Abstract: A dispensing bag for particulate matter is closed at one end by a two layer closure formed by an openable outer closure, and an inner dispersion panel with apertures of suitable size therethrough. Opening the outer closure exposes the apertures in the dispersion panel and permits particulate matter to be dispensed therethrough. The bags may be conveniently mass produced from sheet material, such as flexible plastic, in the form of a continuous strip or flattened tube, by appropriate cutting, folding, and joining operations. The invention provides an inexpensive container from which particulate matter may be conveniently dispensed in controlled fashion, and which resists accidental opening and spillage.

Abstract: A transportable trailing wide-swath wheel-supported implement such as a rock windrower is conveniently able to convert from wide-swath working mode to a transversely narrower folded mode for convenient transport of the implement. The folding elements are a drawbar and the wheel legs, each of these being pivotally attached to the implement frame about a substantially vertical pivotal axis. In working mode, the wheel legs and drawbar are extended at a relatively large acute angle or right angle to the frame whereas in transport mode they pivotally retract to assume relatively small acute angles to the frame. The wheel legs may be locked in either extended or retracted position. Between the drawbar and the frame is preferably pivotally connected a hydraulic piston-cylinder arrangement, permitting the angle of the drawbar to the frame to be adjusted and controlled.

Abstract: Novel epoxy-urethane resins are produced by the reaction of an epoxy-alkanolamine adduct and a urethane prepolymer. The epoxy-alkanolamine adduct is prepared by reacting a liquid resin with an N-substituted ethanolamine such as isopropyl ethanolamine and tertiary butyl ethanolamine. The epoxy-urethane resin can be cured using ordinary epoxy curing agents for application as waterproofing membranes, joint sealants and adhesives. Two-part resin systems comprising epoxy-urethane resins of the invention as the first part and an appropriate curing agent as the second part avoid disadvantages characteristic of resin mixtures that rely on urethane cure chemistry.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use in a system of containerized handling of fish onboard an ocean-going vessel. Fish are stored in closely stacking containers within the hold of the fishing vessel and are cyclically removed from within the hold to working positions on the deck of the vessel, where they are charged with fish and ice and returned to storage positions, by the cooperative use of an in-hold travelling hoist adapted to move a selected plurality of containers to and from chosen position within the hold compartment without disturbing other containers and an above-deck conveying system operable to convey the plurality of containers between a position inside the hold compartment directly below the hatchway through the deck overlying the hold compartment and a selected working position on the deck.

Abstract: Railroad rails having improved wear resistance, are produced by controlled forced cooling from above the austenite transformation temperature, to produce rails having a fine pearlite metallurgical structure in the head portions of the rails. Apparatus comprising a series of cooling headers utilizing a liquid cooling medium, such as unheated (i.e. cold, or ambient temperature) water, alternating with a series of air zones, is preferably arranged in line with the production rolling mill, to receive hot rails as they emerge from the mill, without the necessity of intervening reheating. A roller type restraint system transports the rails through the cooling apparatus, while restraining them in the appropriate position.

Abstract: This invention is a toy in which two principal assemblies of parts are made to counter-rotate by a concentric internal coil spring, previously wound up by hand, whose tension is maintained by a one-way clutch and is released when the weight of the toy, when it is placed on a flat surface, disengages the clutch. A carrying handle, in the form of a miniature fence of posts and railings, is attached to the upper assembly. A mechanism is incorporated to free the inner end of the spring from its arbor when the energy of the spring is spent, so that the assemblies may continue to counter-rotate by inertia without damage to the spring. The toy is equipped with a lighting system of flashing light-bulbs around the perimeter and in a central transparent cupola, supplied with energy from flashlight-type electrical batteries in a central tubular shaft through a switch on the upper assembly.

Abstract: For testing the dynamic characteristics of a motor vehicle, an endless movable road surface for supporting and moving with respect to motor vehicles. The motor vehicle is restrained from movement but its wheels are permitted to move in contact with the simulated road surface. The simulated road surface may be the periphery of a wheel whose circumference is relatively large compared to the wheel base of the automobile, or it may be a relatively flat run of an endless belt supported on multiple rollers. In either case, all the wheels of the motor vehicle are supported by the simulated road surface. Preferably the effective inertial load of the simulated road surface is adjusted to be approximately equal to the mass of the motor vehicle. One or more of a plurality of selectably attachable inertial masses may be coupled to the system to permit the inertial mass of the system to vary according to the inertial mass of the vehicle being tested.

Abstract: This invention relates to a tent which may be transported in an automobile trunk suitable for camping which comprises a frame comprised of first and second end members and two side members, each of the side members being of adjustable length to permit the distance between the end members to be varied and a first frame support means, upon which the first end members rests, adapted to be secured to a transportation vehicle; and a second support means hingedly connected to the second end member, such that in a compressed position it lies in substantially the same plane as the frame, and in an extended position supports the second end member, the second support means being adjustable such that the second end member may be maintained at the same elevation as the first end member.

Abstract: A block puzzle consisting of three blocks, one being characteristically "O"-shaped and the other two each being characteristically "C"-shaped, is described. The blocks are slidably engageable into a mutually perpendicular interlocking arrangement in which each block passes through the other two blocks substantially concealing the "O"-shape of the one block and the "C"-shape of the other two blocks. In various embodiments, the central openings in the blocks are respectively rectangular, oval and hexagonal in shape.

Abstract: A HYDROMETALLURGICAL PROCESS FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC RECOVERY OF SELECTED BASE METALS (ESPECIALLY COPPER OR POSSIBLY NICKEL) FROM SULPHIDE ORE CONCENTRATES CONCURRENTLY WITH THE EXTRACTION OF METALLIC IRON IN A COMMERCIALLY USABLE FORM. The process involves dissolution and leaching of ore in acidified chloride anode solution from the electrolytic cells of a primary and secondary bank of electrolytic cells to obtain iron chloride and base metal chlorides and to reduce ferric and cupric ions (say) to their lowest valence state (e.g. ferrous, cuprous). The leaching solution is transported to and distributed equally among the cathode compartments of each bank of cells to set up a solution flow from each cathode to adjacent anode compartments. Elemental sulphur and insoluble residue resulting from the ore dissolution are extracted as is electrically reduced metallic copper. The copper is obtained from the cathode compartments of both primary and secondary banks of cells.

Abstract: The electric induction heating in situ of a selected portion of an underground coal deposit, for the purpose of facilitating extraction of gases, liquids, solids and energy from the deposit. The heating is conveniently effected by passing a time-varying electrical current through a conductor encompassing the selected portion. The conductive path is preferably a toroid, quasi-toroid, helix, or simulated toroid, quasi-toroid or helix, created by a drilling and passing one or more conductors through the drill holes.

Abstract: An inductor comprises a quasi-toroidal conductive envelope having a discontinuity across which alternating voltage may be applied. The inductor may comprise a plurality of interrupted turns connected in parallel or may be formed by a continuous conductive shell. The cross-section of the envelope may be circular, rectangular, or shaped in any other desired manner. Capacitive elements may be arranged within the interior of the device to form a resonator.

Abstract: Underground viscous hydrocarbon deposits, such as the viscous residues in conventional oil wells, are heated by mechanical wave energy to fluidize the hydrocarbons thereby to facilitate extraction thereof. For uniform, circular, symmetrical dispersion of mechanical wave energy of high-power and low-frequency, a mechanical wave energy radiator is provided comprising a cylindrical elastic tube of springy steel or the like preferably dimpled or corrugated and closed at one end and containing a liquid medium. Mechanical wave energy is applied to the liquid medium by a reciprocating source or the like connected to the radiator by a rigid walled tubular pipe or the like. The axial length of the radiator tube should be an odd multiple of one-quarter wavelength of the mechanical wave energy transmitted. Cavitation within the liquid is avoided by biasing the system with a steady state pressure at least as great as the maximum negative pressure swing of the mechanical waves in the liquid.

Abstract: A method of extracting hydrocarbons, energy and other products in situ from an underground coal deposit. A selected part of the coal deposit is heated by electrical induction to temperatures high enough to effect the destructive distillation of coal. The gases and liquids so produced are collected. Next, air or oxygen is injected into the remaining deposit which consists primarily of coke in order to burn it in place. The hot combustion gases thereby yielded are led to the surface of the deposit to generate energy. Lastly, the heat remaining underground after the coke has been burned is extracted by injecting water or steam into the deposit. The resulting steam is conducted to the surface to drive a steam turbine. The electrical induction heating is conveniently effected by passing a selected time varying current through a conductive path encompassing that part of the coal deposit to be heated.

Abstract: A method of extracting hydrocarbons in situ from an underground hydrocarbon deposit such as oil shale. A selected part of the deposit is heated by one or more electrical induction coils arranged in a quasi-toroidal configuration to temperatures high enough to drive off hydrocarbon fractions as gases or vapors, which are then collected and utilized in surface operations or recovered for transportation or temporary storage. The deposit may optionally be heated through a coking and cracking stage. Any remaining hydrocarbons may be burned in situ and the combustion gases utilized for energy. Steam may be obtained by injecting water into the heated shale after extraction of the hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A method of heating hydrocarbons in situ in an underground hydrocarbon deposit such as bituminous sands or oil shale. A selected part of the deposit is heated by electrical induction coils arranged in a quasi-toroidal configuration to temperatures high enough to facilitate extraction. The coils are preferably comprised of interrupted rectangular turns. A series of generally concentric quasi-toroidal configurations can be used to heat large volumes. A hexagonal honeycomb array of such configurations can be used to heat deposits underlying very large surface areas.

Abstract: The electric induction heating in situ of a selected portion of an underground deposit of hydrocarbons (such as petroleum, especially petroleum entrapped within a sand formation or the like, or lignite), for the purpose of facilitating extraction of hydrocarbons from the deposit. The heating is conveniently effected by passing alternating current through a conductor encompassing the selected portion. The conductive path is preferably a toroid, helix, or simulated toroid or helix, created by drilling and passing one or more conductors through the drill holes.

Abstract: A method of extracting metal from an underground ore body. The body is heated by electric induction to a temperature sufficient to break up the metallic ore compound and liquefy the metal. The metal flows into production wells where it is collected and transported to the surface, as by rapid solidification into powder or pellets in a pressurized gas stream. The electric induction is conveniently effected by passing alternating current through a conductor encompassing that portion of the ore body to be heated.