Abstract: A vinyl grafted lignite fluid loss additive comprising a lignite grafted with at least one vinyl monomer selected from the group consisting of: dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide, methacrylamido propyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, N-vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and diallylamine. The vinyl monomer may also be blended with at least one co-monomer. Preferred co-monomers are: 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, dimethylacrylamide, acrylamide, vinylpyrrolidone, vinylacetate, acrylonitrile, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, styrenesulfonate, vinylsulfonate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl chloride quaternary, acrylic acid and its salts.

Abstract: A method of producing naphthenic acid having the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is H or Me,X is chosen, at each occurrence, from O or NH, andn is a small whole number of from 1-10,which comprises reacting an amine of the formula ##STR2## where R.sub.1 is H or Me,X is chosen, at each occurrence, from O or NH, andn is a small whole number of from 1-10,with a petroleum fraction containing naphthenic acids to form a salt and then heating the petroleum fraction containing the naphthenic acid-amine salt to a temperature of at least 25.degree. F. greater than the boiling point of water for a time sufficient to convert the amine salts to the amides and then recovering the thus produced amides.

Abstract: A method for clarifying water by liquid/solid separation comprising dosing the water to be clarified with a copolymer produced by the emulsion polymerization of only hydrophobic monomers where at least one hydrophobic monomer is an amine containing monomer which is hydrophobic when the amine is neutral and hydrophilic when the amine is salified.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the corrosion of the metal surfaces of beer pasteurizing units in contact with halogenated water vapor which comprise treating these halogenated waters with at least 1/4 ppm sulfamic acid for each ppm of halogen present in these waters.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion in industrial cooling waters which contain hardness and a pH of at least 6.5, by dosing the water with a composition which comprises a water-soluble inorganic phosphate capable of inhibiting corrosion in an aqueous alkaline environment and a hydrocarbon polymer containing an N-substituted acrylamide polymers with an amide structure as follows: ##STR1## where R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl, where R.sub.1 is a hydrogen or an alkyl and R is alkylene or phenylene, and X is sulfonate, (poly)hydroxyl, (poly)carboxyl or carbonyl, and combinations thereof; or containing derivatized maleic anhydride homo-, co- and terpolymers having N-substituted maleamic acid units, N-substituted maleimide units and maleic acid (and salts) units having a structure as follows: ##STR2## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: An aqueous concentrate useful for treating boiler waters to scavenge oxygen therefrom which contains at least 0.3% by weight of either gallic acid or propyl gallate. This aqueous concentrate has a pH adjusted to at least 8.5 by a water-soluble neutralizing amine of the type used to treat boiler waters. Additionally, a method for treating boiler waters with an oxygen scavenger.

Abstract: Urea is used to pacify "stickies" in the manufacture of paper products, particularly coated boxboard.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion in industrial cooling waters which contain hardness and a pH of at least 6.5, by dosing the water with a composition which comprises a water-soluble inorganic phosphate capable of inhibiting corrosion in an aqueous alkaline environment and a hydrocarbon polymer containing an N-substituted acrylamide polymers with an amide structure as follows: ##STR1## where R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl, where R.sub.1 is a hydrogen or an alkyl and R is alkylene or phenylene, and X is sulfonate, (poly)hydroxyl, (poly)carboxyl or carbonyl, and combinations thereof; or containing derivatized maleic anhydride homo-, co- and terpolymers having N-substituted maleamic acid units, N-substituted maleimide units and maleic acid (and salts) units having a structure as follows: ##STR2## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: A substantially water-insoluble, slightly cross-linked, partially neutralized, hydrogen-forming polymer composition consisting essentially of(a) from about 50 mole percent to 99.999 mole percent of polymerizable acid group-containing monomers, and(b) from about 0.001 mole percent to 10 mole percent of a water-soluble polyamine;said hydrogel-forming polymer composition having been formed by reacting a water-soluble acid group-containing vinyl polymer with a water-soluble polyamine at a temperature sufficient to convert the substantial portion of the amino groups of the water-soluble polyamine into amido groups.

Abstract: A process of making a water-in-oil emulsion which contains from 5-60% by weight of a hydrophobic acrylamide terpolymer composed of the random repeating units: ##STR1## where: R is methyl or hydrogen,M is hydrogen, alkali metal, ammonia, or amine,R.sup.1 is a hydrophobic radical,with the mol ratio of A:B:C being A(2-50):B(50-98):C(0.1-15), which comprises reacting a 5-60% by weight water-in-oil emulsion of an acrylamide polymer with a hydrophobic amine at a temperature above 120.degree. C. for a period of time sufficient to transamidate the acrylamide groups in the acrylamide polymer with the hydrophobic amine.

Abstract: In a method of recovering volatile organic paint carrier from paint spray booths and also collecting, detackifying, and dispersing paint solids obtained from paint overspray in said paint spray booths, which paint spray booths are of the type comprising a chamber, a duct system for passing air through said chamber, an exhaust system connected to said duct system, a sump containing a circulating hydrophilic liquid which is pumped onto a means for forming a liquid curtain of said hydrophilic liquid, said liquid curtain being contacted by oversprayed paint and volatile organic paint carrier; the improvement which comprises using as the hydrophilic liquid an improved oil-in-water emulsion maintained at a pH value ranging from 7.5-11.0, which emulsion consists essentially of the ingredients:(a) from 5-50 weight percent, of an organic hydrocarbonaceous liquid having a boiling point of at least 150.degree. C.;(b) from 0.

Abstract: A method for producing a silica sols containing less than 150 ppm sodium haivng an average particle size of 2-110 nm, and a particle size distribution with a coefficient dispersion of 0.16-0.4. The silica sols are produced using a KOH heal to which aliquots of modified silicic acid containing acidic anions are added. The aliquots are added to maintain a substantially constant concentration of colloidal silica in the product. Subsequent to production, the sols may be concentrated by ultrafiltration.Preparation of low sodium silica sols utilizing a constant silica technique by heating the initial heel to a temperature greater than 80.degree. C. and adding additional silica maintaining an approximately constant total silica. The stabilization is effected with a KOH.

Abstract: An improved froth flotation process wherein solid coal particles are selectively separated under coal froth flotation conditions as a froth phase from remaining solid feed particles as an aqueous phase in the presence of a frother, the improvement comprising a frother of at least 4-methyl cyclohexane methanol.

Abstract: A drawing and stamping extreme pressure lubricant for steel and aluminum which comprises a water-in-oil micro-emulsion which consists essentially of about 2 to 30 percent of a 500 to 3,000 s.u.s. hydrocarbon oil and suitable emulsifiers and stabilizers used as the base for the emulsion including tall oil fatty acids, triethanolamine soaps, petroleum sulfonates, and non-ionic emulsifiers. By substituting an ethoxylated vegetable oil, such as caster oil, etc., for the hydrocarbon oil in the above formulation, a second extreme pressure lubricant is arrived at. Thus, this lubricant consists of 2 to 30 percent of an oxidized vegetable oil polymer where the oxidized portion is 4 to 30 moles selected from a group consisting of ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO), and ethylene/propylene oxide (EO/PO) units of vegetable oil.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting scale, generally and specifically and preferably calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate scale, which is found on metal surfaces in contact with industrial cooling waters, boiler waters, oil well drilling waters, and evaporated sea water, which comprises treating the water present in such systems with a few ppm of a water-soluble anionic co- or terpolymer of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) or vinyl amide. The preferred anionic comonomers are either acrylic or methacrylic acid.

Abstract: A composition and method for inhibiting corrosion in industrial cooling waters which contain hardness and have a pH of at least 8, which composition comprises a water-soluble organic phosphonate capable of inhibiting corrosion in an aqueous alkaline environment and a co- or terpolymer of acrylic acid and certain substituted acrylamides such as t-butyl acrylamide.

Abstract: A dispersant for vinyl acetate process streams has been found, which dispersant acts as an antifoulant, preventing formation of fouling tars, polymers, debris, and the like, in the process streams involved in the manufacture of vinyl acetate monomer. The antifoulant/dispersant is primarily composed of hydrocarbonaceous sulfonic acids which may optionally be admixed organic polar solvents and tall oil fatty acids.

Abstract: Triphenylphosphine oxide prevents fouling in ethylene furnaces.

Abstract: New zinc stabilizing polymers containing at least 5 mole percent of a monomer represented by the structure: ##STR1## wherein: R is independently, at each occurrence, chosen from H and lower (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl groups;R' is a hydrocarbonaceous bridging group containing from 1-12 carbon atoms;X is chosen from --SO.sub.3 M, --OH, --COOM groups or mixtures thereof,M is hydrogen or some other cation species; andn ranges from 1-10, are described. Also, the use of these polymers in combination with zinc salts, and in further combination with phosphate salts, to inhibit corrosion of iron containing metals, and other metals, when these metals are exposed to industrial waters is demonstrated. Deposit control or scale inhibition on these metals exposed to industrial waters is also observed.

Abstract: A method of improving the SO.sub.2 scrubbing efficiency of flue gas desulfurization scrubbers which comprises treating the scrubbers during the scrubbing operations with a dibasic carboxylic acid and an oil-soluble surfactant combined in a weight ratio of at least 1:3.