Abstract: Disclosed herein is an experiment apparatus for estimating ground deformation during gas hydrate recovery. The experiment apparatus may include: a high-pressure cell having a space in which a sample containing gas hydrate is stored; a recovery member inserted into the sample so as to recover the gas hydrate contained in the sample to the outside; and a transparent region formed at one or more parts facing the space of the high-pressure cell, such that the sample stored in the space is observed from outside.

Abstract: Motion picture images are photographed at forty-eight frames per second, onto motion picture film in the thirty-five millimeter, two-perforation format. These film images are then converted to digital images and re-sized to accommodate an aspect ratio used for wide-screen motion picture exhibition. During exhibition, the images are projected digitally in the 1080 by 2048 or other commercially-used digital exhibition format. The server used for such exhibition is 3D compatible, although the interleaving feature used for three-dimensional exhibition is not used in the present invention. Instead, forty-eight discrete images are projected during each second, matching the forty-eight discrete images per second originally photographed on motion picture film in the practice of this invention. Thus, the present invention combines advantages of film photography in an economical film format with advantages of digital exhibition to theatrical motion picture audiences.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a video conversion device including a color characteristic memory, a color characteristic correction processor, a selector, and a controller.

Abstract: A new camera bellows of a rotating-mirror framing camera, without principle errors such as defocusing error of imaging points, non-uniform photographic frequency and each axial chief ray of exit-pupil and the corresponding relay lens being different with a corresponding reflective optical axis, is provided. This kind of camera bellows is carried out through centers of the exit-pupil diaphragms being disposed on a cylindrical surface aligned with a first Pascal spiral line, and principal points of the relay lenses of the relay lens array and the image recording surface being disposed on cylindrical surfaces aligned with second and third Pascal spiral lines respectively. The bellows is mainly composed of a box, and an aperture diaphragm, a field lens, a rotating mirror, a relay lens array, an exit-pupil diaphragm array and a record image surface.

Abstract: A method is disclosed whereby existing on future motion picture films are modified for exhibition at frame rates significantly higher than those used for general theatrical release. Films photographed at customary frame rates (such as 24 frames per second) are printed, with each frame printed twice, onto film for exhibition. The resulting film is shown at double the original frame rate (48 frames per second, for example). The method disclosed here allows more light to pass through the film than is possible with conventional projection methods. The method disclosed here is also compatible with any standard or nonstandard film size or aspect ratio. This method also allows light brightness to be varied for certain scenes or sequences, thereby allowing the viewers to perceive different amounts of visual impact for different scenes or sequences, a feature not available through conventional motion picture exhibition methods.

Abstract: A telescopic firearm scope/sight which is fully integrated with a compact digital camera, and which has size, shape and weight characteristics that are substantially the same as those of a conventional, camera-less telescopic scope, is used to photograph a target proximate the instant at which the target is fired upon. To configure the weapon for photography and firing, the scope is simply placed on the firearm in the same manner as a conventional scope, and the firearm is then fired in the conventional manner. Photographs are recorded, alternatively, in response to the sound of, or the recoil from, the firearm firing.

Abstract: A method is disclosed whereby film images designed to produce a high-impact effect upon the members of an audience viewing a motion picture film are composited with other images designed to provide the conventional cinematic effect upon such audience members. "High-impact" film images photographed at forty-eight frames per second are composited with "conventional" images photographed at the traditional motion picture rate of twenty-four frames per second, with such images superimposed onto the same film frame. Certain portions of the motion picture image seen by the audience deliver a greater illusion of reality than other portions of the same motion picture image. In addition, the method described can accommodate the intercutting of discrete scenes presenting either high-impact or conventional cinema experience. The method disclosed here also allows easy conversion of films to the conventional twenty-four frames per second rate associated with conventional motion picture release and distribution.

Abstract: A propellant sample combustion apparatus employing a multiply optical ported pressure vessel for sample illumination, sample viewing, and sample burn face elevation is described. High-Speed motion picture filming using short-duration high-intensity laser provided optical illumination from a copper-vapor laser is employed. Details of the employed pressure vessel, a burn inhibiting coating for the propellant sample, a laser coherance spoiler, and a sample level maintaining closed-loop apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: A system for photographing circumferential surfaces of revolution of solid objects such as core samples is of a type in which an object is rotated so as to progressively present the surface to a fixed photographic device in which a film is moved at a linear velocity synchronously with the speed of rotation of the object. The apparatus is characterized in that it includes a spray conduit for the humidification of the object during photography and a liquid tank and roller assembly for forming a thin film of fluid over the entire circumferential surface of the object during the photography thereof.

Abstract: A panoramic motion picture camera for continuously nonintermittently exposing a filmstrip in which a camera body assembly includes a stationary housing portion and a rotatable housing portion, the rotatable housing portion including an upper housing section and a lower housing section rotatable about an axis of rotation. Camera components including a lens means, a film gate, a main film sprocket, a film supply sprocket, and film idler spools providing a film path are enclosed within the upper housing section while a film supply reel and film take-up reel coaxially arranged and in spaced planar zones are contained within the lower housing section of the rotatable portion. Bidirectional film spools translate the filmstrip from the supply reel to the film path provided in the upper housing section and then to the film take-up reel at the lower part of the lower housing section.

Abstract: Laser diode marker for high speed cinematography.It comprises a power laser diode operating in pulse-like manner, electronic control means of the laser diode enabling the latter to emit a light signal and means for transmitting the latter to a photosensitive circuit with which the camera used is provided.Application to the time marking of events.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for showing motion in a single color photograph in which motion of an object is shown by displaced images of the object in different colors. The scene to be photographed is illuminated by a light source including a plurality of light units emitting light of differing spectral composition. The light units are individually and sequentially activated, the light emitted from all of the units appearing to be emitted from substantially the same location. The flashing of the light units is controlled by a timer. The resulting photograph shows the non-moving objects in a color which is the composite of the spectral composition of all of the light units, typically the natural color. The movement of an object is shown by a spaced series of sharp images of that object in a variety of colors. The color sequence corresponds to the sequence of the flashes of the light units.

Abstract: A high-speed photographic device including a spark-discharge flash light unit according to Cranz-Schardin slow-motion camera having an optical projecting and deflecting system for reproducing individual consecutively ignited spark discharges on an image plane is to be adjusted for optimum operation.The device for adjusting the optical system includes a pulse generator connected to ignition control means for the spark gaps and operating at a repetition rate to ignite simultaneously the spark gaps so as to produce a flicker-free test image of all spark discharges on the image plane.

Abstract: The disclosed film speed control system for high speed motion picture cameras includes an actual film speed signal source, a selected film speed signal source, a charge pump integrated circuit responsive to the actual film speed signal to produce an output signal linearly related to the actual film speed signal, and a comparing circuit for comparing the charge pump output signal with the selected film speed signal.

Abstract: A motion picture camera of the type which advances the film through a film gate in a stop-and-go motion and particularly designed for high speed operation, and comprising a film drive mechanism having a sprocket and two guide assemblies for forming and guiding a loop of film through the film gate, one of the guide assemblies being mounted on an eccentric for continuous rotation while moving the loop of film against a stationary registration pin in intermittent fashion, the registration pin being disposed for insertion through a perforation of the film when the eccentric crosses dead center, and the other guide assembly being a compact structure for cooperating with the first guide assembly to reduce any accumulation of the composite error in the perforations of the film; the camera is also constructed in two sections which are removably secured together by a release mechanism which is readily separable by one hand of the operator of the camera, one section of the camera containing a film supply reel and take-

Abstract: A three-dimensional photographic system includes a source of pulsed-optical radiation characterized by an output optical pulse of risetime length less than the depth resolution desired of an object to be photographed. The pulse is directed on the object; the reflected radiation from the object is collected by an array of optical lenslets (lenticular plate), which forms a corresponding array of images of the object. This array of images is streaked, for example, by a streaking image converter tube, to form a corresponding array of streaked images in accordance with the said array of images of the object as a function of time. The array of streaked images is then recorded by a photographic film camera on other recording means; the recorded film can then be analyzed or viewed with human eyes for the purpose of three-dimensional analysis or viewing of the object.

Abstract: A camera which includes film transport means for moving a strip of film past a lens and shutter assembly in a stepwise, frame by frame sequence, with the film being maintained stationary when the shutter is in the open position. A toothed driven gear is in operative engagement with a film driven reel. A mutilated drive gear having a toothed portion with an end gear tooth and a smooth peripheral portion is rotated in time relationship with the opening and closing of the shutter. The driven gear contains a space between adjacent gear teeth (as by removing one gear tooth) whereby the end tooth of the drive gear is received in said space to facilitate the smooth "meshing" of the drive gear with the driven gear.

Abstract: A photographing- or playback- device for a continuous photo picture carrier which is moved along a guide track by means of a drive device, particularly for motion picture film, with an optical imaging system and at least one mirrored surface which is movable about an axis, particularly a polygonal set of mirrors for the optical equalization of the image shifting as well as a light source if necessary. In the optical path between the guide track of the picture carrier and the mirror there is provided a partially-mirrored surface, which surface is inclined relative to the optical path and forms a part of an autocollimation system. By the partially-mirrored surface a part of the beam rays is deflectable, whereby the axis of the optical imaging system runs inclined or transverse relative to the beam axis (which beam axis runs between the guide track and the mirror) and runs to, or respectively from, the partially-mirrored surface, and the axis of the mirror also is arranged on the beam axis.

Abstract: A motor driving the shutter of a motion-picture camera is intermittently energizable under the control of two time-constant networks triggering respective pulse generators of the one-shot type, the first time-constant network including a photoresistor to measure an exposure interval dependent upon luminous intensity, the second time-constant network being adjustable to establish a selected recurrence period. With the shutter arrested in an unblocking position at the start of an operating cycle, which coincides with the beginning of an exposure interval, a pulse from the first generator releases the shutter for movement into a blocking position until a pulse from the second generator restarts the cycle by letting the shutter return to its unblocking position.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating a variable pulse width code of at lt three binary coded decimal digits at a rate sufficiently greater than the film speed of a movie camera to cause a single light source in the camera to record in a continuous sequence all the bits of the three digits on the edge of a film in the camera adjacent each frame.

Abstract: The camera has first and second sprocket rollers for passing film into and receiving film from a film gate which are positively geared together to assure uniform tension and thus avoid frame line movement. In addition, an optical prism arrangement is provided providing a folded optical path to enable accommodation of a longer back focus objective lens length than could otherwise be accommodated within a given camera casing size. A rotating multi-surfaced prism is mounted on the same shaft as one of the sprocket rollers to cause image movement through the film gate with movement of the film so that continuous film movement can be realized. A rotatable shutter intercepts the light to the film gate and is positively interconnected with rotation of the multi-surfaced prism and sprocket rollers such that a series of images can be successively photographed during continuous film movement.

Abstract: A motion picture camera having a film transport mechanism driven by an electric motor having an electronic speed control circuit which may be controlled by the camera operator so as to modify the speed of the motor and consequently the film transport velocity for the selection of various picture frequencies or frames per unit of time both above and below a normal picture frequency for normal shooting thereby permitting both time lapse and slow motion photography during use, the motor speed control circuit permitting the motor to be returned to its normal film speed automatically, together with an automatic aperture control circuit and a picture frequency indicator which may be observed by the operator during the operation of the camera.