Abstract: A composition and method for electrodepositing ductile, bright, well leveled copper deposits from an aqueous acidic copper plating bath having dissolved therein from about 0.04 to about 1000 milligrams per liter of a poly (alkanol quaternary ammonium salt) formed as the reaction product of a polyalkanolamine with an alkylating or quaternization agent. The polyalkanolamine constituent typically is formed as the reaction product of a polyalkylenimine (e.g. polyethylenimine) with an alkylene oxide.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to an aqueous bath for the electrodeposition of bright metal deposits, and more particularly to a bath composition which provides upon the basis metal an electrodeposit having improved brightness, particularly in low current density areas, and as well, a condition of ductility markedly better than that which characterizes certain prior art baths. The electroplating bath composition of this invention embodies a polyethylenimine having the general empirical formula --[C.sub.2 H.sub.5 N].sub.x --, and a sulfonating agent for the polyethylenimine, whereby there is obtained a reaction product which contains nitrogen substituted sulfamate groups as an integral part of the polymer chain. The nitrogen substituted sulfamate unit of the reaction product is represented by the formula: ##STR1## where, M = H, Li, Na, K, or, NH.sub.4. The ratio of these nitrogen substituted sulfamate units to amino units, --[CH.sub.2 CH.sub.

Abstract: The instant invention is particularly directed to a palladium electroplating bath and a method of plating therewith. The bath comprises essentially pure palladium free of alloying elements thereof and being in electrodepositable form, as well as a Class I brightener selected from the group consisting of methylene bis(napthlene sodium sulfonate), sodium benzene sulfonate, benzene sulfonimide and phenyl-sulfonic acid and a Class II organic brightener selected from the group consisting of benzaldehyde-o-sodium sulfonate, 2-butyne-1, 4-diol, 2 butene-1,4- diol and allyl sulfonate in order to improve the brightness of the deposit. The bath is particularly effective in plating palladium and alloys thereof.

Abstract: An aqueous bath suitable for the electrodeposition of a bright iron-nickel electrodeposit onto a substrate susceptible to corrosion comprising iron ions, nickel ions, a bath soluble primary nickel brightener containing a sulfo-oxygen group, a bath soluble complexing agent, and an auxiliary bath soluble nickel brightener containing a sulfo-oxygen group, said auxiliary brightener having the general formula:R--SO.sub.2 --R.sub.1 --S--R.sub.2 --SO.sub.3.sup.- M.sup.+,whereinR is an aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or aryl,R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are aliphatic hydrocarbon moieties of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,R and R.sub.1 may be linked together to form an organic radical when R is aliphatic, andM.sup.+ is hydrogen, sodium potassium, lithium or ammonium.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aqueous electroplating bath and process for obtaining bright deposits of silver-gold alloys. The bath contains a polyakylene imine and an alkylene polyamine.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolyte for the deposition of predominantly gold alloy deposits, a method for the preparation and use of the electrolyte, and an article obtained by such electrodeposition. These electrolytes contain soluble gold and base metal salts, a buffer system effective at pH 4-6, and either a soluble aluminum compound or formate or oxalate ions. Preferably, the electrolyte contains both the aluminum and formate or oxalate ions.

Abstract: A non-cyanide acidic silver electroplating bath contains a soluble silver salt, a thiosulfate, a bisulfite buffer and a sulfate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a palladium electroplating bath and a method of plating therewith. The bath contains palladium as the palladosammine chloride and a phosphonic compound which is an alkylene diamine phosphonate derivative. The bath may be employed to plate palladium or its alloys. In a preferred embodiment, a pure palladium deposit may be obtained which exhibits very low porosity even after subsequent cold forming of the article on which it is deposited.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bath and process for obtaining deposits of gold or gold alloys of improved uniformity of deposit thickness on an irregularly shaped conductive surface. The aqueous plating bath contains gold as the aurocyanide complex, a mild reducing agent, a complexing agent, arsenic as a water-soluble arsenic compound, and a substituted polyamine.

Abstract: A slightly alkaline gold plating solution, free of cyanide and phosphates, contains a sodium gold sulfite complex and a palladosamine chloride complex.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process and composition for accelerating the activation of a polymeric surface prior to the electroless plating thereof, wherein there is employed a solution comprising a relatively dilute inorganic acid and a metal salt desirably selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and ruthenium. There may also be employed a compound cabable or ionizing to produce a source of fluoride ions. By so proceeding, microscopic cavities in the polymeric substrate are thoroughly cleansed of residual tin ions which remain subsequent to rinsing of the polymeric body following the conventional activation step employing an acidic solution of pollodium chloride and stannous chloride. The removal of palladium ions, which have a catalytic effect in the electroless plating operation, is minimized by the composition and process of this invention, and further, in addition to other advantages, there is achieved relatively low and uniform values of part resistance and contact resistance.

Abstract: An electrodeposited bright coating simulating in appearance that of chromium is formed on a metal-bearing substrate with substantial production economies by contacting the metallic layer on the susbstrate with an aqueous solution including therein a source of cobalt, nickel or iron ions; a source of tin ions; and a complexing agent selected from the group consisting of gluconate, glucoheptonate, or mixtures thereof. If desired, the aqueous solution may include a source of zinc ions. During the process the thickness of the chromium-like appearance coating is controlled so that it does not substantially exceed five micrometers.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aqueous electroplating bath suitable for plating a tin-gold alloy and a process of plating employing that bath. The bath contains gold as the auricyanide complex and tin as a stannic halide complex. The bath is operated at a pH value not in excess of 3. Where desired, the bath also contains a brightener. The electroplating bath is extremely stable and produces high quality electrodeposits.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved gold-sulfite bath for plating gold and gold alloy deposits. By the inclusion in the bath of small amounts of certain organic phosphorus compounds, the quality of the deposit is rendered less sensitive to substantial changes in operating variables.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to an aqueous bath for the electrodeposition of a bright iron-nickel alloy and to a process utilizing the same, the bath comprising iron ions, nickel ions, an iron complexing agent containing at least two complexing groups independently selected from the group consisting of carboxy and hydroxy provided at least one group is a carboxy group, and a reaction product of a polyamine and an alkylating or sulfonating agent, whereby there is achieved a marked improvement in the brightness of the electrodeposit as well as excellent leveling in both the high and low current density areas. Optionally, by the addition of acetylenic brighteners of a particular structural formula even further improved results may be obtained.

Abstract: Substantially improved results by way of durability and appearance are accomplished by electrodepositing upon a metallic substrate a plurality of layers of a nickel-iron alloy, the lowermost of which has a relatively high iron content and the uppermost a relatively lower iron content, upon which is electrochemically bonded a nickel layer and an upper layer of microdiscontinuous chromium or equivalent decorative finishing material.

Abstract: The instant invention is particularly directed to zinc plating baths and a process for employing the same in which quaternary ammonium silicates, preferably of the alkaline type, are utilized. Exemplary of such additives are tetramethylammonium silicate, phenyltrimethyl silicate, disilicate and trisilicate, benzyltrimethyl ammonium silicate and disilicate, and silicates of polymeric quaternary bases. Quaternary ammonium silicates are water soluble, function as chelating agents for metallic impurities in the bath, refine the grain structure of the zinc deposit, and are also effective as auxiliary brighteners.

Abstract: A composite nickel-containing electroplate is formed on a base metal surface by electroplating on the surface an adherent nickel or nickel alloy layer having a thickness of from about 0.15 to 1.5 mils and an average sulfur content of less than about 0.03%. An intermediate nickel or nickel alloy layer, having a thickness of from about 0.005 to 0.2 mils and an average sulfur content of from about 0.05 to 0.3% is then electroplated on the lower layer. An adherent upper nickel or nickel alloy having a thickness of from about 0.2 to 1.5 mils and average sulfur content of from about 0.02 to 0.15% is then electroplated on the intermediate layer, the upper layer containing a lower percentage of sulfur then the lower layer. The source of sulfur, for at least the intermediate layer, is provided by including novel thioethersulfonates of nitriles or amides in the plating bath for that layer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed broadly to the manufacture of aromatic aldehydes and acids, and is more specifically concerned with the preparation of anisaldehyde utilizing a manganic salt to oxidize either methoxytoluene or the benzyl or toluol sulfonic ester of p-cresol whereby under carefully controlled conditions there is obtained a minimum of tars, a minimum of aromatic acids and a minimum utilization of the methoxytoluene for conversion to anisaldehyde.

Abstract: A nickel-iron alloy plating bath containing nickel ions and iron ions, a soluble non-reducing complexing agent, and a reducing saccharide selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides and disaccharides. The combination of hydroxy carboxylic acid complexers and reducing saccharide in such baths yielding high iron content bright level nickel-iron alloy deposits containing up to 50 percent iron, while retaining the Fe.sup.+.sup.3 concentration in the bath at a minimum value and reducing the amount of complexers which is required. Generally, it is preferred to utilize from about 1 to about 50 grams per liter of a reducing saccharide and from about 2 to about 100 grams per liter of the complexing agent.