Abstract: A non-slip handle for a hand held device, such as a tennis racket, which consists of a longitudinal opening in the center of the handle into which some cooling mechanism, such as a pressurized carbon dioxide gas container, a chemical mixture or dry ice, is inserted. Transverse openings or conducting members extending from the surface of the handle to the longitudinal opening allow the cooling mechanism to maintain the handle surface at a cool temperature reducing perspiration and resultant slippage.

Abstract: There is disclosed a safety device for releasing excessive pressure in a pressurizable container having a pressure release outlet, rupturable closure element in the form of a membrane which hermetically seals the outlet, a cutting device arranged to rupture the closure element when a predetermined maximum pressure in the container is exceeded, a rigid retaining device which holds the cutting device in a position out of engagement with the closure element when the container pressure is less than the predetermined maximum pressure, and a predetermined weakening provided on the retaining device which breaks when the predetermined maximum pressure is exceeded so as to allow the cutting device to move under the action of the pressure in the container so as to rupture the closure element. The retaining device is rigidly connected to the cutting device, and the latter is rigidly connected to a first plate.

Abstract: An electronic system, such as a telephone exchange, including at least two, redundant computers. One computer is operated in the active mode while one or more are maintained in a hot "standby mode" in readiness to take over the tasks of the active computer if this computer should fail. At least one "cross channel circuit" is provided for updating the memory of the standby computer(s) in accordance with changes made in the contents of the memory of the active computer. The cross channel circuit changes the contents of the memory of the standby computer only at addresses which are within a prescribed, contiguous range of addresses.

Abstract: A transceiver for use with a digital telephone apparatus adapted to be connected for duplex communication to a telephone speech transmission line includes a receiving unit and a transmitting unit. The receiving unit processes an incoming serial ternary level signal stream composed of alternate mark inverted (AMI) encoded pulses and received from the transmission line. A compensation filter compensates distortions of the transmitted signals. A full wave rectifier circuit generates unipolar output signals. A pulse detection circuit derives rectangular pulses from the unipolar output signals. A phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit reconstructs a clock pulse train from the rectangular pulses. The transmitting unit receives an outgoing serial data stream from the telephone apparatus and internal clock pulses from that PLL circuit and includes means for converting the pulses of the outgoing data stream into AMI encoded signals.

Abstract: A method for assuring valid measured values of breath alcohol concentration for the determination of the alcohol concentration in human blood by means of a gas analyzer operating on the principle of infrared absorption. Values of the rise of expiration concentration S(t) independent of the vital capacity of the subject, that is, the maximum expiration volume after deep inhalation, are calculated from the measured values of the breath alcohol concentration and expiration volume and subjected to a criterion comprising positive and negative threshold values (trigger levels) before they are released for further processing.The giving out of invalid measured values, which are attributable to too low an expiration volume, too short an expiration time, residual alcohol in the mouth or insufficient sample volume, is avoided.

Abstract: An improved drive mechanism for a "swivel type" load break switch has actuating means arranged generally within the plane of switch support frame in a space between the actuating shaft and an insulating post supporting cross member. The actuating shaft extends between side members of the support frame and projects beyond the side members at each side to permit attachment of a tool to open or close the switch. An advantageous arrangement of pawls, levers and springs connects the actuating shaft to the shaft that carries the pivoting switch contact post. The invention enables the construction of a relatively small, compact and simple load break switch.

Abstract: A configuration for a contact arrangement is disclosed for a switch having two coaxially positioned and generally cylindrical contacts. Each contact contains a coaxial core of ferromagnetic material, and a current-carrying envelope surrounding the core has the form of a helix. The helical envelope creates a current component which sets up a magnetic field in the widening contact gap when the contacts are separated that disperses arcing. Moreover, the field reinforces the closure pressure when the contacts are in their closed position. Ellipsoid shaping enables the field to be normal at all points of the contact-making surfaces.

Abstract: An improved insulating sheath for an electrical conductor, which is impregnated with a hardenable impregnating resin and afterwards hardened, has alternating layers of porous support and thermostable plastic foil support tapes of inorganic sheet type insulating material. The two tape multiple layered sheath gives increased dielectric strength and heat resistance without impairing resin impregnation capacity.

Abstract: A digital data telecommunications system comprises a central switching system and a plurality of line terminators each connecting the switching system to a pair of incoming and outgoing lines and each designed to convert serial data transmitted along the incoming and outgoing lines into formatted message characters for transfer through the switching system, and vice-versa. Control data stored in a connection memory for the duration of a call enable the switching system to interconnect sequentially each calling line terminator with the respective called line terminator in a time multiplex mode for transmitting one message character at a time. An arrangement for establishing multi-address connections includes an additional line terminator connected to receive a character of a multi-address message from a calling line terminator across the switching system. A distributing data bus connects this line terminator in parallel to all line terminators entitled to receive a multi-address message.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling a salient-pole machine includes a stator current control element to make the stator current i.sup.S follow preset desired values i.sub..phi..sup.S*. A field current control element develops from preset desired flux values .psi.*, from the flux signal output of a flux computer (direction .phi..sub.L) and from an inductance parameter (the shunt inductance X.sub.q of the machine) a fictitious field current value signal i.sub.O.sup.E*, which represents the field current value which would be used to control a hypothetical nonsalient-pole machine. This signal i.sub.O.sup.E* is modified by a correction factor derived from the product of the longitudinal component of the flux .psi..sub.d (from the flux computer) and the different between the reciprocals ((1/X.sub.q)-(1/X.sub.d)) of the shunt and series inductances of the machine, to give a field current control signal that accounts for the asymmetry of the salient-pole machine.

Abstract: A driving arrangement for electrical switches is described, which has a mechanical independent trip release mechanism. Toward this end, a coupling lever 46 is situated between a driving lever 26 and a coupling bar 27, whereby said coupling lever 46 is arranged on the coupling bar 27 and operated by a stationary configuration. For that purpose, an independent trip release lever 56 has been provided which is pivoted together with an activating element 55 for the coupling 46 by an off-switch jack 40 during the switch-off mode. The described independent trip release mechanism has been designed for manual or self-activating release as well as activation upon removal of a movable switch from a regulating cell. The new driving arrangement is especially suitable for applications with medium voltage type output switches, such as switches equipped with vacuum switching tubes.

Abstract: An electrohydraulic actuating drive for a valve is constructed as a compact drive block which is mounted on the housing of the valve. The drive block includes a support structure which supports other components of the actuating drive on the valve housing and which consists of two plate-shaped end walls one of which is secured to the valve housing, and at least two carrier members which interconnect the end walls and keep the other end wall at an axial distance from the one end wall. One of the other components of the actuating drive is a non-carrying removable tubular circumferential wall which surrounds the support structure and is in sealing contact with the end walls to form a storage receptacle for a low-pressure hydraulic fluid therewith. The remaining components of the actuating drive are a hydraulic pump, an electric motor driving the pump, a pressure storage, a hydraulic actuating cylinder-and-piston unit, a force storage spring and an electro-hydraulic transducer.

Abstract: An electrohydraulic actuating drive for a valve is constructed as a compact drive block which is mounted on the housing of the valve. The drive block includes a support structure which supports other components of the actuating drive on the valve housing and which includes a storage receptacle for a low-pressure hydraulic fluid.

Abstract: The apparatus forms a profilated collimator strip out of a band of deformable material. It contains a first and a second forming tool, both of which contain a row of forming teeth. The teeth may be hexagonal to form corresponding deformations having sidewalls greater in width than the top or bottom walls. In operation, the teeth are disposed oppositely and staggered with respect to each other. The apparatus also contains a device for performing a relative movement between the two tools, whereby the tools approach each other. The apparatus also includes a device for moving one of the tools parallel to the other one in an indexing step by step motion. In the method for forming a profilated collimator strip, a band is placed on one tool, whereby a portion of the band is located in the space between the two tools which are positioned oppositely to each other. Then the tools are approached to each other, the teeth thereby pressing the band into the predetermined shape.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for providing improved rotational speed determination for a rotating shaft. Two probes positioned adjacent a circular disk which rotates with the shaft scan markings on the disk and generate four out-of-phase signals in response to rotation of the shaft. A switch, controlled by logic circuitry which detects intersections of the signals, develops a composite saw-tooth-shaped signal from the four signals. A counter counts the number of crossings of the composite signal with a reference "zero" value to develop a determination of the number of discrete angular positions traversed by the shaft during a specified time interval. A memory stores the value of the composite signal at the start of the time interval. Computation circuitry develops a rotational speed based on the counted number of positions, corrected by a factor derived from the difference between the stored value and the value of the composite signal at the end of the interval.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for operating a converted-fed asynchronous electric motor which comprises a flux computer for determining the position of the flux vector from the input values for the stator voltage provided by said motor by solving all the electrical quantities of the Park equations describing said motor in a given position of the rotor axis, taking into account the parameter values corresponding to the rotor resistance and the stator resistance of said motor whereby signals corresponding to the position of the flux vector and belonging to a solution, can be tapped from said flux computer; a converter control unit coupled to said flux computer and said convertor rectifier respectively, forming the control quantities for driving the converter rectifier from the determined position of the flux vector and from the nominal input values which fix the components of the stator current vector parallel and perpendicular to the flux vector.

Abstract: A vacuum switching tube with a ring to generate an axial magnetic field.A vacuum switching tube is provided with a switching device member 12, which includes a conventional switching device 14 and an immediately adjacent axial field coil, which essentially consists of a galvanic open ring 20 with radially branching off conductor devices 22, 23 for current sink and drain. The inner diameter of the ring 20 approximates the outer diameter of the switching device 14. In this manner, an axially directed magnetic field is generated in the area of the contact surface of the switching device. The axially magnetic field counteracts the contraction of the switching light arcs.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method to detect the rotor resistance of an asynchronous machine, wherein a first vector attached to the emf of the machine is determined by computing the emf-vector or the flux vector from the stator voltages and the stator currents; wherein a flux attached to an arithmetic model circuit is determined, whereas the arithmetic model circuit uses the stator currents and the rotor position of the machine and an adjustable model parameter for the rotor resistance as basic quantities and imitates the dynamic events leading to the magnetic flux of the machine; wherein a difference of two quantities is determined, wherein the first quantity represents a defining quantity of the first vector attached to the machine and the second quantity represents a respective defining quantity of a second vector derivable from the imitated flux and that the setting of a model parameter is varied until the value of the difference is a minimum, whereas the model parameter corresponding to the minimum of the difference

Abstract: A contact system for a gas blast circuit breaker has a nozzle-shaped fixed first contact piece, a coaxially mounted nozzle-shaped axially movable second contact piece and a movable bridging element common to both contact pieces. Spring biasing serves to urge the end faces of the first and second contact pieces together in the breaker make position. The breaker driving means moves the bridging contact piece out of a position of electrical connection between the first and second contact pieces during the breaking process, before the second contact is separated from the first contact. The arc at breaking is thus drawn only between the first and second contact pieces which are fitted with graphite electrodes to resist burn-off. This protects the current paths which are intended to carry the rated current and the short circuit current in the make position from damage due to arcing.

Abstract: The apparatus contains a detector for detecting radiation emitted from an object under examination, and a device associated therewith for forming an imaging signal. The imaging signal is composed of a sequence of individual image signals each of which represents an individual radiation image of the object under examination. The imaging signal comprises a first individual image signal and second individual image signals following the first individual image signal. The apparatus also contains a signal processing circuit for processing the imaging signal and for forming a display signal thereof, and a display device for receiving the display signal and for displaying a sequence of images of the object under examination. In particular, the signal processing device basically contains three functional elements, that is a storage device, a subtractor, and an evaluation circuit. The storage device is provided for storing the first individual image signal, thereby forming a reference image signal.