Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product for providing a fast re-route of a multicast packet within a network element to an available port associated with a multi-link trunk is presented. A packet is received by a Forwarding Data Unit (FDU) in a data plane of a network element and a determination made that the packet is a multicast packet. The packet is forwarded to all egress FDUs having at least one port associated with at least one receiver of the multicast packet. A lookup is performed by each egress FDU in a synchronized local port state database to find a port for each receiver that is in an UP state. The packet is forwarded out the port to a receiver when the port is in the UP state and dropped when the port is in the DOWN state.

Abstract: Documents written using a markup language such as XML may be decomposed into Path and Parent Associated Node (PPAN) elements, each of which is a linear data structure that includes the content of a node, the parent-child relationship of the node, and the path level of the node. A number of PPAN elements may be grouped together to form A PPAN chain. A PPAN matching process uses the PPAN elements/PPAN chain to search for structured documents that match the PPAN chain. The PPAN matching process is able to perform query and match at the same time to accelerate the PPAN matching process, and also enables complex services to be represented by generic structured documents. Optionally, the PPAN matching process may support wildcard requests so that services may be discovered without prior knowledge of the services.

Abstract: The invention provides a document generation system for generating a customised document using a document generation program, having means to generate and information capture document for obtaining input information. At least one content element comprises at least a first variable. The system comprises means to evaluate a set of further rules including at least one second variable to determine the number and type of occurrences of the first variable, and means to aggregate the further set of rules to determine the relevance of the first variable in terms of the at least one second variable.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for communicating wireless network landscape information to a mobile device is shown and described. Strategic placement of beaconing devices that are encoded with pre-defined, specialized SSIDs allows information to be forwarded to the mobile clients to trigger specific behavior in the clients and to enable the clients to pro-actively control network transitions, thereby increasing their ability to provide seamless communications.

Abstract: A software program/software tools allows end user quality of experience to be quantified and translated into network conditions required to achieve that end user quality of experience. By focusing on the Quality of Experience (QoE) for the applications that will use the network rather than the traditional bottom up approach, and then looking to design the network based on those end user requirements, the network may be designed and/or operated to achieve a high quality of experience. The program and tools may be used at different phases of the networking cycle, including design, planning, deployment, and operational phases, to allow the QoE requirements to be obtained while optimizing network cost and utilization. A QoE server may be implemented off line and used for network design/planning, or may be included on the network to monitor the network and control operation of the network to achieve the intended QoE.

Abstract: A weighting process may be used to select between alternate neighbors in a RAPID calculation to enable policy and/or traffic engineering considerations to affect the selection of an alternate path through the network. The information used to weight the neighbors may static administratively assigned weighting information or dynamic weighting information such as local statistical traffic condition information. The process may take into account the amount of traffic being handled by the current primary next hop for the destination, the available capacity of the available alternate neighbors, the ability of the alternate neighbors to handle the additional traffic, and other considerations. Weighting may occur after a set of available loop free alternate neighbors has been determined. Alternatively, weighting may occur before the RAPID calculation has been performed to cause the neighbors to be ordered prior to RAPID processing. This may enable RAPID calculation to stop without considering all available neighbors.

Abstract: Multiplexed traffic in a system where the maximum rate of all inputs exceeds the maximum rate of the output is processed via a separate queue for each input, and at any given forwarding clock cycle the earliest enqueued packet is forwarded via the output. In the event of congestion, a proportionally equal number of packets are dropped from each queue, where proportional equality corresponds to the number of packets dropped per number of packets enqueued. One implementation associates a time-stamp with each enqueued packet to indicate the time of enqueing relative to other enqueued packets. At any given forwarding clock cycle, the packet with the earliest time-stamp is forwarded.

Abstract: In a communication network comprising nodes and links between the nodes, a controller node disseminates link state information. A nodal routing table exists at each node comprising routes between pairs of nodes. The nodal routing table is either populated by the given node based on network information received from the controlling node or populated at the controlling node and received by the given node. Each node receives heartbeat signals from its neighboring nodes. An unexpected delay between heartbeat signals may be perceived as a failure of a link. The perceived failure of that link is reported by the perceiving node to the controlling node. Upon receiving link failure information from a node, the controlling node may determine a subset of nodes in the network influenced by the link failure and indicate the link failure to the determined subset of influenced nodes.

Abstract: A separate peer-to-peer multi-directional audio channel is established between a subset of the participants to an existing multi-party communication session on the same channel as the original multi-party communication session. Since the secure channel is established on the existing call, the same NAT/firewall traversal mechanisms may be used, and even the same socket may be used. Participants on the secure side conversation can hear both the secure side conversation and the main multi-party communication session. Participants that are not on the secure side conversation may receive packets from the secure side conversation, but are not part of the security association for the secure side conversation and, hence, cannot hear the audio from the secure side conversation.

Abstract: Updates may be transmitted over a remote viewing session using a transmission protocol configured to allow sessions to be established, terminated, and used by participants. The transmission protocol provides a message structure that may be used to exchange administrative information associated with the session, as well as host display information to be transmitted from the host to the viewers over the session. A bounding rectangle construct may be used to convey positional information associated with the update or content of an update message. The messages may be passed directly between the host and viewers or via an intermediate service. The messages also may be used to allow viewers to highlight information on the display for a limited period of time so that the highlighting appears to the host and optionally to the other viewers on the session.

Abstract: A method of generating a second customised document incorporating amendments made to a previously generated first document, where the customised documents include one or more selected predetermined portions of document content, comprises the steps of: determining which portions of document content are comprised in the first document but which are not comprised in the second document; deleting the portions of document content determined in the preceding step from the first document; determining which portions of document content are comprised in the second document but which are not comprised in the first document; and copying the portions of document content determined in the preceding step from the second document to the first document.

Abstract: A system, architecture for initializing and utilizing a mirrored Network Attached Storage (NAS) system is described. The architecture includes a plurality of processing layers that define and control the operation and relationship of component groups in a primary NAS and associated component groups in a secondary NAS. The groups may include, for example, file server groups and disk device groups. The processing layers may include an execution layer, a transaction layer and a storage layer. The modularized architecture of the invention allows NAS systems to be easily apportioned into logical groups at varying levels of granularity with varying relationships. As a result, the component groups are abstracted from their underlying physical characteristics and constraints, thereby enabling complex processes such as initialization, activation and restoration to be performed using simple commands at a command line interface.

Abstract: A tool for manually moving snow and other loads includes a curved scoop having a leading edge and a trailing edge and a frame with handles attached to the curved scoop. The tool is balanced approximately midway between the leading edge and trailing edge when the scoop is loaded to facilitate adjustment of depth of cut and unloading. The scoop may also be temporarily deformed in response to manual application of torsional force via the handles in order to help accommodate unbalanced loads. A rope or cable can be connected to the handles. Wheels may be attached to the frame to facilitate movement over dry ground. Various removable edge members disposed on the leading edge of the scoop may be used depending on the material being loaded. Further, side panels attached to the frame may be used to enhance load capacity.

Abstract: At least part of the information in a packet's header may be verified so that a network element may rely on the information, e.g. to provide enhanced QoS and/or to identify the source. The information may be verified by a verifying agent (VA) or a transmitting network element. Where a VA is used, the VA may sign the header information issuing its private key of a private/public key pair. The signature may take the form of a digest, certificate, or other form. Once the header information has been signed, the client may transmit packets using headers that include the signed information and may include the VA's signature as an option in the header or in another area of the packet. The VA may also transmit packets directly. The signature may be decrypted by other NEs to extract the signed information, which can then be compared with the normal header information.

Abstract: A system, device, and method for controlling access in a multicast communication network uses a distributed host authentication scheme to prevent unauthorized hosts from joining a shared multicast distribution tree. An authorized host is provided with access information for accessing the shared tree. Certain access information is also distributed to at least a designated device associated with the host, although the access information may be distributed to other devices as well. The designated device uses the access information to authenticate the host and establish a security agreement with the host. Other devices may use the access information to authenticate the host in the event that the designated device is unable to authenticate the host. An authenticated host is added to the shared tree, while a host that cannot be authenticated is prevented from joining the shared tree.

Abstract: A traffic controller is provided which integrates black-box tests of unauthorized applications to extract application characteristics from associated Internet traffic, exploits the networking information learned by host clients, actively scans and controls hosts on the corporate network, and dynamically configures a corporate firewall to block traffic to and from critical application network elements. As a result, the traffic controller effectively manages unauthorized applications and their associated traffic in a corporate environment.

Abstract: Routes may be installed across multiple link state protocol controlled Ethernet network areas by causing ABBs to leak I-SID information advertised by BEBs a L1 network area into an L2 network area. ABBs will only leak I-SIDs for BEBs where it is the closest ABB for that BEB. Where another ABB on the L2 network also leaks the same I-SID into the L2 network area from another L1 network area, the I-SID is of multi-area interest. ABBs will advertise I-SIDs that are common to the L1 and L2 networks back into their respective L1 network. Within each L1 and L2 network area, forwarding state will be installed between network elements advertising common interest in an ISID, so that multi-area paths may be created to span the L1/L2/L1 network areas. ABBs may summarize BEB multicast trees such that the set of trees for a given I-SID transiting the ABB is condensed into a common tree.

Abstract: Multicast capabilities of a link state protocol controlled network are used to accelerate the flooding advertisement of topology change notifications within portions of the network. This flooding mechanism may be particularly efficient in a network with a large number of two-connected nodes such as a ring network architecture. A control plane specific multicast group address is used when flooding topology change notifications, and a process such as reverse path forwarding check is used as an additional control on forwarding of the notification to prevent looping of control plane packets. Two-connected nodes insert a forwarding entry into their FIB to enable frames containing the control message to be forwarded via the data plane on to the downstream node so that propagation of the control message along a chain of two-connected nodes may occur at data plane speeds.

Abstract: To register a mobile device located in a first network with a packet-switched services network, a registration request is received from an aggregation device in the first network. The registration request contains an identifier of the aggregation device and identification information of the mobile device, where the identification information is previously unknown to the packet-switched services network. A globally unique identifier of the mobile device is dynamically created based on the identifier of the aggregation device and the identification information of the mobile device, wherein the globally unique identifier is used for uniquely identifying the mobile device in the packet-switched services network.

Abstract: Baseband recovery in wireless networks, base transceiver stations, and wireless networking devices may be implemented to minimize the number of timing symbols while at the same time enabling wireless devices to use a relatively low per-symbol sampling rate, so that minimal processing is required to implement the timing recovery. In one embodiment, a relatively low number of samples is taken per expected symbol interval during the training sequence. A subset of the samples is selected and processed to determine error signals for each of the samples. The error signals are multiplied by the expected symbol and summed to form an error signal. The error signal is used to adjust the set of samples that will be used and processed in connection with subsequent symbols. The error signal is also used to interpolate between available samples to infinitesimally approach the point of maximum eye opening.