Abstract: A polyurea foam is formed from a reaction mixture comprising at least one polyisocyanate component and an active hydrogen component, wherein active hydrogen compounds of relatively high equivalent weight have an average of about 1.5 to about 10 active hydrogen-containing groups per molecule, of which active hydrogen-containing groups: an average of (a) from about 5 to about 60 percent are primary or secondary aliphatic amine groups or (b) at least about 25 percent are primary aromatic, Lewis acid-blocked primary aliphatic, secondary aliphatic or aromatic amine groups or mixtures thereof. Carbon dioxide is adducted to said active hydrogen component. The adduct releases carbon dioxide to blow the foam.

Abstract: Amino piperazine esters, preferably of the formula: ##STR1## wherein x is 0 or 1 and each R is independently hydrogen or inert substitution, are produced by reacting an (optionally substituted) N-(2-aminoethyl) piperazine with an (optionally substituted) alkylene carbonate. The novel compounds are biocides that retard the growth of fungi and are also useful in preparing polymers.

Abstract: A powder composition consisting essentially of an intimate mixture of boron carbide and titanium diboride, the mixture having an average particle size of less than about 0.5 micron, the particles being uniformaly dispersed such that elemental analytical techniques show all discrete concentrations of boron carbide and titanium diboride to be less than or equal to about 0.5 micron in diameter, is disclosed. The powder is useful for making a densified ceramic composition comprising titanium diboride grains, having an average grain size of less than or equal to about 3 microns in diameter, uniformly dispersed with boron carbide grains, having an average grain size of less than about 5 microns in diameter. The densified composition exhibits improved hardness and toughness when compared with titanium diboride or boron carbide compositions.

Abstract: Polyether active hydrogen compounds having at least two terminal active hydrogen groups on primary carbon atoms are prepared by (a) forming polyoxyalkylene molecules each having at least one active hydrogen precursor, (b) linking at least two of the polyoxyalkylene molecules, and (c) converting the active hydrogen precursor groups to active hydrogen groups on primary carbon atoms. The polyoxyalkylene molecule is formed by exposing a reaction mixture comprising at least one alkylene oxide and at least one protective initiator to conditions effective for the polymerization of the alkylene oxides. Linking is accomplished at polyether chain ends distal to the protected active hydrogen precursor groups, such that the active hydrogen precursors remain on the linked polyether chains until they are converted to active hydrogen groups.

Abstract: A novel anion exchange material comprising substantially crystalline inorganic mixed metal hydroxides and mixed metal hydrated oxides exhibiting anion exchange properties at temperatures up to about 150.degree. C. and a method of preparing the same is disclosed. The anion exchanger composition is prepared by coprecipitating hydroxides or hydrated oxides of metal elements such as aluminum and titanium and then drying the mixed metal hydroxides or hydrated oxides.

Abstract: A controlled release composition for use with liquid acids, and a method of preparation is disclosed. The composition comprises (1) a porous matrix comprising and substantially inert to an absorbed acid; (2) a midlayer surrounding the matrix, this midlayer consisting essentially of a salt of the absorbed acid; and (3) a membrane surrounding the matrix, the membrane being exterior of the midlayer, the membrane further being substantially inert to the midlayer and permeable to a selected environment, the thickness and permeability of the membrane comprising means for controlling diffusion of the environment therethrough.The midlayer can be applied as a coating to the acid-bearing matrix, or it can be evolved by exposing the acid-bearing matrix to a base such as ammonia gas or a solid metal oxide for a time sufficient to allow reaction of a proportion of the acid at or near the surface of the matrix with the base to form a layer of the corresponding salt.

Abstract: Ultrafine, high purity B.sub.4 C is produced by BCl.sub.3, CH.sub.4 or C.sub.2 H.sub.4, and H.sub.2, using a CO.sub.2 laser, when a stoichiometric excess of H.sub.2 and about half the stoichiometric amount of CH.sub.4 or C.sub.2 H.sub.4 is employed.

Abstract: A process for preparing a substantially amorphous metal alloy body from substantially crystalline mixed elemental metal powders is disclosed. The process for producing the mixed elemental metal powders comprises the step of (1) entraining vapors of at least a first metal and a second metal, the two metals having a negative heat of mixing when combined, in separate heated inert gas streams; (2) cooling each inert gas stream adiabatically by passing it through a nozzle, to produce elemental metal powder aerosols; (3) mixing the inert gas streams to produce mixed elemental metal powder aerosols; and (4) collecting the mixed elemental metal powder aerosols to form mixed elemental powders. The powders can then be compacted to form a compacted body and the compacted body thermally reacted under reaction conditions sufficient to form the substantially amorphous metal alloy body.

Abstract: Included are halogenated phosphate-phosphites and their acid halides and acids. The halogenated phosphate-phosphites can be prepared by a process comprising serially contacing(A) a phosphorus trihalide with a triol;(B) a halogenating agent; and(C) an oxirane or an alcohol;under conditions sufficient to prepare the halogenated phosphate-phosphite. Steps (A) and (B) can prepare their acid halides. Use of water in step (C) can prepare their acids. For example, 3-((bis(2-chloroethoxy)phosphino)oxy)(2-bromoethyl-2-methylpropyl, 2-bromoethyl, 2-chloroethyl)phosphorate can be prepared from 2-methyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol; phosphorus trichloride; bromine; and ethylene oxide.Also included is use of the compounds as a hyraulic fluid or flame retardant. For example, polyurethanes can be rendered less flammable with the halogenated phosphate-phosphite flame retardant.

Abstract: Novel (halo)(hydroxy)-substituted phosphorus-containing acid derivatives are disclosed. Preferred compounds are 2-halo-3-hydroxypropyl ester derivatives of phosphorus and phosphoric acid formed by reaction of at least some amount of tertiary butyl glycidyl ether with a halogenated derivative of a phosphorus-containing acid followed by acid dealkylation of the product. The polyol products are useful in the production of polyurethane articles such as foams having increased resistance to the effects of fire. The derivatives can be additives or reactants in the polyurethane, depending on the presence or absence of terminal hydroxyl groups within the given ester moieties.

Abstract: A water-insoluble pigment comprising a complex of an anion exchange material with a layered crystal structure and a water-soluble dye is disclosed. The anion exchange material may be represented by the general formula[M.sup.+2 Q.sup.+3 (OH).sub.5-x ](A.sup.-1).sub.d (A.sup.-2).sub.e (A.sup.-3).sub.f (A.sup.-4).sub.g.nH.sub.2 Owhere M is a metal element or elements each with a positive valence of 2; Q is a metal element or elements each with a positive valence of 3; A.sup.-1, A.sup.-2, A.sup.-3, and A.sup.-4 are each one or more exchangeable anions each having a negative valence of 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively; and n, x, d, e, f and g are real numbers greater than or equal to zero and satisfy the following:0<x.ltoreq.1d+2e+3f+4g=x0.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.

Abstract: A clear brine fluid composition for use in servicing wells in the oil and gas industry comprising a solution of a zinc halide and a calcium halide in water having a density lying in the range of about 15 to about 22 ppg, a measured alkalinity lying in the range of about 0 up to about 1 normal and a measured zinc to calcium mole ratio lying in the range of about 1 to about 3.

Abstract: A method for the separation of anhydrous HCl and HBr from mixtures of the two acids comprising treating the mixture with a hindered pyridine to form a mixture of hindered pyridine salts of the acids, and heating the mixture of salts to a temperature at which thermal cleavage of at least the hydrochloride salt is induced. The hindered pyridines are defined as aromatic compounds having one or more nitrogen atoms in an aromatic ring, or a polymer with pendant aromatic moieties having one or more nitrogens in an aromatic ring, having an appropriate degree of steric hindrance such that the salt formed by the nitrogen atom of the aromatic compound and a strong protic base will undergo dissociation to the aromatic compound and the protic acid at a temperature below the decomposition temperature of the aromatic compound. The formation of salts and their cleavage can be done as either a one-step or two-step process.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of a ceramic green body by hydrolyzing at least one alkoxide selected from each of two specified groups to form a dispersion of their reaction product, concentrating the dispersion to a sediment without drying it, and admixing a binder and a plasticizer with the sediment to make a ceramic slip formulation. A release agent can optionally be admixed. The slip formulation is then cast as a ceramic green body. The proportions of alkoxides can be adjusted, as desired, to produce a ceramic green body which is dielectric and useful for microcapacitors or as a conductor.

Abstract: An improvement in an apparatus for distributing a downflowing liquid uniformly across the packed bed of a vapor-liquid contact column is disclosed. The improvement comprises a predistributor which comprises a plate and an upstanding wall member along one edge. This wall member defines the periphery of the plate such that an open-top compartment is formed. A plurality of drip tubes is installed in the compartment and are defined by upstanding tubular members which extend above and below the plate and which are fastened to the plate, each drip tube having a lengthwise slot extending from the top of the drip tube. The apparatus also comprises a lower distributor unit, which can be of a conventional design or substantially similar to the upper distributor unit, except with additional wall members define separate, open-top compartments.

Abstract: Novel controlled-release compositions are disclosed. These compositions comprise: (1) an agent suitable for use in a selected environment; and (2) a membrane surrounding this agent. The membrane is substantially inert to the agent and permeable to the environment, its thickness and permeability comprising a means for controlling diffusion of the environment therethrough. The membrane thickness is substantially uniform due to the presence of a quantity of submicron particles therein, these particles being substantially inert to the membrane and the agent. The membrane comprising the submicron particles is capable of releasing the agent to the selected environment at a predetermined time by a variety of mechanisms. The release mechanisms that may be selected for use with a composition will depend in part on the choices of agent, membrane, and submicron particle materials, as well as on the choice of environment into which the composition is to be introduced.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibiting composition including a solution of at least one alkali or alkaline-earth metal halide in water and specific corrosion inhibiting concentrations of zinc ions and thiocyanate ions, for use in well drilling, completion, packer fluid and workover operations.

Abstract: The novel compositions of this invention are ignition resistant thermoplastic compositions comprising in admixture a thermoplastic resin and an ignition resistant additive selected from the group consisting of: at least one unsymmetrical carbonic acid ester of the general formula ##STR1## at least one unsymmetrical ether of the general formulaR.sup.2 --O--R.sup.3 ; anda mixture of at least one unsymmetrical carbonic acid ester and at least one unsymmetrical ether;wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are selected from the group consisting of a halogenated aryl group, a halogenated alkyl group, a halogenated ether group, and mixtures thereof, containing a halogen selected from the group consisting of Br, Cl, I, Fl, and mixtures thereof, wherein R and R.sup.1 are dissimilar and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are dissimilar.

Abstract: A method of producing a halogenated trialkyl phosphate ester which comprises admixing a halogenated hydroxy compound containing a halogen selected from the group consisting of bromine, chlorine, iodine and mixtures thereof, a phosphorus oxyhalide containing a halogen selected from the group consisting of bromine, chlorine, iodine and mixtures thereof, a solvent suitable to dissolve the halogenated hydroxy compound and the phosphorus oxyhalide, said solvent being substantially inert to hydrogen halide, and a catalyst suitable to increase the polarity of the phosphorus oxyhalide, refluxing said admixture sufficiently to form a trialkyl phosphate ester precipitate, and recovering this precipitate.

Abstract: Preparation of a ceramic green body by hydrolyzing two groups of alkoxides to form a dispersion of their reaction product, concentrating the dispersion to a sediment without drying it, and admixing a binder solution, plasticizer and release agent with the sediment to make a ceramic slip formulation. The slip formulation is then cast as a ceramic green body. The proportions of alkoxides can be adjusted to produce a ceramic green body which is dielectric and useful for microcapacitors.