Abstract: Disclosed is a method for detection of ligand-cell membrane protein binding by solid state NMR spectroscopy. The method starts by forming a lipid bilayer inside nanopores of an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) substrate, the lipid bilayer containing a membrane protein sample. The AAO substrate is treated with multiple candidate ligands having potential binding affinity for the membrane protein. Solid-state NMR analysis is performed on the treated AAO/lipid preparation so as to generate an NMR spectrum for the treated membrane protein. The solid-state NMR spectrum of the treated membrane protein is compared with the spectrum of the same preparation of membrane protein in the absence of the ligands. It is then determined whether the solid-state NMR spectrum of the treated membrane protein has shifted from the NMR spectrum of the untreated membrane protein, a shift being indicative of protein binding by the candidate ligand.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for dispensing a single paper towel from a continuous paper towel roll includes a housing having a housing back and a front cover connectable thereto for opening and closing the housing. A dispensing opening is positioned along a periphery of the housing, the dispensing opening defined at least partly by the housing back and at least partly by the front cover; a paper retainer member associated with the front cover and positioned to guide through the dispensing opening a tail of a paper towel roll positioned in the housing; and a piston assembly comprising a biasing member and a piston responsive thereto, the piston assembly connected to the housing so that the piston contacts the tail of a paper towel roll extending through the dispensing opening. The dispenser is magnetically attachable to a ferrous metal surface.

Abstract: An optical thin film stack provides reflection of essentially all light except for a selected amount of transmission over a selected wavelength range. Reflecting, rather than absorbing, unwanted light avoids heating caused by light absorption and allows productive use of the non-transmitted light in some applications. In some embodiments, reflector designs are “stacked” on an optical substrate to provide serial optical reflectors. Stacking dichroic filters provides reduced sensitivity to cone angle and manufacturing advantages.

Abstract: A method of re-programming an array of non-volatile memory cells after an erase operation is provided where a re-program operation is executed to restore a threshold voltage of the memory cells to a higher value than a depletion verify voltage value. The method may include identifying a first value of the depletion verify voltage, executing the re-program operation using the value of the depletion verify voltage, and verifying the array of re-programmed cells for reliability in a read mode. If the outcome of the verifying step is favorable, the re-program operation is terminated as successful. Otherwise, the value of the depletion verify voltage is modified, and the re-program operation is again executed using the modified value of the depletion verify voltage as adjusted for the actual operating conditions of the memory array.

Abstract: A laser driver circuit includes an injection laser diode. A current source control loop circuit is connected to the injection laser diode and establishes a fixed current through the injection laser diode. A voltage switcher circuit is connected to the injection laser diode and current source control loop circuit and adapted to receive a fixed supply voltage and convert inductively the supply voltage down to a forward voltage to bias the injection laser diode and produce an optical fiber coupled laser output having minimized power losses.

Abstract: A power module includes a semiconductor substrate and spaced power transistor circuits formed in the substrate, each having respective anode and cathode portions. A power module housing substantially encloses the substrate. Flexible cathode straps and flexible anode straps are connected to the respective anode and cathode portions and extend out of the power module housing spaced from each other. At least two anode straps and cathode straps fold over at least a portion of the power module housing to overlap each other and form phase straps. The remaining cathode and anode straps fold over at least a portion of the power module housing such that respective cathode and anode straps overlap each other, thereby lowering inductance and reducing voltage overshoots at turn off.