Abstract: A low energy method of pyrolysis of rubber or other hydrocarbon material is provided. The hydrocarbon material is heated while maintaining a vacuum, using a clay catalyst. In an additional embodiment, the temperature of the reaction chamber and corresponding fuel input is varied either over time or spatially within the reaction chamber, to take advantage of the exothermic properties of the reaction. With the method of the present invention, a higher quality solid reaction product can be achieved, as well as a liquid having reduced polyaromatic hydrocarbons and oxidized organic contaminants.

Abstract: A low energy method of pyrolysis of rubber or other hydrocarbon material is provided. The hydrocarbon material is heated while maintaining a vacuum, using a clay catalyst. In an additional embodiment, also under a vacuum and optionally with or without the catalyst, the temperature of the reaction chamber and corresponding fuel input is varied either over time or spatially within the reaction chamber, to take advantage of the exothermic properties of the reaction. With the method of the present invention, an improved solid reaction product can be achieved.

Abstract: A method of inspecting an automotive wheel includes providing an inspection station having a light source for illuminating the wheel, and a camera having a zoom lens. The automotive wheel is positioned in the inspection station and the wheel is illuminated to generate a first image including the reference feature. After the first image information has been delivered to the processor, the model of the automotive wheel is determined on the basis of data stored in the processor and the parameters to be used during the inspection of the particular model are employed in the subsequent inspection. The processor determines the position of the reference feature and determines whether the automotive wheel is in the desired position. If not, the wheel is rotated to move the reference feature toward the desired position.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a miniaturized structure and associated method function as a mass spectrometer or analyzer and may, with modification, function as an ion generator. The miniaturized structure has a pair of generally planar parallel spaced electrodes which have projecting walls cooperating to define an ion generating chamber and an exit aperture. By controlling the electric field which is oriented perpendicular to an applied magnetic field, the ion beam may be separated into a plurality beams based upon mass to charge ratio with a predetermined mass to charge ratio emerging from the exit of the apparatus and when the apparatus is functioning as a mass spectrometer or analyzer impinges on an ion collector which responsively transmits information to a cooperating processor. Where it is desired to have it function as an ionizer the ion collector disposed adjacent the ion exit is eliminated.

Abstract: A method of resisting corrosion in concrete containing metal elements is provided. It includes introducing into fresh concrete, containing metal elements, at least one compound capable of sequestering chloride ions. The method may also involve employing a compound which is capable of establishing a corrosion resistant oxide layer on the metal reinforcing elements. The invention also includes certain compounds which may be employed in the method as well as concrete structures containing the compounds. In another embodiment of the invention, concrete structures may be rehabilitated by providing an overlay containing a compound of the type which will contribute to corrosion resistance either through chloride ion sequestering or creating barriers around metal structural elements with the overlay being provided in situ or as a preformed member and with possible use of a slurry in combination with an overlay segment.

Abstract: Methods of treating a carbon foam precursor to facilitate subsequent foaming of the material at low pressures, which may be on the order of about 0.5 to 1.5 atmospheres, are disclosed. In one embodiment, the carbon foam precursor is subjected to partial devolatilization under controlled conditions with subsequent foaming being effected at low pressure. The carbon foam precursor may be one of various forms of coal including raw coal, coal extract mesophase pitch, synthetic mesophase pitch or petroleum based pitch. The prefoaming treatment of the carbon foam precursor may remove a portion of the internal blowing agent and may alter the fluidity of the carbon foam precursor matrix. In another embodiment, the precursor after being converted into a powder is subjected to oxidation prior to foaming.

Abstract: An aerially deployable position marking device includes an elongated housing, a handle secured to the housing, a ground engaging portion at or adjacent the lower end of the housing and at least one locating element which may take the form of visibility enhancing elements which are nonenergized, electrically energized, visibility enhancing devices or acoustic devices or energy releasing elements which release RF signals or other sources of energy as well as other types. Appropriate sources of energy and switch or switches may be provided.

Abstract: A vent which is attachable but not attached to a structure includes a body having openings for passage of air therethrough while resisting undesired entry of foreign matter. The body has a plurality of fastener receiving passageways. Passageways have an entry end and an exit end and fasteners extend into the passageways for retention therein prior to securement of the vent to the structure. The passageways are preferably composed of a resilient material and the passageway opening has at least portions of lesser opening size than the average diameter of the shank of the fasteners such as nails. In another embodiment, the passageways may be composed of a suitable metal. The passageway may have radially inwardly projecting portions which define a generally triangular segmented surface for retention of the fastener. The vent may be a roof ridge ventilator or other type of vent.

Abstract: A rock drilling apparatus includes a drill string terminating in a drill chuck (32) and a drill bit (16) detachably fitted into the drill chuck, the drill bit having a shank (18) received in the drill chuck, the drill chuck (32) and the drill bit shank (18) having complementary splines and grooves allowing rotation or movement of the drill chuck to be transmitted to the drill bit whilst allowing limited longitudinal movement of the drill chuck relative to the drill bit. The drill bit has a drill head (22) at its lower end which is of greater diameter than said shank, said head having a part (26) above that lower end and below the splined region.

Abstract: A method of speciated isotope dilution mass spectrometry (SIDMS) which will permit determination of concentrations of one or more species from a sample even if the sample has been subjected to species conversion prior to species separation or degradation or incomplete separation exists. At least one predetermined stable isotope is spiked to convert the stable isotope to a speciated enriched isotope corresponding to the specie or species to be measured in the sample. The sample containing the species to be measured is spiked and the isotopic spiked specie and species to be measured are equilibrated. The species are separated from the sample and an isotope ratio determination for each specie to be measured is made. The species concentrations are then mathematically deconvoluted while correcting for species conversion and/or incomplete separation. The method may be employed to validate other methods. The method may also be employed in the preparation and analysis of speciated standard reference materials.

Abstract: A multifocal contact lens structured to provide simultaneous distant and near vision includes a transparent lens body having an inner concave surface and an outer convex surface. The lens body has an aspherical central portion structured to provide distant vision and an adjacent annular spherical portion structured to provide near vision. The aspherical central portion, and annular spherical portion may be provided on the inner surface of the lens. In an alternate embodiment, a spherical central near vision portion and an annular aspheric distance vision portion may be employed. The spherical and aspherical portions merge in a gradual manner to avoid undesired liner of demarcation therebetween.

Abstract: In some embodiments, alternate sources of aluminum or calcium are provided in various ways including the desired compounds. The further object of the present invention contemplate in situ creation of the compound in interest in fresh concrete and as a slurry which can be employed in remediation of existing concrete structures. A method of resisting corrosion in concrete containing metal elements is provided. It includes introducing into fresh concrete, containing metal elements, at least one compound capable of sequestering chloride ions. The method may also involve employing a compound which is capable of establishing a corrosion resistant oxide layer on the metal reinforcing elements. The invention also includes certain compounds which may be employed in the method as well as concrete structures containing the compounds.

Abstract: Apparatus for manufacturing or processing articles includes smart microcontroller boards which cooperate with sensors and a communication system to monitor and control manufacturing processes. Microcontroller boards disposed within a container create a microprocessor module which is secured to the apparatus for controlling the same responsive to information provided to them. Sensors are provided for monitoring operation of the apparatus and providing such information to the microcontroller boards. The communication system provides for communication between the sensors and the microcontroller boards, among microcontroller boards and between the microcontroller boards and other portions of the apparatus which are to be subjected to responsive control. In a preferred embodiment, the microcontroller boards are positioned within a container which is secured in a recess in the apparatus and has an overlying material covering the boards. A plurality of microcontroller modules may be employed in a system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for using a resultant field of force such as gravity operating on a constrained agglomeration of a flowable granular material, produces a useful force which can serve to move an article along a predetermined path. The process and apparatus may involve elevating the article, moving it along a horizontal path or lowering the article.

Abstract: A method of preventing an ink from increasing in viscosity is praticed by repeatedly performing the steps of supplying provided from an ink supply-aspiration nozzle to an ink reservoir provided between an inking roll and a squeeze roll pressed into contact with the inking roll, moving the nozzle toward one end of the reservoir and causing the nozzle to aspirate a predetermined amount of ink to produce a flow of ink in the reservoir toward the end thereof, and moving the nozzle toward the other end of the reservoir and similarly causing the nozzle to aspirate a predetermined amount of ink to thereby produce a flow of ink toward the other end. A diluting liquid is supplied to the reservoir while performing these steps.

Abstract: A method of resisting corrosion in concrete containing metal elements is provided. It includes introducing into fresh concrete, containing metal elements, at least one compound capable of sequestering chloride ions. The method may also involve employing a compound which is capable of establishing a corrosion resistant oxide layer on the metal reinforcing elements. The invention also includes certain compounds which may be employed in the method as well as concrete structures containing the compounds.

Abstract: A pressure regulator suitable for use as a breathing demand valve in self-contained breathing equipment comprising a first chamber incorporating an inlet port having an inlet valve therein, preferably in the form of a poppet valve and biased so as to seal of the inlet port, and separated from a second chamber by a diaphragm. The diaphragm co-operates with the end of a stem extending from the poppet valve member of the inlet valve such that, upon inhalation by the user, the diaphragm is deflected towards the inlet valve and exerts a force on the poppet valve stem sufficient to open the poppet valve and, upon exhalation by the user, the diaphragm is deflected away form the inlet valve so that the diaphragm no longer contacts the end of the poppet valve stem and the inlet valve closes.

Abstract: Apparatus for manufacturing or processing articles includes smart microcontroller boards which cooperate with sensors and a communication system to monitor and control manufacturing processes. Microcontroller boards disposed within a container create a microprocessor module which is secured to the apparatus for controlling the same responsive to information provided to them. Sensors are provided for monitoring operation of the apparatus and providing such information to the microcontroller boards. The communication system provides for communication between the sensors and the microcontroller boards, among microcontroller boards and between the microcontroller boards and other portions of the apparatus which are to be subjected to responsive control. In a preferred embodiment, the microcontroller boards are positioned within a container which is secured in a recess in the apparatus and has an overlying material covering the boards. A plurality of microcontroller modules may be employed in a system.

Abstract: The top of a carton, with opposite main panels and opposite side panels, has an inner and outer major flap hinged to opposite main panels. The outer major flap has a fold line extending along its length in parallel to a hinge line joining the outer major flap and a main panel. At each side panel, an ear has an ear portion hinged to the side panel and an ear portion hinged to the outer major flap. With this arrangement, the carton may be re-closed by pressing the ears down against the outer major flap so that the outer major flap folds about fold line into a concave V-shape.

Abstract: Methods of creating tamper resistant informational articles and related products are disclosed. In one embodiment, a lens has a preformed transparent hologram, metallized portions are provided and may be altered through selective application of heat to predetermined parts thereof to create information which may be fixed or variable. Printing may be provided on the hologram before metallizing. A base portion underlies the metallized layer. In yet another embodiment of the invention, an opaque base portion has a hologram formed in the upper surface thereof with portions of the hologram being made readily visible by partial metallization covering only portions of the hologram with or without information provided as by printing overlying or underlying portions of the metallized sector or both. A transparent overlying lens is secured in overlying relationship. Metallizing may be such as to permit viewing underlying hologram portions or information or not. A corresponding method is provided.