Abstract: Proteins from the genus Photorhabdus are toxic to insects upon exposure. Photorhabdus luminescens (formerly Xenorhabdus luminescens) have been found in mammalian clinical samples and as a bacterial symbiont of entomopathogenic nematodes of genus Heterorhabditis. These protein toxins can be applied to, or genetically engineered into, insect larvae food and plants for insect control.

Abstract: Proteins from the genus Xenorhabdus are toxic to insects upon oral exposure. These protein toxins can be applied to insect larvae food and plants for insect control.

Abstract: The compounds of the present invention are prepared directly or indirectly by modifying the compounds that are naturally produced from Saccharopolyspora spinosa. The compounds of the invention have been shown to have activity against insects and mites. The compounds are prepared by modifying the rhamnose sugar, modification of the forosamine sugar, or starting with pseuodoaglycone and then replacement with a nonsugar derivative or different sugar, modification of the 5,6,5-tricyclic and 12-membered macrocyclic lactone part of the compounds naturally produced or of the pseudoaglycone of the natural compounds.

Abstract: New A83543 components, including fermentation products A83543K, A835430, A83543P, A83543U, A83543V, A83543W and A83543Y and N-demethyl derivatives, and salts thereof, are useful for the control of insects and mites. The pseudoaglycones of the new A83543 components are useful for the preparation of A83543 components. Methods are provided for making the new A83543 components by culturing of Saccharopolyspora spinosa NRRL 18395, NRRL 18537, NRRL 18538, or NRRL 18539, or NRRL 18743 or NRRL 18719 or NRRL 18823 in suitable culture medium. Insecticidal and ectoparasiticidal compositions containing new A83543 components are also provided.

Abstract: New A83543 components, including fermentation products A83543Q, A83543R, A83543S and A83543T and N-demethyl derivatives, and salts thereof, are useful for the control of insects and mites. The pseudoaglycones are useful for the preparation of A83543 components. Methods for making the new A83543 components by culture of Saccharopolyspora spinosa NRRL 18823 are provided. Insecticidal and ectoparasiticidal compositions containing new A83543 components are also provided.

Abstract: New A83543 components, including fermentation products A83543K, A83543O, A83543P, A83543U, A83543V, A83543W and A83543Y and N-demethyl derivatives, and salts thereof, are useful for the control of insects and mites. The pseudoaglycones of the new A83543 components are useful for the preparation of A83543 components. Methods are provided for making the new A83543 components by culturing of Saccharopolyspora spinosa NRRL 18395, NRRL 18537, NRRL 18538, or NRRL 18539, or NRRL 18743 or NRRL 18719 or NRRL 18823 in suitable culture medium. Insecticidal and ectoparasiticidal compositions containing new A83543 components are also provided.

Abstract: New A83543 components, including fermentation products A83543K, A835430, A83543P, A83543U, A83543V, A83543W and A83543Y and N-demethyl derivatives, and salts thereof, are useful for the control of insects and mites. The pseudoaglycones of the new A83543 components are useful for the preparation of A83543 components. Methods are provided for making the new A83543 components by culturing of Saccharopolyspora spinosa NRRL 18395, NRRL 18537, NRRL 18538, or NRRL 18539, or NRRL 18743 or NRRL 18719 or NRRL 18823 in suitable culture medium. Insecticidal and ectoparasiticidal compositions containing new A83543 components are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition and method of protecting plants otherwise susceptible to infestation by insects of the orders Lepidoptera and Coleoptera.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a ribosome inactivating proteins. The proteins are characterized by being in a single chain proRIP inactive form that can be converted into an active form by cleavage with proteases.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a ribosome inactivating proteins. The proteins are characterized by being in a single chain proRIP inactive form that can be converted into an active form by cleavage with proteases.

Abstract: New A83543 components, including fermentation products A83543Q, A83543R, A83543S and A83543T and N-demethyl derivatives, and salts thereof, are useful for the control of insects and mites. The pseudoaglycones are useful for the preparation of A83543 components. Methods for making the new A83543 components by culture of Saccharopolyspora spinosa NRRL 18823 are provided. Insecticidal and ectoparasiticidal compositions containing new A83543 components are also provided.

Abstract: New A83543 components, including fermentation products A83543Q, A83543R, A83543S and A83543T and N-demethyl derivatives, and salts thereof, are useful for the control of insects and mites. The pseudoaglycones are useful for the preparation of A83543 components. Methods for making the new A83543 components by culture of Saccharopolyspora spinosa NRRL 18823 are provided. Insecticidal and ectoparasiticidal compositions containing new A83543 components are also provided.

Abstract: Fermentation product A83543, comprising major components A83543A and A83543D and minor components A83543B, A83543C, A83543E, A83543F, A83543G, A83543H and A83543J, is produced by a newly described species, Saccharopolyspora spinosa. The A83543 components and their acid-addition salts (A83543 compounds) are useful as insecticides, particularly against Lepidoptera and Diptera species. Insecticidal, miticidal or ectoparasiticidal combinations, compositions and methods are provided.

Abstract: A83543 Aglycones A83543AgA, A83543AgD, A83543AgE, and A83543AgF, and A83543 pseudoaglycones A83543PsaA2, A83543PsaB2, A83543PsaD2, and A83543PsaN2 are intermediates useful in preparation of known insecticides.

Abstract: A process for making 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile, comprising reacting 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile with a substantially anhydrous metal fluoride at a temperature between about 160.degree. C. and about 300.degree. C. and in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, which is typically a polyether, tetra-substituted phosphonium salt, tetra-substituted ammonium salt, and cryptand, but in the absence of a solvent. After taking off the product the resulting mixture may be recycled into the reactor for the next reaction cycle. Upon build-up of tars in the reaction process, the invention includes the separation of catalyst from the tars and the recycle thereof.

Abstract: Fermentation product A83543, comprising major components A83543A and A83543D and minor components A83543B, A83543C, A83543E, A983543F, A83543G, A83543H and A83543J, is produced by a newly described species, Saccharopolyspora spinosa. The A83543 components and their acid-addition salts (A83543 compounds) are useful as insecticides, particularly against Lepidoptera and Diptera species. Insecticidal, miticidal or ecto-parasiticidal combinations, compositions and methods are provided.

Abstract: Fermentation product A83543, comprising major components A83543A and A83543D and minor components A83543B, A83543C, A83543E, A983543F, A83543G, A83543H and A83543J, is produced by a newly described species, Saccharopolyspora spinosa. The A83543 components and their acid-addition salts (A83543 compounds) are useful as insecticides, particularly against Lepidoptera and Diptera species. Insecticidal, miticidal or ecto-parasiticidal combinations, compositions and methods are provided.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing germplasm of plant species exhibiting enhanced response to anther culture. The anther culture procedure itself is used as a selection criterion for genes favoring in vitro androgenesis. After subjecting anthers to standard anther culture regeneration procedures, the regenerated plants are intermated and self-pollinated to generate valuable genetic variability for improved culture response. The transfer of increased anther culturability to other selected germplasm is also possible.