Abstract: A two step sulfur removal comprising a mild hydrotreating step followed by an extraction step reduces the sulfur content in gasoline to a very low level without significantly reducing the octane of the gasoline.

Abstract: A process is provided for catalyst dehydrogenation of light paraffinic hydrocarbons using a catalyst comprising a noble metal and an intermediate pore size zeolite having a specified alkali content. The catalyst is sulfur tolerant, so that the dehydrogenation process can be carried out in the presence of sulfur or with periodic exposure to sulfur.

Abstract: A thermowell assembly and method which allows for arresting leakage in the case a thermowell begins to leak in a hydroprocessing process without having to shut down a flow of a hydrocarbon feed stream through a hydroconversion reaction zone in the hydroprocessing process. The thermowell assembly comprises a first hollow sleeve section which supports a thermowell member, a ferrule sealing member which engages the first hollow sleeve section, a second generally cup-shaped second sleeve section wherethrough a thermocouple member slidably passes, and an outer sleeve member for maintaining the union of the first sleeve section, the ferrule sealing member, and the second sleeve section. The method comprises severing and/or removing the thermocouple member from the commenced-leaking thermowell member and placing a high pressure cap over an aperture left vacant by the thermocouple member to seal-off the leaking thermowell member from the atmosphere.

Abstract: A light-weight and easily manufacturable catalyst support structure is provided, which allows fluid flow into a catalyst bed in uniform distribution. The support structure is formed in a cone-like shape in which the diameter enlarges upward. The support structure comprises a shell-like support member, a first mesh layer comprising thick mesh elements, and a second mesh layer having a mesh size which does not allow catalytic particulates to pass through. The first mesh layer overlays the support member, and the second mesh layer overlays the first mesh layer. The shell-like support member includes a circular bottom plate extending perpendicular to the center line of the reactor, and a side wall having a truncated cone shape which extends upward from the edge of the bottom plate. The bottom plate and the side wall are primarily made of perforated plates through which the fluid passes. A plurality of cylindrical flow guides of different diameters are provided underneath the shell-like support member.

Abstract: This invention makes possible substantially continuous flow of uniformly distributed hydrogen and hydrocarbon liquid across a densely packed catalyst bed to fill substantially the entire volume of a reactor vessel by introducing the fluids as alternate annular rings of gas and liquid (i.e. a mixture of liquid hydrocarbon and a hydrogen-containing gas) at a rate insufficient to levitate or ebullate the catalyst bed. Catalyst are selected by density, shape and size at a design feed rate of liquids and gas to prevent ebullation of the packed bed at the design feed rates. Catalysts are selected by measuring bed expansion, such as in a large pilot plant run, with hydrocarbon, hydrogen, and catalyst at the design pressures and flow velocities. The liquid and gas components of the feed flow into the bed in alternate annular rings across the full area of the bed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new crystalline zeolite SSZ-41 which comprises oxides of (1) silicon or a mixture of silicon and germanium, and (2) zinc, said zinc being present in an amount from about 2 wt % to about 5 wt % of zinc metal based on the total weight of metals in said zeolite. Zeolite SSZ-41 may also optionally contain oxides of aluminum, iron, gallium or mixtures thereof. Zeolite SSZ-41 has the X-ray diffraction lines of Table I and has an argon adsorption capacity of at least about 0.06 g/g argon at 87.degree. K. Also disclosed are methods of making and using zeolite SSZ-41.

Abstract: This invention makes possible substantially continuous flow of uniformly distributed hydrogen and hydrocarbon liquid across a densely packed catalyst bed to fill substantially the entire volume of a reactor vessel by introducing the fluids as alternate annular rings of gas and liquid (i.e. a mixture of liquid hydrocarbon and a hydrogen-containing gas) at a rate insufficient to levitate or ebullate the catalyst bed. Catalyst are selected by density, shape and size at a design feed rate of liquids and gas to prevent ebullation of the packed bed at the design feed rates. The liquid and gas components of the hydrocarbon feed flow into the catalyst bed from concentric annular rings that are coaxial with the catalyst bed. At the desired hydrocarbon flow rate, such catalyst bed continually flows in a plug-like manner downwardly through the reactor vessel. Catalyst is removed on a periodic or semicontinuous basis by laminarly flowing catalyst particles in a liquid stream out of the bottom of the catalyst bed.

Abstract: The NOx content of FCC regenerator flue gas is reduced using a spinel/perovskite additive which maintains activity during FCC operation in the presence of high levels of sulfur oxides and oxygen. Additionally, a stabilization component may be added to enhance catalytic stability of the additive, and a cracking component may be added under conditions of low reducing agents in the regenerator flue gas.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite from a reaction mixture containing only sufficient water so that the reaction mixture may be shaped if desired. In the method, the reaction mixture is heated at crystallization conditions and in the absence of an external liquid phase, so that excess liquid need not be removed from the crystallized material prior to drying the crystals.

Abstract: An aluminophosphate-type molecular sieve is prepared using a templating agent derived for an organosulfonium cation of the form S.sup.+ (R).sub.3, wherein each R is independently selected from alkyl, aryl and alkylaryl.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing a high quality lubricating oil base stock with a catalyst having a high viscosity index selectivity and low fouling rate. The catalyst contains a low amount of zeolite, and has a pore size distribution characterized by a significant amount of large pores.

Abstract: A light-weight and easily manufacturable catalyst support structure is provided, which allows fluid flow into a catalyst bed in uniform distribution. The support structure, used for supporting a moving catalyst bed within a moving bed reactor having an upward flowing fluid phase, is formed in a cone-like shape in which the diameter enlarges upward. The supporting structure comprises a shell-like support member, a first mesh layer comprising thick mesh elements, and a second mesh layer having a mesh size which does not allow catalyst particles to pass through. The first mesh layer overlays the support member, and the second mesh layer overlays the first mesh layer. The shell-like support member includes a circular bottom plate extending perpendicular to the center line of the reactor, and a side wall having a truncated cone shape which extends upward from the edge of the bottom plate. The bottom plate and the side wall are primarily made of perforated plates through which the fluid passes.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing an isoparaffin white oil by contacting a refinery stream, in the presence of hydrogen, with a catalyst comprising an intermediate pore size silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve and a hydrogenation component to form a dewaxed oil product. The dewaxed oil product is then contacted with a hydrogenation catalyst to produce a hydrogenated oil product which is then treated to remove aromatics to produce an isoparaffin white oil.

Abstract: A process is provided for controlling volatile organic compound emissions from rotating and reciprocating mechanical equipment. The process comprises a vapor flow, a combustion, and a flow control for preventing combustion of the volatile organic compound within the system.

Abstract: Heavy waxy oil is dewaxed by a mild cracking and isomerization process using a catalyst comprising SSZ-32 and at least one Group VIII metal. The heavy oil contains naphthenic wax, which includes only a relatively small amount of normal alkanes. Naphthenic wax containing a minor amount of oil may also be dewaxed using the process.

Abstract: A system is provided for controlling volatile organic compound emissions from rotating and reciprocating mechanical equipment. The system comprises a vapor flow, a combustor, and a device for preventing combustion of the volatile organic compound within the system.

Abstract: A crystalline zeolite SSZ-32 of novel composition is prepared using an N-lower alkyl-N'-isopropyl-imidazolium cation as a template. Also disclosed is a process for converting hydrocarbons with crystalline zeolite SSZ-32.

Abstract: An improved catalytic slurry hydroprocess comprising a hydrogenation zone having a hydrogen partial pressure of at least about 100 psia characterized by active catalyst recycle accompanied by minimal catalyst deactivation from coking or asphaltene agglomeration in which the improvement comprises the steps of:1) separating at least a portion of active catalyst from the liquid hydrogenation product eluted from the hydrogenation zone of said hydroprocess, and2) recycling at least a portion of said separated active catalyst to said hydrogenation zone;wherein said steps are carried out while maintaining said active catalyst under conditions substantially the same as those encountered in said hydrogenation zone.

Abstract: An improved catalytic slurry hydroprocess comprising a hydrogenation zone having a hydrogen partial pressure of at least about 100 psia characterized by active catalyst recycle accompanied by minimal catalyst deactivation from coking or asphaltene agglomeration in which the improvement comprises the steps of:(1) separating at least a portion of active catalyst from the liquid hydrogenation product eluted from the hydrogenation zone of said hydroprocess, and(2) recycling at least a portion of said separated active catalyst to said hydrogenation zone;wherein said steps are carried out while maintaining said active catalyst under conditions substantially the same as those encountered in said hydrogenation zone.

Abstract: Molecular sieves, particularly zeolites, are prepared using templates derived from a 4-azonia-tricyclo[5.2.n.0.sup.2,6 ]alkene family of compounds. The templates may be prepared in a series of reaction steps which include a Diels-Alder reaction between a diene and a dienophile.