Abstract: An oxyalkylated, halogenated product useful in making polyurethane foams is prepared by reacting an epoxide compound with a halogenated aromatic hydroxyl-containing compound (phenol) which is either a monohydroxy or polyhydroxy compound. Said aromatic hydroxyl compound has a hydroxy group attached directly to the aromatic nucleus. By the process of the invention, hydroxyalkylation occurs in the presence of a catalyst selectively active in the predominant oxyalkylation of aromatic hydroxyl groups, said catalyst selected from the group consisting of zinc, magnesium and a zinc or magnesium salt as defined. The reaction mixture can include an aliphatic hydroxyl-containing compound, a neutral phosphorus compound, and aliphatic or aromatic anhydrides or mixtures thereof to enhance the flame-retardant properties of the oxyalkylated product.

Abstract: There are disclosed processes for preparing a textile treated with a water-insoluble polyester wherein a linear or branched chain water-soluble sulfonate or phosphate group containing polyester is coated or impregnated onto a textile substrate in combination with a crosslinking agent and subsequent to heating to co-react the crosslinking agent with the polyester, the treated textile substrate is exposed to an aqueous solution of a polyvalent metal ion reactive with said sulfonate or phosphate groups in said polyester.Alternatively, there are disclosed processes for preparing a water-insoluble polyester on a textile substrate wherein a branched chain polyester having sulfonate or phosphate groups is coated or impregnated onto a textile substrate, the substrate is dried and subsequently exposed to an aqueous solution of a polyvalent metal ion reactive with said sulfonate or phosphate groups in said polyester.

Abstract: High current efficiency can be obtained in an electrolytic cell by inducing turbulence in the catholyte preferably by utilizing a gas-directing cathode and cation-permselective membrane combination. There is disclosed a process for electrolysis, particularly, the electrolysis of an alkali metal chloride such as sodium chloride to produce chlorine and sodium hydroxide. Said cell has a cathode and an anode divided into catholyte and anolyte compartments by a cation-permselective membrane. Turbulence inducing means such as a gas-directing cathode provides turbulence in said catholyte at the surface of said membrane by directing gas evolving on said cathode toward or away from said membrane. Multicell arrangements are also disclosed wherein said cells are connected in series.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use, as hydraulic fluids or metalworking lubricants, of compositions having water as a base and improved extreme pressure lubricating and wear-preventing characteristics. The hydraulic fluids of the invention are nonflammable and comprise a synergistic combination of a phosphate ester and a sulfur-containing compound. The compositions can be thickened, if desired, using a polyglycol type thickener and can contain additives known to the art such as defoamers and corrosion inhibitors. Stable concentrates comprising the phosphate ester and sulfur-containing compound can be prepared.

Abstract: An improvement in the process for the removal of residual catalyst from polyether polyols is achieved by the use of a solvent wash and recovery system.

Abstract: In a chlor-alkali electrolytic cell in which an aqueous alkali metal chloride solution is electrolyzed, said electrolytic cell having an anode compartment containing an anode and a cathode compartment containing a cathode separated by a substantially fluid impervious membrane barrier consisting of a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and a sulfonated perfluorovinyl ether, the formation of alkali metal chlorates in the anode compartment is reduced by operating the chlor-alkali cell at high salt conversions greater than 40% and preferably between about 60% and about 80% conversion.

Abstract: A textile treating composition, consisting of a mixture of a major amount of lubricant and a minor amount of a stabilizer of said lubricant and a process for employment thereof.

Abstract: Fuels containing detergents have improved water tolerance when combined with acetal or ester terminated polyoxyalkylene ether compounds, acetal or carbonate coupled polyoxyalkylene ether compounds or C.sub.8 -C.sub.18 epoxide adducts of polyoxyalkylene ether compounds.

Abstract: Stained textile fabrics, especially cotton-polyester, rayon-polyester blends stained in use with blood stains, can be reclaimed and returned to use by the process of washing and bleaching said fabrics in the presence of a non-ionic or anionic surface-active agent, together with an oxygen-releasing bleaching agent and a chlorine-releasing bleaching agent, said bleaching agents used either successively or simultaneously. The laundering process involves the use of aqueous solutions of bleaching agents at elevated temperatures and at high pH. The process of the invention provides a synergistic improvement in the removal of stains as compared with the use of either an oxygen-releasing bleaching agent or a chlorine-releasing bleaching agent. The process can include a hot aqueous acid sour treatment to remove rust stains and an aqueous sour to neutralize alkalies in the bleached fabric. The treatment can be completed in a period of time of about 30 to about 90 minutes.

Abstract: There are disclosed a phosphorus-containing polyester and size compositions especially useful for sizing spun and continuous filament yarn produced from hydrophobic fibers and useful in protecting these fibers from abrasion during the weaving process. When the size is used alone or in mixtures with conventional size agents such as starches and polyvinyl alcohol, improved adhesion is obtained to hydrophobic fibers or blends thereof with cotton or other hydrophilic fibers. Polyester, polypropylene and polyamide and other fibers are effectively sized with the size compositions of the invention. The polyester consists of a branched chain phosphorus-containing polymer which is the reaction product of at least one dicarboxylic reactant, at least one diol or polyoxyalkylene glycol and a phosphorus acid reactant selected from the class consisting of phosphorus pentoxide, phosphoric acid and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Lubricants for synthetic fibers such as polyester and nylon are disclosed which are improved oxidation stable polyoxyalkylene lubricant compounds. Such lubricant compounds can be used alone as textile fiber lubricants or in combination with other polyoxyalkylene compounds useful as fiber lubricants but which are subject to oxidative degradation under conditions of heating at temperatures at least above 200.degree. C. An improved textile fiber is produced by the use of such fiber lubricants in conventional processes for producing continuous filament, false twist, textured yarn as well as other type yarns.The improved oxidation stable homopolymer and copolymer, i.e.

Abstract: Alkaline cleaning compositions are prepared by combining water, alkali metal hydroxide and certain surfactants which composition forms a gel when applied to a hot surface. These compositions are applied as a liquid to a hot surface to emulsify grease thereon. The surface is then allowed to cool sufficiently to cause the gelled composition thereon to revert to liquid form thereby facilitating its removal from the surface.

Abstract: There is disclosed a polyether polyol-organic polyisocyanate binder for bonding cellulosic materials under conditions of heat and pressure and a process therefor. Sticking to mold faces is eliminated and strong moisture-resistant bonds can be obtained using as starting materials cellulosic materials such as wood chips containing the moisture present under normal manufacturing conditions of temperature and humidity.

Abstract: There are disclosed a phosphorus-containing polyester and size compositions especially useful for sizing spun and continuous filament yarn produced from hydrophobic fibers and useful in protecting these fibers from abrasion during the weaving process. When the size is used alone or in mixtures with conventional size agents such as starches and polyvinyl alcohol, improved adhesion is obtained to hydrophobic fibers or blends thereof with cotton or other hydrophilic fibers. Polyester, polypropylene and polyamide and other fibers are effectively sized with the size compositions of the invention. The polyester consists of a branched chain phosphorus-containing polymer which is the reaction product of at least one dicarboxylic reactant, at least one diol or polyoxyalkylene glycol and a phosphorus acid reactant selected from the class consisting of phosphorus pentoxide, phosphoric acid and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: There are disclosed oxidation stable heteric or block copolymer polyoxyalkylene compositions suitable for the treatment of thermoplastic fibers, particularly polyester and nylon fibers, prior to the processing of such fibers in conventional processes to impart false twist, or to produce textured yarn or other type yarns by mechanical heat treatment and tensioning processes. The polyoxyalkylene compounds of the invention derived from lower alkylene oxides can be initiated with a difunctional aromatic compound containing reactive hydrogens such as a dihydroxyphenol to obtain an aromatic nucleus in the polymer chain and are capped on at least one end of the chain with an alpha-olefine epoxide or mixtures thereof with at least one aliphatic monocarboxylic acid. Hydroxyl functionality can be retained on one end of the molecule.

Abstract: An oxyalkylated, halogenated product useful in making polyurethane foams is prepared by reacting an epoxide compound with a halogenated aromatic hydroxyl-containing compound (phenol) which is either a monohydroxy or polyhydroxy compound. Said aromatic hydroxyl compound has a hydroxy group attached directly to the aromatic nucleus. By the process of the invention, hydroxyalkylation occurs in the presence of a catalyst selectively active in the predominant oxyalkylation of aromatic hydroxyl groups, said catalyst selected from the group consisting of zinc, magnesium and a zinc or magnesium salt as defined. The reaction mixture can include an aliphatic hydroxyl-containing compound, a neutral phosphorus compound, and aliphatic or aromatic anhydrides or mixtures thereof to enhance the flame-retardant properties of the oxyalkylated product.

Abstract: Shaped objects including synthetic polymeric fibers with improved antistatic properties are prepared by incorporation therein about 1 to about 15% of a polyester antistatic agent prepared by reacting an N,N-bis(hydroxyalkyl) taurine salt with an organic polycarboxylic acid. Incorporation of the polyester into a synthetic polymer is accomplished by the process of preparing a melt or solution of the synthetic polymer and the polyester and extruding from the melt or casting from the solution to provide films, fibers and other molded objects exhibiting antistatic properties. A process for the preparation of the polyester antistatic agents of the invention, and for the preparation of the N,N-bis(hydroxyalkyl) taurine salts is also disclosed.