Abstract: An erythromycin A 9-O-benzodithiol oxime intermediate represented by the following formula (III) useful for synthesis of clarthromycin and crystalline solvate thereof: Wherein, Y1 and Y2 are independently a hydrogen atoms or trimethylsilyl groups. And, a process for the preparation of clarithromycin using the erythromycin A 9-O-benzodithiol oxime intermediate as described in the specification.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention at least two different grades of HOPG material with different d-spacings are combined to form a composite HOPG monochromator with increased spacing spread (&Dgr;d/d) defined by the combination of the two HOPG materials with each HOPG material oriented relative to one another so that their layer planes are parallel. The increased &Dgr;d/d should yield higher neutron beam intensities in certain types of backscattering instruments.

Abstract: A method for scheduling a plurality of cells of N number of prioritized queues in a node of an ATM network is provided, wherein each prioritized queue has a static priority different from priorities of other queues. In response to receipt of a cell having a jth static priority, the cell is held for a holding time so that the cell turns to be an eligible cell for transmission. Meanwhile, an empty flag EF.sub.j `0` or `1` is generated on a time slot basis, wherein the empty flag EF.sub.j `0` or `1` represents whether or not there exists the eligible cell for transmission in the corresponding jth prioritized queue; and the jth prioritized queue is switched to a higher prioritized switch in a jth prioritized switch based on the empty flag EF.sub.j, wherein the jth prioritized switch has a jth and a lower input terminals, which are connected to the jth prioritized queue and the lower prioritized switch, respectively, and an output terminal, which is connected to the higher prioritized switch.

Abstract: An apparatus encodes a binary shape signal by using a modified context-based arithmetic encoding technique. The apparatus computes a context number of each binary pixel in the binary shape signal based on its corresponding context. Then, a probability corresponding to the context number is detected and a state of each binary pixel is determined by comparing the probability with a preset threshold value. Furthermore, a predicted pixel value corresponding to each binary pixel is decided based on the probability. The predicted pixel value is compared with an original pixel value of each binary pixel to thereby output a mapping value representing whether the predicted pixel value is identical to the original pixel value or not. The apparatus generates a first and a second sequences by rearranging the mapping values of the binary pixels in the binary shape signal according to the states of the binary pixels and assigns adaptive probability sets to the first and the second sequences, respectively.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented polyester film comprises: 0.01 to 4 wt % of .gamma., .delta.- .theta.-alumina or a mixture thereof having an average particle diameter ranging from 0.005 to 3 .mu.m and a Mohs hardness of 6 or more; 0.05 to 5 wt %, based on the amount of the alumina employed, of a silane coupling agent of the following formula (I); and, optionally, 0.01 to 4 wt % of spherical silica particle having an average particle diameter ranging from 0.005 to 3 .mu.m:R.sub.1 --R.sub.2 --Si--(OR.sub.3).sub.3 (I)wherein,R.sub.1 is a methacryl, an acryl, a glycidyl or an amino group;R.sub.2 is a C.sub.1-5 alkylene group; andR.sub.3 is a C.sub.1-3 alkyl group.The film has improved transparency as well as surface properties, and is especially useful as labels, window coating films, photoresists and the like.

Abstract: A polyester base film for magnetic recording media having improved adhesion to the magnetic layer applied thereon as well as good abrasion and scratch resistance prepared by melt-extruding a polyester resin containing inorganic and organic particles to form a sheet; extending the sheet; and heat-setting the extended film, wherein the heat-setting step is carried out by heat-treating a first surface of the film, which is to be coated with a magnetic material, at a temperature ranging from 170.degree. to 290.degree. C. for 1 to 50 seconds so that the crystallinity thereof ranges from 50 to 70% and heat-treating the other surface of the film at a temperatue which is lower than the first heat-treatment temperature by 20.degree. C. or more for 1 to 200 seconds so that the other surface attains a crystallinity which is lower than that of the first surface by at least 5%.

Abstract: A high-pressure generating apparatus including a high-pressure chamber, a low-pressure chamber located beneath the high-pressure chamber and having a diameter substantially larger than the diameter of the high-pressure chamber, a tandem piston having first and second portions displaceable in the high-pressure and low-pressure chambers, respectively, for building-up pressure therein, and a yoke embracing the high-pressure and low-pressure chambers for applying a pressure force to the high-pressure chamber cover and the low-pressure chamber bottom upon built-up of pressure in the high pressure and low-pressure chambers.

Abstract: A laser beam modulation apparatus modulates a EFM (eight-fourteen modulated) signal to generate as a laser power control signal a pulse modulated EFM signal (PM-EFM). During each of on-time intervals of the EFM signal, the pulse modulated EFM signal serves to apply the laser beam on a recording area on a phase-change disk and to undulate the laser beam in order to prevent an overheating of the recording area.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented polyester film having improved surface properties, scratch resistance and abrasion resistance comprises the particulate slip agents of a calcium carbonate having an average particle diameter ranging from 0.01 to 3 .mu.m, alumina having an average particle diameter ranging from 0.005 to 3 .mu.m and a Mohs' hardness of 8 or more and a melamine formaldehyde condensate having an average particle diameter ranging from 0.01 to 3 .mu.m, wherein each of the slip agents is in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 4 wt. % based on the weight of the polyester.The film is useful in manufacturing condensers, medical articles, photographic films, packaging and labelling materials and, particularly, magnetic recording media.