Abstract: Radiant heat transfer is increased by introducing to hot gases, such as those normally present in furnaces, a material which provides finely sized particles therein of the type which increase the emissivity and luminosity of the gases. The material is introduced separately from the furnace fuel and preferably downstream of the flame produced by the burning of the fuel. In one embodiment, an unsaturated gaseous hydrocarbon such as acetylene is introduced into the furnace at a plurality of locations downstream of the flame. The unsaturated hydrocarbon exothermically cracks in the furnace to produce hydrogen and carbon particles in the furnace hot gases. The carbon particles increase the emissivity and luminosity of the hot gases and thus their radiant heat transfer to the furnace charge.

Abstract: A balance beam type scale which is particularly adapted for educational purposes, i.e. for use by grammar school children. The components of the scale are easily assembled. Also, the scale is so constructed and arranged as to permit the weighing of a solid article, granulated materials or a liquid. Although the scale is ruggedly constructed for use by children, it includes features which have heretofore only been found in more expensive scales, for example a check lever.

Abstract: Disclosed is a deep drawn paperboard container and a process for making it. The container has an inner wall comprising a water impermeable layer coated on a specific paperboard substrate. The deep drawn container is greater than about 1.375 inches deep, has a radius of curvature of its bottom corners of less than about 7/8 inches and an angle of inclination of its side walls of less than about 20.degree. from the vertical.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assembling a carton from a body forming blank and a pair of end forming blanks wherein the end forming blanks each include a pair of side flaps and a bottom flap.

Abstract: A method and apparatus wherein a pair of generally upwardly extending flaps, foldably connected to the opposite walls of an open top box, may be folded and positioned within the box.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of forming a box from a substantially flat blank and subsequently collapsing the box.

Abstract: An improved method for isostatically molding an elongated, cylindrical article from a powdered material. In accordance with the improved method, a mold, containing powdered material, is placed within a two-piece, perforated canister. The two pieces which form the canister are then resiliently clamped together. Thereafter, in accordance with conventional practice, the canister and the mold containing the powdered material are subjected to an isostatic pressing process. During the decompression step of this process, the mold may radially expand by pressing outwardly against the two-piece canister and thereby causing radial movement of the two-piece canister.By the use of this improved process, it has been found that long, slender rods can be isostatically molded whereas many prior art attempts to mold such rods have not been successful.

Abstract: A box spring grid which includes coil spring engaging ears and a plurality of support wires secured to the grid and each including an ear. The ends of each support wire may be reversely bent around one end coil of a coil spring. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing a box spring support grid wherein ears are formed in all longitudinal wires, between each pair of transverse wires, and, subsequently, selected portions of certain longitudinal wires are removed.

Abstract: An apparatus which provides a reference light beam projected onto one and preferably all the walls of a room whereby a reference line is provided for positioning articles thereon.

Abstract: A machine which forms a tray from a flat blank wherein the formed tray has horizontally disposed shoulders extending across the top thereof.

Abstract: A hot isostatic press which includes a mantle interposed between heating elements and the wall of the press and means associated with the press for equalizing the pressure on both sides of said mantle during operation of the press or during pressurization or depressurization.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multi-wall dunnage bag wherein at least one end of the bag is closed by flaps which extend around the end of the bag and are adhesively secured to the plies which form the bag wall. The end of the outermost flap is disposed beneath the outermost ply and is adhesively secured thereto by the use of a thermally activated adhesive. The outermost flap and the penultimate flap may be secured together. Additionally, a conventional adhesive material connects the outermost ply with an adjacent portion of the bag.

Abstract: A container for packaging fragile items. The container provides an inner carton suspended within an outer carton. The suspension is achieved by means of integral end flaps on the inner carton which interlock the end flaps of the outer carton.

Abstract: Small particles of metal, such as those used in making powder metal compacts, are produced by feeding the end of a metal wire or rod against the edge of a rotating disc and causing a direct electrical current to flow through the wire and disc. This melts the end of the wire and also creates a magnetic field about the wire. The rotation of the disc breaks the electrical contact and forms an arc which causes additional melting of the wire. Contact between the wire and disc takes place within a second electromagnetic field. Continuously advancing the end of the wire causes the intermittent making and breaking of electrical contact. The interaction of the two magnetic fields causes the molten particles to be removed from the area of contact. Means are provided for cooling and collecting the metal particles and for preventing the accumulation of solidified metal particles on the electromagnet or the rotating disc. Vacuum conditions may be used, thus producing a powder of high purity.

Abstract: Method for compacting preheated powder bodies in a high pressure isostatic pressure vessel in which a liquid such as water is used as the pressurizing medium. A preheated workpiece is inserted into the vessel which is closed and sealed. The vessel is then rapidly filled with the liquid pressurizing medium while avoiding contact of the medium with the preheated workpiece until the vessel is substantially completely full. The pressure within the vessel is then increased rapidly to a preselected compacting level by continually pumping the liquid pressurizing medium into the vessel. The preselected compacting pressure is in excess of the critical pressure of the liquid pressurizing medium. The rapid increase of pressure within the vessel to a level exceeding the critical pressure minimizes the amount of vapor that is formed in the vessel and reduces heat transfer from the preheated body to the pressurizing system.