Abstract: A process for the preparation of 4-(2-hydroxyalkyl)-2-piperazinones and their substituted derivatives comprising reacting an N-hydroxyalkylalkylenediamine, e.g. 2-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]ethanol, or a hydrocarbyl substituted derivative thereof with an .alpha.,.beta.-dicarbonyl compound, e.g. glyoxal, an alkyl-substituted derivative of glyoxal or a glyoxal equivalent. Certain hexahydro-4-(hydroxyalkyl)-2H-1,4-diazepin-2-ones have been made which are new compounds.

Abstract: The surface of a polymer is treated to improve the adherence of paint, ink and glue thereto by contacting its surface with a solution of an ortho-benzoquinone or it substituted derivative together with an organic carboxyic acid or its anhydride or cyanic or thiocyanic acid in an inert organic solvent.

Abstract: The oxychlorination process for producing ethylene dichloride is carried out by reacting ethylene with hydrogen chloride and oxygen in an oxychlorination reactor. Thereby, ethyl chloride and perhaps vinyl chloride are produced as by-products. The effluent from the reactor is at least fractionated into an ethylene dichloride-rich fraction (I) and an ethyl chloride-rich fraction (II) so that fraction (I) contains less than 50 percent of the total weight of ethyl chloride produced in step (a) and the sum of the weight of ethylene dichloride and vinyl chloride in fraction (II) is less than 30 percent of the weight of ethyl chloride in fraction (II). The ethyl chloride-rich fraction (II) is subjected to a cracking reaction in the presence or absence of an inert diluent wherein ethyl chloride is converted into ethylene and hydrogen chloride in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: The 4-(2-hydroxyalkyl)-2-piperazinones and their substituted derivatives are prepared by reacting a decahydropyrazino[2,3-b]pyrazine or its substituted derivative having at least one active amine hydrogen, with an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 4-(2-hydroxyalkyl)-2-piperazinones and their substituted derivatives comprising reacting an N-hydroxyalkylalkylenediamine, e.g.2-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]ethanol, or a hydrocarbyl substituted derivative thereof with an .alpha.,.beta.-dicarbonyl compound, e.g. glyoxal, an alkyl-substituted derivative of glyoxal or a glyoxal equivalent. Certain hexahydro-4-(hydroxyalkyl)-2H-1,4-diazepin-2-ones have been made which are new compounds.

Abstract: Polyurethane articles of manufacture are treated so as to make their surfaces more adherent to paint by contacting the surfaces of the articles with a solution of phosphoric acid in a low molecular weight organic solvent, e.g. a carboxylic acid ester such as ethyl acetate. The treated article is then dried at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: Polymeric articles made of, for example, polyethylene and copolymers of ethylene, are made more adherent to paint or dyes by first nitrating the polymer, then shaping or forming it in a mould having a polar surface and finally, cooling it in contact with that surface, or extruding a nitrated polymer onto a polar surface and allowing to cool in contact with that surface.

Abstract: A dehydrogenation catalyst containing iron and promoted with potassium and cerium has been shown to have improved activity when a copper compound is added thereto as a component. The improvement in activity is obtained without substantially sacrificing selectivity.

Abstract: A method of regenerating a deactivated fluorocarbonsulfonic acid polymer catalyst by contacting the deactivated catalyst with a solvent combination wherein a first solvent swells the structure of the polymer and the other acts as a diluent to modify the swelling action of the first. The combination dissolves the deactivating components.

Abstract: Inhibition of calcium scale under the extreme temperature conditions found in pulp digesters has been accomplished by employing certain mixtures of polaminopoly(alkylenephosphonic acids) together with nonionic surfactants. Diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid) together with a polyethoxynonylphenol has been found especially effective for the purpose.

Abstract: Cement compositions having better and longer lasting workability have been made by adding to said compositions a polymer or copolymer of a hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylate, e.g. hydroxyethyl acrylate or methacrylate. Further improvement is achieved by adding a water reducer, e.g. sulfonated polystyrene, and an antifoam agent, e.g. a polyalkylenepolyol.

Abstract: Triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid is used as a builder in combination with a surfactant or mixture of surfactants to provide a detergent composition having excellent properties. In the series of ethyleneaminopolycarboxylic acids triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid was found unexpectedly superior as a substitute for nitrilotriacetic acid as a builder in detergent formulations.

Abstract: A method of removing SO.sub.2 from a gas stream containing the same by absorbing the SO.sub.2 in an aqueous solution containing a 4-(2-hydroxyalkyl)-2-piperazinone compound or an alkyl or aryl substituted derivative thereof. These compounds provide an absorbent solution which is less subject to loss during the regeneration step and yet effectively remove the SO.sub.2 from the gas stream without interference from other associated gases.

Abstract: A new process for making polyketones which comprises reacting a diacylaromatic compound with a bis(trichloromethylketone) compound in the presence of a basic catalyst. New poly-.beta.-diketones have been prepared using the process.

Abstract: The precipitation of iron and aluminum from their solutions in strong acids, eg. 18% HCl and 25% H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, is accomplished by adding to the acid solution certain organic aminophosphonic acids in which at least 50% of the amine hydrogens have been substituted with methylenephosphonic acid groups. Particularly preferred compounds are the methylenephosphonic acid derivatives of ammonia and polyalkylenepolyaminepoly(methylenephosphonic acids). The completely phosphonomethylated derivatives are most preferred.

Abstract: An improved dehydrogenation catalyst, useful in converting alkylaromatics to alkenylaromatics, e.g. ethylbenzene to styrene, has been discovered which contains lower amounts of iron and relatively larger amounts of cerium and potassium than those known to the art.

Abstract: New derivatives of polyamidoamines which contain at least one phosphonic, alkylphosphonic, hydroxyalkyl, carboxyalkly, alkylsulfonic or salts of the acid groups as substituents on a nitrogen are useful as chelating and/or threshold agents for preventing precipitation of metal ions. The preferred agents contain phosphonic acid groups or their salts.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for removal of toxins and oil from cottonseed by contact of the toxin/oil containing cottonseed with a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent and a protic or aprotic solvent. Batch, semicontinuous and continuous methods of contacting are also described.

Abstract: An improved superplasticizer comprising the combination of a sulfonated copolymer of styrene and alpha-methylstyrene together with a minor amount of a salt of gluconic acid.

Abstract: N-Pyrazinyl-haloacetamide having insecticidal, herbicidal, or fungicidal activity. The compound has the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, halogen, epoxy, hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylthio, nitro, cyano or amino; R' is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl; X is halogen; m is an integer from 1 to 4; and n is 0, 1 or 2. The compound may also be a tautomer or acid addition salt of this formula.