode. Thus, even when a tip of the discharge electrode becomes worn out, a shape of the tip of the discharge electrode remains unchanged and a distance between the discharge electrode and the counter electrode remains unchanged. As a result, even when the tip of the discharge electrode becomes worn out, the streamer discharge stability will not fall.

Abstract: An electrostatic precipitator is detailed. The precipitator includes a conduit for the passage of particles in an air flow and a generator of an electrostatic field substantially orthogonal to the air flow, and an ion supply, capable of charging the particles, in which the generator includes a point electrode and a two dimensional surface electrode. The plane surface electrode includes an ion source and the point electrode includes a counter electrode and the counter electrode is earthed.

Abstract: A system useful for electrostatic deposition (ESD) of aerosol particles and methods of depositing the aerosol particles onto a substrate are disclosed. The ESD system and the method of the present invention are useful for electrostatically depositing nanoparticles produced by gas-phase synthesis, using an induction particle generator, onto a substrate. Direct current may be used with minimized corona leakage in the system, which would otherwise be damaging to the induction particle generator.

Abstract: A gas treating device capable of electrically collecting dust and of decomposing odors and other matter by plasma includes a plasma generating device integrally incorporated into an ionization part in a casing. The ionization part has an ionization line and a columnar portion of a negative electrode member. The plasma generating device includes a discharge electrode which shares a counter electrode with the ionization line. During operation, dust of a relatively small size in room air is electrically charged by discharge between the ionization line and the counter electrode. An electrostatic filter entraps and collects the electrically charged dust. A plasma of low temperature is generated by streamer discharge between the discharge electrode and the counter electrode. Harmful substances and odorous substances in the room air are decomposed by an activated species contained in the generated low-temperature plasma.

Abstract: A flotage trapping device comprises at least one plus electrode and at least one minus electrode. The plus electrode and minus electrode are alternately disposed. The electrodes trap the flotage floating in the air. Another flotage trapping device comprises at least one electrode of a single polarity and a space ion generating device for generating ions of polarity opposite to that of the electrode so as to form an ion space around or adjacent said electrode. A flotage repelling device comprises at least one electrode of a single polarity, and a space ion generating device for generating ions of the same polarity as that of the electrode so as to form an ion space around or adjacent of the electrode.

Abstract: A corona ground element for use in a pre-ionizer of an electrostatic precipitator is provided according to an embodiment of the invention. The corona ground element includes a substantially elongate body including a proximate end and a distal end and first and second projections formed on the proximate end and the distal end. The first and second projections are adapted to retain the corona plate in the electrostatic precipitator.

Abstract: A retainer for use with a corona ground element of an electrostatic precipitator is provided according to an embodiment of the invention. The retainer includes a body and a retainer aperture extending at least partially through the body and adapted to receive a projection extending from the corona ground element. The retainer aperture is configured to receive the projection as a press fit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a discharge electrode (1) for use in an electrostatic precipitator in combination with one or more collecting electrodes, wherein the discharge electrode (1) has the form of a tubular element (2). The discharge electrode (1) includes electrode elements (3) that consist of tongues (4) bent out from the wall (5) of said tubular element, said tongues also be bent upwards. The invention also relates to a method of producing the discharge electrode.

Abstract: A pre-ionizer for use with an electrostatic precipitator is provided according to an embodiment of the invention. The pre-ionizer includes two or more corona ground elements arranged in a substantially parallel orientation. A corona ground element of the two or more corona ground elements includes a substantially elongate body including a proximate end and a distal end and first and second projections formed on the proximate end and the distal end. The first and second projections retain the corona ground element in the electrostatic precipitator. The pre-ionizer further includes one or more corona charge elements positioned between two adjacent corona ground elements of the two or more corona ground elements. When a high voltage electrical field is placed across the two or more corona ground elements and the one or more corona charge elements, the pre-ionizer at least partially ionizes airflow through the pre-ionizer.

Abstract: The distance between a discharge electrode and a counter electrode of a discharge device is set to not more than 10 mm such that a streamer discharge is caused between the electrodes. The frequency of sound made by the streamer discharge is raised to 6 kHz or higher to exceed the frequency range which is easily perceivable by human hearing.

Abstract: An ionizing particulate scrubber is provided for the removal of particulate from a gaseous exhaust stream, said scrubber including two sections: a charging section and a collection section. The charging or ionizing section includes one or more cylindrical tubular ground chambers each with a rigid threaded rod electrode extending through the center thereof. A transformer/rectifier (T/R) is provided to supply high voltage DC power to the electrode such that the cylindrical tubular ground chambers act as the ground to enable a corona to form on the threaded rod electrode. As the gas stream passes through the current flowing from the electrode to the cylindrical tubular ground chambers walls, the particulate contained within the stream is electrostatically charged. The collection system includes either a fixed or fluid bed packed section which is constantly irrigated from above. Ground rods in the packing and liquid sump allow the entire section to act as a grounded collector for the charged particulate.

Abstract: A plane type electric precipitator includes an electrode plate of plane shape, made of electricity-conducting material; a collecting plate, parallel to the electrode plate and made of electricity-conducting material; a plurality of electrode units, placed on the electrode plate and having tips; wherein direct electric voltage is applied between the electrode plate and the collecting plate, so that air passing through is exposed to high electric fields close to the tips of the electrode units, ionizing suspended particles and trapping ionized particles at the collecting plate, so that an air-cleaning effect results.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a methods, apparatuses and systems that utilize electric currents to direct the deposition of particulate matter to various surfaces.

Abstract: An ion generating apparatus is built by sandwiching a dielectric layer between an induction electrode and a discharge electrode. The induction electrode is formed of a metal substrate of, for example, aluminum. Even when the apparatus is made larger, it offers improved mechanical strength compared with a conventional structure employing a dielectric layer formed of a ceramic substrate, a brittle material. The dielectric layer is formed of a thin film having an insulation breakdown withstand voltage of 30 V/?m or more and having a thickness of 30 ?m or less. The discharge electrode is formed on the dielectric layer such that the area occupied by the electrode portion of individual line-shaped electrodes is smaller than the area occupied by the non-electrode portion thereof. This helps to make the discharge voltage lower and to reduce the amount of ozone generated by electric discharge.

Abstract: An electrostatic air cleaning device includes an array of electrodes. The electrodes include corona electrodes connected to a suitable source of high voltage so as to generate a corona discharge. Laterally displaced collecting electrodes include one or more bulges that have aerodynamic frontal “upwind” surfaces and airflow disrupting tailing edges downwind that create quite zones for the collection of particulates removed from the air. The bulges may be formed as rounded leading edges on the collecting electrodes and/or as ramped surfaces located, for example, along a midsection of the electrodes. Repelling electrodes positioned between pairs of the collecting electrodes may include similar bulges such as cylindrical or semi-cylindrical leading and/or trailing edges.

Abstract: An air purifier has a simply manufactured and assembled ionizer, which improves the charging efficiency for dust particles using multi-directional discharge and prevents electrical accidents. The air purifier includes an ionizer and a collector. The ionizer includes a first electrode and at least two second electrodes, the first electrode having at least two hollow, semi-cylindrically shaped electrodes, the at least two electrodes being connected successively and in parallel so that the first electrode has a corrugated shape, and the at least two second electrodes are positioned at inner spaces defined by the hollow semi-cylindrically shaped electrodes, respectively. The collector is electrically charged with a polarity opposite to a polarity of charged dust particles.

Abstract: A device is provided for collecting particles from a gas for subsequent analysis with a particle analyzer. The device includes an ionizer with at least one ion-emitting unit which emits ions and a collector for collecting particles charged by the ions. An electrically conductive capturing or collecting device is electrically connected to the collector of the ionizer.

Abstract: An air purifier has a simply manufactured and assembled ionizer, which increases the charging efficiency for dust particles through maximally increased discharge spaces and prevents electrical accidents. The air purifier includes an ionizer and a collector. The ionizer includes two ground electrode units and at least one discharge electrode, the two ground electrode units each having one or more electrodes, each formed in a hollow semi-cylindrical shape, the two ground electrode units being joined to face each other, the at least one discharge electrode being placed in spaces formed between the hollow semi-cylindrically shaped electrodes of the joined ground electrode units, thus charging dust particles passing through the spaces between the hollow semi-cylindrically shaped electrodes. The collector is electrically charged with a polarity opposite to a polarity of the charged dust particles.

Abstract: An electrostatic precipitator that removes zinc whiskers from cooling air provided to cool components in an electronics enclosure. The electrostatic precipitator comprises an ionizer configured to apply a charge to zinc whiskers suspended in the cooling air. The electrostatic precipitator also comprises a collector that collects charged zinc whiskers from the contaminated cooling air to generate uncontaminated cooling air for cooling the components of the electronics enclosure. The electrostatic precipitator is configured to be disposed in the cooling air flow path upstream of the components such that the cooling air travels through the electrostatic precipitator prior to impinging on the components.

Abstract: An adjustable eddy electrostatic precipitator, including a main body, an electrode array, an adjustable opening and a precipitating device. The main body has an inner space with an air guiding plate of helical shape, an entrance for air and an exit for air. The electrode array is placed close to the entrance, ionizing air as well as particles floating therein. The adjustable opening is located at the exit, having an adjustable aperture. The precipitating device is connected with a bias high voltage for adsorbing ionized particles. Air entering the main body through the entrance is ionized, ionizing particles floating therein. Ionized particles are driven towards a single zone and are collected depending on size and charge in an adjustable manner.

Abstract: An electrostatic precipitator, including for a diesel engine electrostatic crankcase ventilation system for blowby gas, includes a corona discharge electrode assembly in a housing, an insulator extending along an internal surface of a wall of the housing, a power supply in the housing on the opposite side of the insulator from the housing wall such that the insulator is between the housing wall and the power supply, and a low voltage lead extending through the housing wall and through the insulator to the power supply, eliminating pass-through of a high voltage lead through the housing wall and through the insulator. The power supply is preferably provided in the hollow interior of the corona discharge electrode assembly.

Abstract: A system massages a user's feet and generates an electro-kinetic airflow that contains safe amounts of ozone that can deodorize the user's feet or socks. The system includes an ion generator comprising a high voltage pulse generator whose output pulses are coupled between left and right first and second electrode arrays. Preferably the first electrode array includes first and second pointed electrodes, and the second electrode array includes annular-like electrodes having a central opening coaxial with the associated pointed electrode. Preferably the annular-like electrodes are formed from a single sheet of metal by extrusion or punching such that the surface of the annular-like electrodes is smooth and continuous through the opening and into a collar region through which the air flows. Particulate matter in the ambient air electrostatically adheres to the smooth continuous surface of the annular-like electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a discharge electrode (1) 5 for use in an electrostatic precipitator in combination with one or more collecting electrodes, wherein the discharge electrode (1) has the form of a tubular element (2). The discharge electrode (1) includes electrode elements (3) that consist of tongues (4) bent out from the wall (5) of said 10 tubular element, said tongues also be bent upwards. The invention also relates to a method of producing the discharge electrode.

Abstract: A discharge electrode for an electrostatic precipitator comprises a collar having two oppositely disposed arms extending radially therefrom, with each radially extending arm terminating in a number of tines at the free end thereof. Each tine is pointed and is curved relative to a plane of the oppositely disposed radially extending arms. Adjacent pairs of tines are oppositely curved relative to the plane of the radially extending arms. The discharge electrode is a single metal pressing. A number of discharge electrodes are securable to an elongate shaft along its length, in an equidistant configuration, to form an electrode discharge assembly for an electrostatic precipitator. The discharge electrodes are securable to the shaft by means of tack welding.

Abstract: A facility for improving the environmental atmosphere of an interior space, which includes a negative ion discharger; a plurality of electric poles connected to the output wires of the negative ion discharger. The aforementioned negative ion discharger is placed in a corner of the interior space, and the plurality of electric poles are situated in the upper part of the interior space. By means of an active carbon layer beneath the floor indoors, an invisible shelter will be formed by the negative ions released from the negative ion discharger. Accordingly, the ion energy will be effectively decreased, and the particle condition of the indoor space will be harmonized.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device has a primary and a secondary coil wound on an I-core, an E-core combined with the I-core and a single output terminal extended from one end of the secondary coil. An electron-emitting electrode includes a stainless steel pipe, an insulator-coated conductor inserted in a pipe, and tourmaline powder filling the gap between the pipe and the conductor. The stainless steel pipe is enclosed in a polyethylene pipe, and the openings of the stainless steel pipe and polyethylene pipe are sealed by silicon resin. The electron-emitting electrode is connected to the output terminal of the electron-emitting device and is submerged in an object to be processed, which is in turn charged negatively and activated by high electrostatic potential.

Abstract: Metal oxides particularly useful for the manufacture of catalytic membranes for gas-phase oxygen separation processes having the formula:

Abstract: An electro-kinetic electro-static air conditioner includes a self-contained ion generator that provides electro-kinetically moved air with ions and safe amounts of ozone. The conditioner may be sized to condition air in a closet, or may include an illumination source and be sized to be attached to an AC wall outlet to provide a night light function as well as a conditioning function. The ion generator includes a high voltage pulse generator whose output pulses are coupled between first and second electrode arrays. Preferably the first array comprises one or more pin-like electrodes and the second array comprises one or more washer-like electrodes. Preferably a ratio between effective area of an electrode in the second array compared to effective area of an electrode in the first array exceeds about 15:1 and preferably is about 20:1. An electric field produced by the high voltage pulses between the arrays produces an electrostatic flow of ionized air containing safe amounts of ozone.

Abstract: A dust collection electrode with catalyst to be provided on the electronic dust collector is manufactured simply at low cost without using a furnace. To the surface of the metal tube of the sheathed heater a low temperature curing type heat resistant inorganic adhesive is applied. Thereafter, a catalyst such as Zeolite is adhered to the heat-resistant inorganic adhesive. Next, the sheathed heater is energized to make self-heating, and using said heating, the heat-resistant inorganic adhesive is heated to cure, thereby fixing the catalyst layer to the surface of the metal tube.

Abstract: The apparatus is formed of a centrifugal force and Coriolis force generating device and a gas and liquid separation device. The centrifugal force and Coriolis force generating device gives high energy to supplied liquid by generating a spirally flowing air stream therein, to thereby ion-dissciate the liquid. Also, it provides energy necessary to micronize and activates the liquid drops with the centrifugal force and Coriolis force acted in the spirally flowing air stream. The activated liquid drops ionize oxygen particles at the gaseous side when electric doublets is oriented on the surface of the liquid drops, thereby causing groups of negative ions to be generated. The gas and liquid separation device separates the gas and liquid sent out from the centrifugal force and Coriolis force generating device and discharges air including negative ions into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A filter apparatus for a reusable one piece filter frame housing and a filter media for use in a forced air ventilating system. The one piece filter frame housing having integrally formed fasteners to releasably secure a replaceable filter media. The filter frame housing further having an "I" beam structure to enhance filter frame strength. The filter frame housing also having an electrostatic charge.

Abstract: A microbe propagation preventing apparatus and a microbe propagation preventing method are provided to prevent an ion from decreasing at a time of decomposing ozone generated by gaseous discharge or ionization so as to sufficiently generate air ion, and to sufficiently prevent propagation of microbes adhering to an object by using the air ion without secondary pollution. Further, in the apparatus and the method, a gas containing the ion is supplied into water so as to prevent the microbe propagation in the water. In the apparatus, an ozone decomposing chamber is mounted to be electrically insulated from an air duct. An electrode to remove a positive ion is mounted to obtain only a negative ion, and extend a lifetime of the obtained ion. An ion supplying portion is mounted to supply an ionized gas into a space housing the object in which microbes can be propagated, and return the ionized gas to an ionization chamber.

Abstract: An electrostatic precipitator assembly is disclosed. The assembly includes a tubular collector and an electrode suspended therein. The electrode includes a substantially cylindrical collector portion and a charging portion which includes a rod and a charging disk, wherein the gap between the charging disk and the collector is at least as great as the gap between the collector portion of the electrode and the collector.

Abstract: The apparatus for dedusting a gas by electrostatic precipitation includes an advantageously steel housing and a plurality of discharge electrodes and collecting electrodes arranged in the housing. Each of the electrodes is made of a ceramic material and has an electrically conducting layer on at least one side thereof. The electrically conducting layer consists of a copper, nickel, bronze or iron-chromium-nickel alloy layer having a thickness of 0.1 to 2 mm. The ceramic material has a porosity of 25 to 90%, consists of fibers compacted with an inorganic binder and contains 30 to 70% by weight Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 15 to 50% by weight SiO.sub.2 and 1 to 10% by weight of the inorganic binder. The discharge and collecting electrodes can be plates with a wall thickness of 5 to 100 mm. The discharge electrodes alternatively are tubular and have a wall thickness of 5 to 30 mm and a diameter of 30 to 100 mm.

Abstract: A system of precipitating dust includes providing a screen arrangement either in the form of a ceiling with walls or in the form of a canopy with the screen being penetrable by air. Inside the screen and particularly adjacent edges of the screen or the canopy there are provided negative ion emitters positioned in rows so as to generate a curtain of ions precipitating the dust from the air onto the ground for collection. Within the screen can be defined either a clean zone or the screen can be used to confine a dust producing process so as to precipitate the dust immediately adjacent the process to prevent it spreading to other areas. Emitters are provided in the form of a carbon fiber yarn which projects outwardly through openings in a channel member with the yarn being doubled back upon itself in some cases to provide a highly directional emission.

Abstract: A silver halide emulsion containing an aldehydebis type magenta coupler and an amide compound.

Abstract: Non-diffusible silver halide development inhibitor releasing thioether compounds in which a color development does not give rise to a substantial formation of permanent dyes are 1,2,5'-.DELTA..sup.2 -thiadiazoline-1,1-dioxide derivatives of the following formula or its tautomeric (.DELTA..sup.3) form: ##STR1## in which X represents an aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic group such that when it is split off together with the sulphur atom of the thioether bridge, it forms a diffusible mercapto compound capable of inhibiting the development of the silver halide;R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or a heterocyclic group andR.sup.2 represents hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, a heterocyclic group or preferably acyl.

Abstract: Process for forming high-contrast silver images which comprises treating a light-sensitive silver halide photographic material provided with a hydrophilic colloidal layer containing a silver halide emulsion layer coated on a support and containing a tetrazolium compound, after imagewise exposure, with a developer and/or a processing solution prior to the developing, both of which contains at least a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound substituted with at least mercapto, thioketone or thioether group.

Abstract: A negative image silver halide photographic emulsion comprising substantially surface latent image-type silver chlorobromide or silver chlorobromoiodide grains with an iodide content of up to about 7 mol%, wherein the mean grain size of the silver halide grains is not greater than about 0.7.mu., a binder is present in an amount of not more than about 250 g per mol of silver halide, and at least one compound represented by the following general formula (I):r.sup.1 nhnhcho (i)wherein R.sup.1 represents an aryl group.

Abstract: A photographic element comprising a support, a layer containing certain photographically useful fragments and a layer containing a dye mordant composition comprising a polymer having recurring units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: A comprises polymerized units of ethylenically unsaturated monomers;R is H or alkyl;R.sup.1 is H, alkyl or is a group containing at least one atomatic nucleus;Q is a linking group;Y is H or an inert group;X is a leaving group;E and F are the atoms necesary to complete a 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring;N is 0 to 2;M is 1 to 3;P is 0 or 1;X is 0 to 90 weight percent; andY is 10 to 100 weight percent of the polymer.The polymeric mordants covalently bond with dyes or dye precursors and are especially useful in diffusion transfer processes.

Abstract: Presensitized printing plates for lithographic printing which comprise an aluminum support having an anodically oxidized aluminum oxide film thereon and a light-sensitive layer containing internal latent image type silver halide grains which are not fogged on the anodically oxidized aluminum oxide film on the support.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material containing at least one negative image silver halide photographic emulsion layer comprising silver halide grains that have an average grain size of not more than about 0.7 .mu. and are substantially of the surface latent image type and containing a binder in an amount of not more than about 250 g per mol of silver halide, and containing a compound represented by the following general formula (I):r.sup.1 nhnhcor.sup.2 (i)wherein R.sup.1 represents an aryl group; and R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group or an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; in at least one of the hydrophilic colloid layers, and a compound represented by the following general formula (II) or (III): ##STR1## wherein Y represents a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom or a divalent residue; --NR.sup.4 --, wherein R.sup.

Abstract: A multilayer silver halide color photographic material submissive to rapid silver removal containing, in at least one layer, a salt of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of organic compounds containing sulfur such as, for example, mercaptotriazoles and the like and heterocyclic compounds containing no sulfur such as, for example, imidazole compounds and the like with at least one heavy metal ion such as, for example, ions of silver, zinc, cobalt and the like.