Abstract: This invention relates to a method for autoclustering N-dimensional datastreams. The invention has particular utility in analyzing multi-parameter data from a flow cytometer, and more particularly has utility in analyzing data from whole blood cells tagged with fluorescently labelled CD3, CD4 and CD8 monoclonal antibodies to which a known number of fluorescent microbeads has been added.

Abstract: The apparatus includes a combination of a microscope and an interative image analysis system comprising a camera and a computer work station. The purpose of the apparatus is to facilitate the interactive control of coordinate displacements of the stage of the microscope. For each coordinate x and y an electromechanical control channel is established. At the input of the control channel two cascaded wheels in a coaxial arrangement and two angle encoders are used as a detached, independent tool which is not kinematically linked to the stage. In the middle of the control channel, the pulses of the angle encoders undergo a non-linear transformation. A processor performs a calculation which discriminates between slow displacements and fast displacements. At the end of the control channel, a flat, easily accessible platform of the microscope stage has two working areas, one for manual previewing and one for interactive scanning of a specimen.

Abstract: A sample preparation apparatus includes a pair of valves. A first valve selectively communicates a sample tube with a vent/aspiration valve, or alternatively communicates a diluent pump with a reaction tube. By moving the first valve, one may selectively relieve a vacuum within a sample tube, aspirate a sample from the tube, or alternatively may drive a diluent and a sample into the reaction tube. The second valve is a vent/aspiration valve which selectively communicates the first valve to two distinct systems. A first system vents a vacuum in the sample tube, and a second system aspirates a sample from the sample tube. The second valve is actuated to initially relieve any vacuum in the sample tube, and is then actuated to connect the aspiration system to the sample tube to begin to withdraw of a sample from the sample tube. At the same time, the diluent pump is filled. The shear valve is then moved to communicate the diluent pump to the reaction tube.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring the thickness of a tissue section with an automated image analysis system, preferably using polyploid nuclear DNA content, for subsequent use in analyzing cell objects of a specimen cell sample for the diagnosis and treatment of actual or suspected cancer or monitoring any variation in the nominal thickness in a microtome setting. An image of a measurement material, such as a rat liver tissue section, having known cell object attributes is first digitized and the morphological attributes, including area and DNA mass of the cell objects, are automatically measured from the digitized image. The measured attributes are compared to ranges of attribute values which are preestablished to select particular cell objects. After the selection of the cell objects, the operator may review the automatically selected cell objects and accept or change the measured cell object attribute values.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for selecting and analyzing a subpopulation of cells or cell objects for a certain parameter such as DNA using image analysis means. The cells are first stained with an alkaline phosphatase technique including a monoclonal antibody specific to a protein in at least one of the cell's cytoplasm or on a cell membrane, thereby marking any cells including the protein as to type. A second staining of the DNA in the nucleus is accomplished by a Feulgen technique that destroys the cell cytoplasm. After the staining and marking, the cells may then be gated using the image analysis means on the visual parameter such as colored DNA or colored antigen into a subpopulation that is to be measured. The selected cells may then be examined by digital image processing and measured for a parameter such as a true actual measurement of DNA in picograms. A quantitation of the measured parameter may be generated and provided.

Abstract: An iontophoretic drug delivery device of the present invention includes a power source and an electrode assembly in electrical contact with at least three reservoirs, with at least two of the reservoirs containing an active formulation to be delivered to an applied area of a patient, with a switch for switching the flow of current from between the first electrode and the third electrode and between the second electrode and the first electrode so as to reduce sensation. The device also includes a timer for controlling the amount of time the electrical current flows between a pair of electrodes. In the preferred embodiment, the active formulation includes a local anesthetic such as Lidocaine and a vasoconstrictor such as Epinephrine. In this way, the device is suitable for use to deliver the local anesthetic to the applied area approximate the first reservoir for a first period of time and to deliver the local anesthetic to the applied area approximate the second reservoir during a second period of time.

Abstract: A blister package includes an upper portion, a lower portion, and an intermediate portion sandwiched between the upper and lower portions, with the intermediate portion having two adjoining compartments formed from blisters for containing at least one medicament or the like therein, with one of the compartments for storing the medicament prior to opening. In addition, to facilitate opening of the package while providing increased resistance to opening by small children, the package includes a detent situated between the adjoining compartments to prevent unrestricted or free movement of the medicament from one compartment to the other. Also, a weakened area is formed in the lower portion beneath the adjoining empty compartment. Thus, to remove the medicament from the package, sufficient force must be exerted to move the medicament from the first blister past the detent into the empty blister and then force the medicament therefrom through the weakened area.

Abstract: A fluorescence particle analyzer includes a flow tube through which particles marked with different fluorochromes pass from a first location to a second location. Emissions from the first and second locations are respectively imaged at respective first and second filter elements so that emissions that reach a photodetector from said first location are primarily filtered by the first filter element, while emission that reach the same photodetector from the second location are primarily filtered by the second filter element. The first filter element is selected to preferentially transmit emissions from a first fluorochrome at the expense of emissions from a second fluorochrome, while the second filter element is selected to preferentially transmit emissions from the second fluorochrome at the expense of emissions from the first fluorochrome.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for analyzing the cell objects of a cell sample for the diagnosis and treatment of actual or suspected cancer is disclosed. An image of the cell sample is first digitized and morphological attributes, including area and DNA mass of the cell objects are automatically measured from the digitized image. The measured attributes are compared to ranges of attribute values which are preestablished to select particular cell objects having value in cancer analysis. After the selection of cell objects, the image is displayed to an operator and indicia of selection is displayed with each selected cell object. The operator then reviews the automatically selected cell objects, with the benefit of the measured cell object attribute values and accepts or changes the automatic selection of cell objects.

Abstract: An iontophoretic delivery system permits transcutaneous delivery of a drug contained on a patch. The system includes a flexible planar patch having a medicament-containing surface in contact with the skin of a patient. A controller supplies electrical current to the patch to effect iontophoretic delivery. Convenient removable attachment of the controller to the patch is provided so as to permit periodic drug administration.

Abstract: A kit for the quantitation of components in cell nuclei is described wherein the kit includes a stain and microscopic slides. Each slide has reference cell objects and a specimen cell area for receipt of specimen cells which are stained simultaneously with the reference cell objects.

Abstract: The apparatus includes a combination of a microscope and an interative image analysis system comprising a camera and a computer work station. The purpose of the apparatus is to facilitate the interactive control of coordinate displacements of the stage of the microscope. For each coordinate x and y an electromechanical control channel is established. At the input of the control channel two cascaded wheels in a coaxial arrangement and two angle encoders are used as a detached, independent tool which is not kinematically linked to the stage. In the middle of the control channel, the pulses of the angle encoders undergo a non-linear transformation. A processor performs a calculation which discriminates between slow displacements and fast displacements. At the end of the control channel, a flat, easily accessible platform of the microscope stage has two working areas, one for manual previewing and one for interactive scanning of a specimen.

Abstract: A wearable iontophoresis system includes a control housing having a connector and an iontophoretic drug delivery patch for placement against the skin of a patient. The patch has a device for retaining the control housing connector which permits the connector to be removably attached to the patch. The control housing also has at least a power supply device and a current delivery device. The control housing has top and bottom surfaces wherein the top surface has raised, recessed and sloping regions. The thickness of the connector is tapered from a second end to a first end. Furthermore, the second end of the connector is attached to the control housing and oriented so that the first end is unattached to the control housing and proximate to the control housing bottom surface. The iontophoretic drug delivery patch includes top and bottom surfaces wherein mounted to the top surface is the device for retaining the control housing connector.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for automated assay of biological specimens positioned on microscope slides. The apparatus comprises an interactive optical subsystem for viewing the biological specimen on the slide and for producing an interactive video signal corresponding to the viewed image. An automated optical subsystem includes a single high power microscope objective for scanning a rack of slides, portions of which having been previously identified for assay in the interactive optical means. The system also includes a processor for processing the interactive and automatic video signals for the two optical subsystems. The processor receives the automatic video signal and performs biological assay functions upon it. A method and apparatus are also disclosed for marking points for later analysis on the microscope slides and for associating an analysis function with each marked point.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for controlling the movement or transport of objects such as cells and other particles in a moving liquid stream. More particularly the invention relates to a system including a vacuum pump which pulls the sheath fluid from an open supply reservoir through a flow cell assembly where cell analysis occurs and discharges the flow cell effluent to an open waste reservoir. A pressure drop is created through the conduit leading from the supply reservoir to the flow cell which aspirates the cell suspension from an open sample vessel into and through the flow cell. The vacuum is regulated by controlling the electric power applied to the vacuum pump motor. Starting, stopping, reverse flushing, and draining of the flow cell assembly are controlled by programming the operation of four electric solenoid valves in fluid communication with the flow cell inlet and outlet passages, the operation of a reverse flush pump and, the operation of an electrically controlled tube lifter.

Abstract: An iontophoresis system includes an iontophoretic drug delivery device for placement against the skin of a patient and having at least one segmented electrode, and a circuit for controlling and equalizing current passing through each of a plurality of electrode segments. The current controlling circuit includes a plurality of constant current sources, each of which is electrically coupled to a corresponding one of the electrode segments. The constant current sources are selected such that substantially the same amount of current flows through each electrode segment independent of the impedance of the skin of the of the patient.