Abstract: An entrainment separator for separating liquids from gases and solids from gases, including a housing providing an inlet at one end and an outlet at the opposed end, an adjustable planar surface providing a face facing the inlet and an opposed face, an annular deflector beneath the planar surface attached to the housing and extending inward of the housing and positioned relative to the planar surface to provide an opening between the planar surface and annular deflector, means to adjust the position of the planar surface relative to the annular deflector, a tube attached to the opposed face of the planar surface and extending downward of the inlet, a funnel providing a downward extending spout positioned below the tube, means providing flow of liquid in the funnel past the tube and to the spout, and a gas outlet extending through the side of the housing.

Abstract: Phosphate rock and sulfuric acid are reacted to produce phosphoric acid and calcium sulfate by means of the hemihydrate wet process. In this improved process, the calcium sulfate hemihydrate is crystallized from solution in the presence of an organic sulfonic acid or a derivative thereof. The organic sulfonic acid or its derivative improves the growth of the calcium sulfate hemihydrate crystals and thus improves the filtration rate of the slurry produced in this improved process.

Abstract: Phosphate rock and sulfuric acid are reacted under conditions which result in the formation calcium sulfate hemihydrate and phosphoric acid of about 30% to about 55% P.sub.2 O.sub.5. A two vessel reaction system is used in which the reaction slurry undergoes inter- and intra- vessel circulation. This results in excellent dispersion of reactants and minimization of temperature and concentration gradients throughout the slurry.

Abstract: Process and system for recovery of energy from geothermal brines and other water containing or hot water sources, which comprises direct contact heat exchange between the brine or hot water, and a working fluid, e.g. n-butane, in a heat transfer column, the heat transfer column being operated in the subcritical pressure region of the working fluid, close to or approaching the apex of the saturated vapor curve for such working fluid on the Mollier enthalpy-entropy diagram for such fluid. The heated working fluid exiting the top of the heat transfer column is expanded through an expander to produce work. The discharge from the expander is cooled to condense working fluid which is separated in an accumulator, from condensed water vapor present in the working fluid, and the condensed working fluid is pressurized and fed back to the heat transfer column.

Abstract: A process for the extraction of metallic impurities from an unpurified aqueous phosphoric acid phase by solvent extraction employing an organic extractant phase containing an organic sulfonic acid in its H.sup.+ form. After the extraction step and separation of the organic extractant phase from the aqueous phosphoric acid phase, residual P.sub.2 O.sub.5 values are recovered from the organic extractant phase by washing the organic extractant phase with a wash phase consisting of water or dilute phosphoric acid. The sulfonic acid in the organic extractant phase can be regenerated to its H.sup.+ form with a mineral acid and recycled.

Abstract: In a wide-band electronic AC amplifier, the first stage is direct coupled to a split load phase inverter which is RC coupled to a push-pull power output stage and the output is obtained through transformer coupling with a portion being returned to the cathode of the input stage as negative feedback. Instability (e.g., generation of high frequency "parasitics") is prevented by reduction of the effective impedance of the phase splitter, as seen by the control grids of the output tubes, by greatly lowering the resistance thereof. Since the triode is DC coupled to the pentode, the values of the load resistor and the screen dropping resistor in the pentode section must be reduced in order to increase the high frequency response and keep the current flow in the triode section within the maximum safe limits of the tube design.

Abstract: Water immiscible organic acid phosphates used in conjunction with water immiscible organic sulfonic acids results in an improved process for the purification of phosphoric acid. An increase in the extraction of ionic metallic impurities and a decrease in the extraction of P.sub.2 O.sub.5 values from the aqueous phosphoric acid phase is observed in the improved solvent extraction process.

Abstract: New aliphatic azo compounds containing an .alpha.-hydroperoxy group and the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts thereof as represented by the general structure ##STR1## processes for preparing I where M is H and R is t-aliphatic by reacting t-aliphatic azo compounds having an .alpha.-halo substituent with about an equimolar amount of sodium or hydrogen peroxide; processes for converting I where M is H to its alkali or alkaline earth metal salt by reaction with aqueous solutions of the corresponding base or with calcium or sodium hydride; and the use of these novel compounds as polymerization initiators for vinyl monomers and as curing agents for resins. For example, 2-t-butylazo-2-hydroperoxy-4-methylpentane is prepared from sodium peroxide and 2-t-butylazo-2-chloro-4-methylpentane and used to polymerize vinyl chloride and to cure unsaturated polyester resin.

Abstract: Primary-aliphatic-.alpha.-hydroxyazo-alkanes having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms;R.sup.1 is the same as R except R.sup.1 is not hydrogen;R.sup.2 is the same as R except R.sup.2 is neither hydrogen, aryl, nor alkaryl;R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can together form an alkylene diradical;R, r.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be optionally substituted with the same or different groups.The compounds of the invention are more stable than the corresponding tertiary aliphatic-alpha-hydroxyazoalkanes. The compounds of the invention are useful as foaming agents for polyester resins and initiators for free radical polymerization of vinyl monomers.

Abstract: Unsymmetrical azo compounds (R").sub.3 C--N=N--R' where (R").sub.3 C-- is tert.-aliphatic and R' is --C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)(Z) or ##STR1## e.g., 1-t-butylazo-1-chlorocyclohexane, their use as vinyl polymerization initiators and polyester resin curing agents, and methods for preparing same from t-aliphatic hydrazones and t-aliphatic .alpha.-halo-substituted azoalkanes.

Abstract: Amidazo compounds, (R").sub.3 C--N=N--C(=O)--N(R.sub.3)(R.sub.4), where (R").sub.3 C-- is t-alkyl or t-aralkyl, such as t-butylazoformamide, which are useful as polyester resin curing agents and the like.

Abstract: Shaped cellular structures formed from media which are polmerizable and/or cross-linkable by free radical initiation to either a thermoplastic or thermosetting solid, process for production of such structures and the composition therefor. Process comprises preparation of composition by mixing an acid sensitive azo compound with an acidulous or acidic polymerizable medium, after which the composition is permitted to foam into a cellular structure of the desired shape.

Abstract: In an illuminated display, useful for advertising and as a work of art, the face of the display is suspended above a remote source of substantially parallel light rays and comprises at least one light transmitting portion exterior to a body arranged to receive the parallel rays, including a reflector adapted to direct the parallel rays so that they impinge upon the interior of the light transmitting portion, the illuminated face possessing the esthetic effect, to an observer, of being suspended in air on rays of light.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur impurities from a fluid, such as flue gas or a petroleum fraction, comprises contacting the fluid with a solid, porous silver article under conversion conditions which cause said sulfur impurity to be removed from said fluid by said silver article.