Abstract: A method for grafting maleic anhydride groups to the surface of polyolefins s described. The method uses an excited inert gas phase species in contact with the polyolefin and solid maleic anhydride. The surface functionality is identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The modified polyolefin has an increased ability to form a thermal bond with metals, including aluminum.

Abstract: The bidet is installed as an addition to a conventional toilet bowl having a hinged seat and lid. A nozzle arm is pivotable from an at-rest position, where the nozzle is tucked away unobtrusively under the toilet seat near the rim of the toilet bowl, to an operative spray position in which the nozzle is positioned centrally, to direct a gentle spray of water upwards at the underbody premises of a person sitting on the toilet bowl. Rotation of the lever arm causes a cam to push a spring-loaded plunger open, to produce a flow of water from a supply line, to the nozzle. When the toilet seat is raised, a spring raises the bidet assembly along with the seat, not only keeping it out of the way for male urination, but also facilitating cleaning of the toilet bowl.