Abstract: A signalling aapparatus for a motor vehicle is provided with communication means for receiving information coming from another motor vehicle and for broadcasting information intended for a nearby motor vehicle, and with sensor means for providing inforation about the status or status change of thr respective motor vehicle with regard to at least the safety of this vehicle. A computer is present for determining, on the ground of the information coming from the sensor means and/or on the ground of the received information, information to be broadcast and further action signals. In addition, means are present to enable, on the ground of the action signals, realization of a status change of the respective motor vehicle, which means are formed by a signalling element for making observable a signalling knowable for the driver of the vehicle or of a nearby vehicle.

Abstract: A system for carrying out research on a drivable vehicle or a component thereof, comprising: a test stand on which the vehicle or the component can be positioned, which vehicle or which component is provided with at least one sensor for receiving signals from the environment of the said vehicle or of the said component, at least one object which is situated in the vicinity of the test stand, means for generating a relative movement between the test stand and the at least one object, and a control computer for coordinating the relative movement between the test stand and the object.

Abstract: A system for carrying out research on a drivable vehicle or a component thereof, includes: a test stand on which the vehicle or the component can be positioned, which vehicle or which component is provided with at least one sensor for receiving signals from the environment of the vehicle or of the component, at least one object which is situated in the vicinity of the test stand, elements for generating a relative movement between the test stand and the at least one object, and a control computer for coordinating the relative movement between the test stand and the object.

Abstract: A bottom dispensing package for a liquid composition includes a resiliently squeezable container for housing the liquid composition; and a base operably connected to the container, wherein the base comprises an orifice. The body of the base is at least partially made from an elastomer. The elastomer used in the base has a Shore A (Type A) hardness of from about 0 to about 80, and the shore A hardness is measured using the method described in ISO 868:2003.

Abstract: The need for a bottom dispensing packaging that can more easily reflate to its original shape, even when used with containers which are more flexible, is met when the container is provided with a one-way vent which allows the ingress of air into the container while preventing the egress of air from the container.

Abstract: The need for a durable environmentally-friendly dispensing package which is easy to dispense from, while having sufficient elasticity to return back to its original shape after dispensing, while also being easy to clean, and having reduced or no leakage during use, is met by making the container of a reversibly squeezable material and by providing rigid top and bottom rings fixedly attached to the squeezable material.

Abstract: The need for an improved durable bottom dispensing package that incorporates elastomer materials within the container, while enabling users to accurately dose both small and large quantities of the composition contained within, is met by forming the container of the bottom-dispensing package such that the container wall has a wider portion, such that at least part of the exterior surface of the container has a convex shape, and a narrow portion, such that at least part of the exterior surface of the container wall has a concave shape which is narrower than the adjacent parts of the container.

Abstract: The need for a durable bottom dispensing package which is easy to dispense from, while having sufficient elasticity to return back to its original shape after dispensing, while also being easy to clean, and having reduced or no leakage during use, is met by making the container of the bottom dispensing package from an elastomer, and providing the interior surface of the container with at least one circumferentially oriented groove.