Abstract: A grain scratcher-moisturizer apparatus has an outlet connected by a screw conveyor to the infeed of a steam flaker assembly to provide substantial savings in the cost of treating feed grain. The scratcher-moisturizer has two driven parallel horizontal cylindrical rolls having closely spaced spiral grooves in their surfaces for receiving the base of a saw blade so that the teeth of the blade extend outwardly and are canted in the direction of rotation of the roll. Individual pivotal metal deflectors are mounted adjacent a respective cylindrical roll and grain is fed onto the driven rolls which hurl it against the deflector which deflect the grain back toward the roll.

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing particulate livestock feed with a viscous fluid such as syrup, the apparatus including a drum for receiving feed, "U-shaped mixing blades contained in the drum and mounted on a rotatable shaft for agitating and mixing the feed, a fluid pump for pumping syrup into the mixing drum, an outlet connected to the mixing drum at the end opposite the inlet of the livestock feed to the mixing drum, and an auger conveyer located beneath said outlet for conveying the mixture of feed and fluid to a desired location, the apparatus being inclined at an acute angle with the horizontal to position the outlet of the mixing drum at a height lower than the inlet.

Abstract: Buttermilk curd is continuously manufactured by heating whey in a tank to a temperature below that at which curd will form, preferably 75.degree. C., and pumping the heated whey to a treatment channel through a heating chamber in proximity thereto. The whey is further heated in the heating chamber to a temperature suitable for curd formation, preferably 85.degree. C., and is sprayed in the treatment chamber with a coagulant liquid, the resulting curd being swept along the channel by an endless blade conveyor to an endless band conveyor which conveys the curd to a discharge station. The apparatus disclosed includes two tanks to which whey is alternately supplied and in which the whey is heated to ensure a continuous supply of heated whey to the heating chamber. The whey from the heating chamber enters the treatment channel through a perforated partition in proximity to which are located spray nozzles for the coagulant liquid.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing black ripe olives is provided which comprises periodically introducing an alkaline solution, having a concentration of about 0.45% to 0.7% alkaline for fresh cure olives and 0.9% to 1.2% for storage olives, into a processing tank containing olives to be processed. The olives are agitated in the solution and thereafter the solution is drained from the tank leaving the olives dry in the tank for a period of time before reintroducing the alkaline solution. After repeating the wet-dry cycle a number of times, the blackened ripe olives are rinsed with fresh water. The alkaline solution contains lye (sodium hydroxide) and is retained in a separate storage tank at the completion of each period of wetting the olives. The alkaline solution is periodically strengthened to a desired concentration. The agitation results from bubbling high pressure air into the processing tank below the olives.

Abstract: For supplying a desired amount of ammonia to a straw bale, particularly a large round bale, in order to convert the straw material into a feedstuff, the bale is subjected to an ammonia injection treatment in direct association with the bale being reloaded from a local receiving position to a final storing position by a tractor fitted with a suitable bale carrier implement. The bale carrier implement may comprise carrier spears which are provided with injector for supplying the ammonia to the interior of the bales from an ammonia tank carried by the tractor itself.

Abstract: A vertical soak tank wherein a downwardly moving compact bed of solids is contacted with liquid which floods the bed, includes mechanical components to level the solids and assure that they are maintained in a first-in first-out basis by an incoming materials distributor having inverted cones and rotating levelling rods and bars. The tank has a unique seal between a rotating bottom disc and the side walls, as well as improved means for access to the internal components. The tank also has a weighing system utilizing an external load cell to weigh the solids independently of the liquid in the tank.

Abstract: A mixture of steam and a concentrated solution of an alkali carbonate are continuously injected under pressure into a cocoa mass in a tube, whereby the carbonate reacts with the cocoa mass under pressure in the tube at at least 120.degree. C. to form a reacted mass mixture, which mixture is subjected to sudden expansion and then dried with stirring until a dried solubilized liquor is ultimately obtained.

Abstract: There is provided a method for tenderizing cut portions of meat, wherein the portions are slit by passing the portions into a plurality of rotating slitting blades having a plurality of discrete cutting surfaces on each slitting blade along the periphery thereof. A series of closely spaced first cut slits are produced from at least one surface into the said portions. The portions are then sprayed with a tenderizer solution containing a tenderizing phosphate, and the solution penetrates into and is retained in the said first slits. Further slitting of the portions is achieved by passing the portions into a further assembly of the rotating slitting blades and a series of closely spaced further cut slits are placed on the portions. The further slits are close to or in part overlap the first slits and the solution penetrates from or flows from the first slits into the said further slits during the further slitting and subsequent thereto. Immediately thereafter the portions are packaged and fast frozen.

Abstract: An apparatus for facilitating separation of peel from fruit in which the fruit is sequentially loaded into a plurality of pockets extending around the circumference of a vertical, rotating reel. The reel is mounted in a tank holding a caustic treating solution so that the fruit in the pockets is carried downwardly into the solution as the reel rotates. Incoming fruit is conveyed into a receiving tank containing the solution so that the solution cushions the fall of the fruit from the conveyor. The solution is heated and recirculated into the receiving tank thereby carrying the fruit over a weir and into the pockets in the reel. The pockets are formed by a plurality of spaced apart paddles or dividers extending from a relatively large hub to the outer periphery of the wheel. The inner portions of the paddles are perforated so that the solution flows between pockets and through the fruit which, being less dense than the solution, is urged toward the hub by buoyant forces.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in the continuous treatment of cellulosic matter to improve the digestibility thereof, comprising means for receiving finely divided cellulosic matter, acidic process chemicals, and steam; a first attrition mill wherein the steam, cellulosic matter, and process chemicals are intimately mixed and initially reacted; a reactor with rotatable sweeps therein to complete the reaction; and a second attrition mill wherein the reacted material is neutralized to the desired level.

Abstract: A liquid feed stock containing oil is deodorized in a semicontinuous process wherein the feed stock, in a first evacuated chamber, undergoes heat exchange with a deodorized stock in a second evacuated chamber, said stocks being circulated in their respective chambers by upwardly flowing steam introduced into each chamber between a partition, separating the two chambers, and a guide plate parallel to said partition and spaced therefrom, whereafter said feed stock is passed through a succession of steam heating stages to heat said feed stock to successively higher temperatures thereby deodorizing the feed stock and then withdrawn as deodorized stock and recirculated as deodorized stock to said second evacuated chamber to undergo heat exchange with said feed stock.

Abstract: The above-captioned compounds, prepared by coupling of a protected L-aspartic acid derivative with the appropriate amine followed by cleavage of the protecting groups, are potent sweetening agents and exhibit also pharmacological, e.g. anti-inflammatory, properties.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing the skins from fruit (including vegetables) where the fruit has an elongated shape being substantially cylindrical or egg shaped, and which are particularly suitable for removing the skins from Chinese gooseberries (Actinidia Chinensis). The apparatus comprises a heated lye bath for loosening the fruit skin, washing means for removing the loosened skin and conveying means for separately conveying each fruit through the lye bath and the washing means. The conveying means comprises an endless drive loop having projecting dividers adapted to separate and propel each fruit in use. The apparatus includes guide means in the lye bath and through the the washing means defining a path followed by the fruit. The dividers tend to roll the fruit along said path when the fruits contact the guide means.