Abstract: An apparatus for coating surfaces consists of a basin, open to the atmosphere, divided into two channels by a wall running perpendicular to the coating direction. Liquid is supplied to the primary channel, the channel farther from the curtain. A continuous, adjustable gap between the dividing wall and the bottom of the basin offers resistance to flow but passes the coating composition from the primary to the secondary channel. The secondary channel has an edge that is horizontal and relatively low so that the coating composition overflows it to form a free-falling curtain. The dividing wall, by providing flow resistance, assists in distributing the supplied coating composition along the length of the primary channel, and reduces any flow disturbances caused by the entering coating composition. The secondary channel promotes additional evening of the flow distribution before the curtain forms.

Abstract: A process of dissolving solid waste material in packed beds comprises the addition to the packed bed of a solvent for the solid waste and a material which releases a gas on contact with the solvent which forms channels in the packed bed allowing more rapid access of the solvent to the bed.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are described for setting liquid photographic materials which have been applied as a coating on a support web, while the coated web is moving substantially horizontally with the liquid materials on the underside of the web. Chilling of the liquid materials may be commenced while the web is moving upwards or downwards after coating, but any setting is not permitted to occur until the web has been turned to move substantially horizontally with the liquid materials on the underside. In this way, gravity and surface tension forces act in opposition to one another where the coating lies adjacent surface non-uniformities in the web and tend to retain the uniformity of coating thickness achieved at the time of coating.

Abstract: A dimethylamine silver bromide complex is used as a single source precursor for nucleation of silver bromide crystals.

Abstract: A dimethylamine silver chloro-iodide complex is used as a single source precursor for iodide incorporation in silver chloride crystals.

Abstract: A coating hopper (10) for coating a radiation-sensitive emulsion on a photographic support (24) is fabricated from hopper bars (12) comprising an inlet slot (16) and a discharge slot (18), said bar (12) comprising a body and hopper lip (22), wherein the body of the bar comprises a metal or metal alloy and the lip area comprises a ceramic insert (30) with a high elastic modulus and low density. The hopper with the ceramic insert prevents the formation of streaks in the emulsion coating layer or layers on the support.

Abstract: A dimethylamine silver chloride complex is used as a single source precursor for nucleation of silver chloride crystals.

Abstract: A dimeitylarnine silver bromo-iodide complex is used as a single source precursor for iodide incorporation in silver bromide crystals.

Abstract: A substrate is rotated at a first bead of less than or equal to 500 rpm per second. A coating composition solution is applied to the substrate at this point. The substrate is then accelerated at a first rate of between 300 and 1200 rpm per second. When the speed of the substrate reaches approximately 3000 rpm per second, a second acceleration is initiated at a second rate of greater than or equal to 3000 rpm. The coating composition is set and the substrate is decelerated. This process provides a more conformal coating of the composition providing better push-pull unwritten variability.

Abstract: Preparing an electrically conductive ceramic composite by the steps of:1) mixing and milling tetragonal zirconia alloy or a composite of zirconia-alumina with zirconium diboride, and2) pressing in a die and sintering in an argon atmosphere between 1300.degree. and 1700.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for preparing a ceramic article comprising compacting a particulate alloy of a primary oxide and a secondary oxide to form a blank, and sintering the blank in contact with substantially pure zirconium oxide. The primary oxide is zirconium oxide and the secondary oxide is selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO, Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, Sc.sub.2 O.sub.3, rare earth oxides and combinations thereof. Ceramic articles produced have tetragonal phase cores and monoclinic cases.

Abstract: There is described a process for depolymerizing polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate polyester to monomer components comprising esters such as dimethyl terephthalate and purifying the ester by sublimation, which purified ester can then be used to make virgin polyester.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for stretching and aligning film sheets to a lenticular substrate comprising supporting members for the film sheet, two actuator assemblies positioned on opposite sides of a film sheet with a rigid bar member connecting the actuator means, "flexible" clamping members to engage the edges of the film sheet, a constraint member for the film sheet and lenticular substrate and detection means to detect errors in positioning of the film sheet image (substrate) and lenticular substrate.

Abstract: A method of characterizing the roughness of a surface comprises counting peaks on a surface using a sensor by locating direction changes above a minimum and searches for the next direction change and where three changes are found of a valley, peak and another valley, one peak is counted. A signal qualifies as a peak if its short leg is above the normal threshold.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolysis cell for percolating a solution in order to perform a chemical reaction, such as the cathodic reduction of a metal cation.This cell includes for example a bed of cathodically biased particles 31, a plurality of counter-electrodes 33, located at the periphery of the bed of particles and anodically biased and an additional counter-electrode 38, anodically biased and located at the center of the bed.This arrangement allows to modify the electrode potential inside the bed, in order to avoid the unwanted electrochemical reactions.

Abstract: An electronic circuit board solder reflow device for heating flux and transporting the circuit board from further treatment includes a conveyor for transporting the circuit board through a heating solder area to an output conveyor for further treatment. The reflow oven conveyor transports the circuit board through the solder reflow oven with an intermediate conveyor which bridges the gap between the reflow oven conveyor and the output conveyor.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to measure a gap width distance, specifically the distance between the lip of a coating hopper and the tangential edge of a coating roller or the support on the roller, is disclosed herein. The apparatus includes a long range microscope coupled with a CCD camera to provide a computer with an image. From this image the computer calculates first and second derivatives of the light intensity values between each pixel and determines the pixel locations of the two edges.

Abstract: An alumina ceramic article and a method for preparing the article. The method comprises the steps of:(1) Compacting a mixture of a first concentration of particulate aluminum oxide sufficient to prevent retention of the zirconium oxide alloy particles in the surface in a predominantly tetragonal crystal structure and a second concentration of particulate zirconium oxide alloy. The zirconium oxide alloy is zirconium oxide and a secondary oxide selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO, Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, Sc.sub.2 O.sub.3, CeO.sub.2, and rare earth oxides having a concentration of secondary oxide generally of about 0.5 to about 5 mole percent Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, from about 0.1 to about 1 mole percent MgO, from about 0.5 to about 15 mole percent CeO.sub.2, from about 0.5 to about 7.0 mole percent Sc.sub.2 O.sub.3, or from about 0.5 to about 5 mole percent CaO, relative to the total of the zirconium oxide alloy. The compacting results in the formation of a blank.

Abstract: It is well known that coating speeds are limited due to the onset of air entrainment. These limiting coating speeds have been found to be highest on solid surfaces of intermediate wettability with respect to water, and in particular, on surfaces having high dispersion and low polar surface free energies as determined by contact angle analysis. Described herein is a method of controlling the solid surface free energies, and hence maximum coating speeds, by using suitably chosen surfactants in subbing layers and pre-coated packs of the material being coated. Aromatic hydrocarbon ionic surfactants, such as Alkanol XC, aryl-ended sulphosuccinates and aryl-ended tricarballylates, are particularly beneficial in this respect.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for treating a polyester support such as polyethylene naphthalate or polyethylene terephthalate. The treatment is carried out at atmospheric pressure in a gas of helium and optionally nitrogen and/or oxygen. The treatment uses metallic electrodes and an atmospheric glow discharge results when the electrodes are connected to a generator and spaced about 1 to 2 mm apart. The process and apparatus improve adhesion of subsequently coated emulsions on the polyester support at high speeds and relatively low power by selecting a frequency of 40 kHz to 500 kHz.