Abstract: A loop bandwidth control apparatus applied to a phase locked loop (PLL) includes a first loop filter module, a second loop filter module, a control module, a first switching module, and a second switching module. The first filter module and the second loop filter module output a first voltage and a second voltage, respectively. The second loop filter module has a bandwidth different from that of the first loop filter module. According to one of the first voltage and the second voltage, the control module generates a bandwidth control signal. According to the bandwidth control signal, the first switching module forms a path between a charge pump and one of the first loop filter module and the second loop filter module, and the second switching module forms a path between a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and one of the first loop filter module and the second loop filter module.

Abstract: Playing cards carry conductive material which may be wirelessly interrogated via radio frequency transmission to identify a rank and/or suit for monitoring a card game. Chips carry conductive material which may be wirelessly interrogated via radio frequency transmission to identify a value for monitoring wagering in a card game.