Abstract: Traditionally, volatile organic compounds are monitored using the purge and trap technique required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. However, this technique operates in two phases, liquid and gas, requiring gravity to effect the separation of the two phases. The present invention, which can be automated, incorporates a microporous hydrophobic bladder to permit zero gravity monitoring of volatile organic compounds in an aqueous solution.

Abstract: The incorporation of the hydrophilic porous element and the heat pipes in a fuel cell system enables high current density operation with a simplified accessory section as well as simplified controls, improved reliance and efficiency, and decreased maintenance and maintenance costs. The porous element, replacing the circulating pump and condenser of conventional systems, removes water from the cathode, wets the anode, and removes excess water from the system. The heat pipe system, replacing the coolant pump, coolant heat exchanger, and thermal and other controls, removes waste heat from the system.