Abstract: A method for preparation of solid particulate polyacetal carboxylate. The method comprises agglomerating a solution comprising less than about 1% by weight methanol and between about 30% by weight and about 60% by weight polyacetal carboxylate onto a substrate to produce a free-flowing particulate solid. The solid comprises between about 30% by weight and about 55% by weight polyacetal carboxylate. The polyacetal carboxylate corresponds to the formula: ##STR1## where n is at least about 4 and represents the average chain length of the polyacetal carboxylate in the mixture, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected chemically stable groups that stabilize the polymer against rapid depolymerization in alkaline solution, and M is selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, ammonium, alkyl groups of 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, tetraalkyl ammonium groups, and alkanolamine groups having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.

Abstract: Gallium is recovered from gallium arsenide by reacting and dissolving the gallium arsenide with an oxidant and a complexing agent, especially with water insoluble hydroxamic acids with mild conditions, e.g. with aqueous hydrogen peroxide and mild temperature, to effect separation of gallium hydroxamic acid chelates from water soluble arsenic compounds.

Abstract: Catalysts useful to catalyze the nitration of aromatic compounds in the vapor phase to produce nitroaromatic compounds are prepared by contacting a Group 4b-Group 3b metal oxide composition represented by the empirical formula:(M.sup.1.sub.a M.sup.2.sub.b O.sub.c).sub.x (NO.sub.2).sub.ywherein M.sup.1 is at least one element selected from Group 4b of the Periodic Table of the Elements, M.sup.2 is at least one element selected from Group 3b of the Periodic Table of the Elements, a is 1, b is 0 to 20, c is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition, x is 1, and y is 0 to c, with a catalytically effective amount of sulfur trioxide. Such catalysts are particularly effective to catalyze the vapor phase nitration of chlorobenzene and are characterized in such reaction by providing a para/ortho isomer distribution ratio of at least about 2/1.

Abstract: Catalysts comprising the adduct of a Group 4b-Group 3b metal oxide composition represented by the empirical formula:(M.sup.1.sub.a M.sup.2.sub.b O.sub.c).sub.x (NO.sub.2).sub.ywherein M.sup.1 is at least one element selected from Group 4b of the Periodic Table of the Elements, M.sup.2 is at least one element selected from Group 3b of the Periodic Table of the Elements, a is 1, b is 0.05 to 20, c is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition, x is 1, and y is 0 to c, and a catalytically effective amount of sulfur trioxide are useful to catalyze the nitration of aromatic compounds in the vapor phase to produce nitroaromatic compounds. The catalysts are particularly effective to catalyze the vapor phase nitration of chlorobenzene and are characterized in such reaction by providing a para/ortho isomer distribution ratio of at least about 2/1.

Abstract: Gallium is extracted in the presence of other metals from gallium bearing aqueous solutions, by contact with organic solvent containing N-organo hydroxamic acids, particularly at described acid and alkaline pH ranges; and recovered from the organic solvent. New gallium complexes and certain N-organo hydroxamic acids are also provided.

Abstract: Phenyldichlorophosphine is prepared by contacting benzene with phosphorus trichloride in the vapor phase at a temperature from about 100.degree. C. to about 145.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of aluminum metal and an activating amount of aluminum chloride.

Abstract: The present invention provides for an improved process wherein an olefin, an alcohol, or an ester, halide or ether derivative of said alcohol is reacted with carbon monoxide in a liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst system that contains (a) a rhodium component, and (b) and iodine or bromine component. By passing at least a portion of the liquid reaction mass from the reaction zone to a separation zone of substantially lower CO partial pressure, at least a portion of the carbonylation products, as well as unreacted carbon monoxide, inert gases and unreacted olefin, alcohol or alcohol derivatives are vaporized and can be withdrawn from the separation zone. Precipitation of the rhodium catalyst under carbon monoxide deficient conditions is prevented or retarded by addition to the carbon monoxide deficient zones of the system of a catalyst stabilizer which is a germanium (IV) compound, an alkali metal compound, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Crystalline calcium sodium metaphosphate is prepared by (a) forming a wet mix slurry having a composition on a dry basis equivalent to a CaO/Na.sub.2 O/P.sub.2 O.sub.5 mol percent ratio of about 24.0-34.0/12.0-18.0/50.0-60.0, with the proviso that the CaO/Na.sub.2 O mol ratio is from about 1.60 to about 2.00, (b) forming and growing product crystals of calcium sodium metaphosphate under crystal formation and growth conditions between the solid phase of the wet mix slurry and substrate crystals of calcium sodium metaphosphate.

Abstract: Substantially crystalline calcium sodium metaphosphate having a degree of crystallinity from about 60% to about 75% as determined from density and differential thermal analysis measurements is prepared by (a) forming a dry mixture of source materials for CaO, Na.sub.2 O, and P.sub.2 O.sub.5 in proportions sufficient to provide a CaO/Na.sub.2 O/P.sub.2 O.sub.5 mol percent ratio on a dry basis of about 29.0-34.0/16.0-18.0/50.0-53.0 and (b) heating the mixture at a temperature and for a time sufficient devolatilize the mixture and calcine the resulting mixture to form the substantially crystalline calcium soldium metaphosphate.

Abstract: Substantially crystalline calcium sodium metaphosphate having a degree of crystallinity from about 60% to about 75% as determined from density and differential thermal analysis measurements is prepared by (a) bringing together in water source materials for CaO, Na.sub.2 O, and P.sub.2 O.sub.5 in proportions sufficient to provide a CaO/Na.sub.2 O/P.sub.2 O.sub.5 mol percent ratio on a dry basis of about 29.0-34.0/16.0-18.0/50.0-53.0 and form a wet mix slurry containing a solid phase and an aqueous liquid phase and (b) heating the wet mix slurry at a temperature and for a time sufficient to remove the aqueous liquid phase and calcine the resulting solid phase to form the substantially crystalline calcium sodium metaphosphate.

Abstract: A catalyst system having high activity and selectivity to carbonylation products comprises a rhodium-containing catalytically active component and a halogen-containing promoter component, the halogen being selected from the group consisting of bromine, iodine, bromide compounds, and iodide compounds.

Abstract: Asbestiform crystalline calcium sodium metaphosphate fibers are prepared by (a) forming a homogeneous melt of substantially crystalline calcium sodium metaphosphate having a composition on a dry basis equivalent to a CaO/Na.sub.2 O/P.sub.2 O.sub.5 mol percent ratio of about 29.0-34.0/16.0-18.0/50.0-53.0 and a degree of crystallinity from about 60% to about 75% as determined from density and differential thermal analysis measurements, (b) supercooling the homogeneous melt, (c) seeding the supercool melt with calcium sodium metaphosphate crystals, (d) maintaining the seeded supercooled melt at the seeding temperature under isothermal conditions for a time sufficient to form crystalline blocks of calcium sodium metaphosphate, and (e) fiberizing the crystalline blocks.

Abstract: Silahydrocarbons such as tetraorganosilanes prepared from halo-substituted silanes and an organomagnesium compound in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a thiocyanate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tablet suitable for disinfecting a flush toilet comprising an alkali metal salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid and either calcium chloride or barium chloride, in which the mole ratio of the alkali metal salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid to chloride salt is no greater than 4:1. Also disclosed is a method of using the tablet.

Abstract: Silahydrocarbons such as tetraorganosilanes prepared from halo-substituted silanes and an organomagnesium compound in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a cyanide.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for carrying out and studying catalysis and catalyzed chemical reactions. Disclosed is a reactor with a catalyst zone, under vacuum, into which a very rapid pulse of reactant gas is pulsed. The products are analyzed by a real-time method of analysis, such as mass spectrometry. The apparatus and method can detect reaction intermediates and products, and can indicate their sequence of production.

Abstract: Galactomannan gum-thickened aqueous compositions are stabilized with a dimercaptothiadiazole.

Abstract: Apparatus for manipulating large sections of non-rectangular shaped artificial turf which facilitates repeated covering and uncovering of a surface with such turf. The apparatus comprises at least one belt removably attached to an oblique margin of the artificial turf to provide non-deflecting support for a roll of artificial turf wrapped onto an elongated cylindrical pole. More specifically, the apparatus allows for a non-rectangular shaped segment of artificial turf, for instance, such as utilized in a baseball field, to be deployed and recovered with the assistance of a pneumatic cushion.

Abstract: Elongated, bendable drainage mat having a rectangular transverse cross section and comprising a polymeric core having a plurality of substantially rigid fingers extending from one side of a layer and an enveloping water permeable fabric having a permittivity from 0.2 seconds.sup.-1 to 2.0 seconds.sup.-1 and a dynamic permeability after 10.sup.6 loadings of at least 10.sup.-4 centimeters per second.Apparatus and systems using such drainage mat.

Abstract: A laminate structure with improved acoustical absorption is provided which has a first and a third layer of foamed thermoplastic material and a second layer, intermediate the first and third layers, which is a material having acoustical properties different from the properties of the material of the first and third layers. A portion of the surface area of each layer is adhesively bonded to the adjacent layer. A sheet of paper or fabric is adhesively bonded to at least the outer surfaces of the first and third layers.