Abstract: Device and method of generating hydrogen from water and utilizing simultaneously the generated hydrogen gas as alternative fuel or supplemental for automotive and other engines as means to replace up to at least as much as 80% of the hydro-carbon fuels used by such engines. The hydrogen generating device comprises an electrolytic cell or combination of two or more cells energized by a high density direct current of as much as 5,000 amperes, such electrical energy derived from the automotive engine by transforming mechanical energy to electrical energy by means of a direct current generator. The electrolytic cell or cells is supplied by a continuous feed water supply system. Increased capacities are possible due to high amperage loads attainable by the electrolytic cell without overheating.

Abstract: A support to provide earthquake resistance for structures, such as a mobile home, which have a long metal bottom beam on the underside of the structure, can be provided by a system of long wooden cross beams at about right angles to the bottom beams, where the cross beams rest on at least two units of cribbing. The cribbing can itself rest on a bottom platform, a pad, or the ground. A bottom platform can function as a shim or leveling device. The cribbing can consist of two or more layers of elongated blocks, such as rough cut 6".times.8" or 8".times.8" wooden timbers. The cribbing units can be attached to themselves and to the main beam by metal anchors and ties, and the main beam can be attached to the bottom beam of the supported structure by metal clamps.

Abstract: An integrator-collector contains a time-corellated digital receiver for measuring, displaying, and recording fluid loss (including blood) from surgery or crisis procedures and for maintaining, displaying, and recording a count of secured surgical items such, as needles and sponges. The integrator-calculator computes total blood loss during surgery by means of an electronic beam, which upon activation by a surgical sponge, triggers the automatic conversion of the weight of the sponge into cubic centimeters of blood loss.Fluid balance can be computed and reported from a corellation between blood lost, and loss from other fluids, such as vomitus and urine, and plasma intake and the intake of other fluids, such as clear intravenous fluids.

Abstract: A combination smoke detector and one or more bags for containing air including a housing having a plurality of compartments, a smoke detector unit being mounted in one compartment and an air-bag member being stored in each of the remaining two contiguous compartments. The storage compartments are covered by a hinged panel that opens to release the bags which drop and hang freely from their respective compartments when the smoke detector is activated. Each air bag is arranged to receive and cover a wearer's head so as to provide breathable air during an escape to safety from a smoke-filled room or building.

Abstract: Substantially calcium-free fluoroaluminum phosphate precipitate (which also contains iron) can be produced by the aging of wet process phosphoric acid containing iron, fluorine and aluminum, preferably phosphoric acid analyzing in the range of about 15%-45 weight percent P.sub.2 O.sub.5, 2-4% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 1-2% fluorine. One process involves digestion of phosphate ore matrix in recycled phosphoric acid, filtration to remove the insoluble residue, precipitation and filtration to remove gypsum, and aging of the product acid to precipitate the aluminum impurity as a fluoroaluminum phosphate compound. The fluoroaluminum phosphate can be decomposed (as by heating at about 195.degree. C.) to produce HF and aluminum phosphate.

Abstract: Phosphoric acids of significantly different content of soluble impurities, especially magnesium compounds, can be blended to produce a phosphoric acid with a decreased tendency for forming detrimental solids when converted to a liquid fertilizer or on storage, or during transportation as when the acid is transported by ocean vessel or railroad tank car. The blending can be effected either before or after a concentration step or steps (e.g., evaporation to "merchant grade" or to superphosphoric acid). For example, wet process phosphoric acid produced by a dihydrate or gypsum process can be blended with a phosphoric acid produced by a hemihydrate process.

Abstract: An emobodiment of a process for filtration of a slurry containing fine particles is a process comprising:(a) filtering phosphoric acid containing sludge-forming particulate impurities through a fabric filter whereby particulate impurities are separated from the phosphoric acid and retained on the surface of the fabric filter to form a filter cake comprising particulate impurities and entrained phosphoric acid;(b) contacting the filter cake with a wash fluid (e.g., water) to remove a major portion of the entrained phosphoric acid from the filter cake, thereby forming a washed filter cake; and,(c) removing the washed filter cake to expose a fresh surface of the fabric filter, for contacting with additional phosphoric acid containing particulate impurities.Preferably, the washed filter cake is removed by the introduction of pressurized air to the side of the fabric filter opposite the washed filter cake.

Abstract: A method for the separation of magnesium-bearing ore particles containing an exposed magnesian-rich mineral on the surface from the lean ore particles containing a lesser surface area of the exposed magnesian mineral which comprises conditioning the ore with a coupling agent of hydroxyquinoline; irradiating the conditioned ore to excite and induce fluorescence; and separating the magnesian-rich mineral from the lean ore particles by detecting the difference of the fluorescence intensity.

Abstract: In a process for producing a defluorinated product containing calcium, sodium and phosphorus, by calcination of a mixture of phosphate rock, with caustic soda, phosphoric acid and water, an improvement comprises maintaining the amount of phosphoric acid in the mixture such that the ratio of phosphorus in percentage by weight on a dry basis in said mixture-to-the phosphorus desired in percentage by weight in the calcined product is substantially equivalent to the ratio of the calcium in percentage by weight on a dry basis in the mixture-to-the calcium in percentage by weight in the calcined product. The process is especially useful where the phosphate rock has a bone phosphate of lime analysis of about 73% or less (e.g., about 71.5%), and also where the caustic soda is added to a mixture of phosphate rock and phosphoric acid prior to the addition of water.

Abstract: Novel organic tertiary phoshine oxides and organic phoshonic acid esters, for example, bidentate organophosphorus actinide extractants, such as the carbamoylmethylphosphonates (CMP's) can be prepared (for example, in 90% or better yield and purity) by a process involving phase transfer catalysis, under conditions where degradive hydrolysis of the products or reactants is substantially avoided. For example, carbamoylmethylphosphonates can be prepared by reaction of the corresponding secondary phosphites with 2-substituted acetamides (wherever the substituent is a good leaving group, e.g. chlorine) in a two-phase system containing a high concentration of an aqueous base (preferably sodium hydroxide) and a suitable phase transfer catalyst, e.g., tetralkylammonium chlorides. Similarly, secondary phosphine oxides can be converted to novel tertiary carbamoylmethylphoshine oxides which are useful as extractants for transplutonium elements.

Abstract: A process for inhibiting the growth of insoluble magnesium-containing solids in liquid fertilizer compositions, prepared from the ammoniation of wet process phosphoric acids, comprises the addition of surfactant compounds to the fertilizer.

Abstract: Aluminum fluorophosphate can be produced by the aging of phosphoric acid containing fluorine and aluminum, preferably phosphoric acid analyzing in the range of about 15-45 weight percent P.sub.2 O.sub.5, 2-4% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 1-2% fluorine. One process involves digestion of phosphate ore matrix in recycled phosphoric acid, filtration of the insoluble residue, precipitation and filtration of gypsum, and aging of the product acid to precipitate the aluminum impurity as an aluminum fluorophosphate compound. The aluminum fluorophosphate can be decomposed (as by heating at about 195.degree. C.) to produce HF and aluminum phosphate.

Abstract: A process for producing low aluminum content phosphoric acid from high aluminum matrix comprises digesting the matrix in phosphoric acid; adding a flocculant to consolidate gelatinous or fine undigested solids; separating the flocculated solids from the mother liquid comprising monocalcium phosphate; acidifying the monocalcium phosphate with sulfuric acid to precipitate solid calcium sulfate and simultaneously adding at least one sodium or potassium compound or both to co-precipitate some of the soluble fluoride with the gypsum; separating the product phosphoric acid from the precipitated solids; recycling part of the lower fluoride content phosphoric acid back to the digestion step; and, aging the remainder of the product phosphoric acid until a precipitate of aluminum fluorophosphate forms and separating the precipitate to produce a low aluminum content phosphoric acid. Additional fluorine (e.g., a fluoride compound) can be added to accellerate formation of the aluminum fluorophosphate.

Abstract: Phosphoric acids of significantly different content of soluble impurities, especially magnesium compounds, can be blended to produce a phosphoric acid with a decreased tendency for forming detrimental solids when converted to a liquid fertilizer or on storage, or during transportation as when the acid is transported by ocean vessel or railroad tank car. The blending can be effected either before or after a concentration step or steps (e.g., evaporation to "merchant grade" or to superphosphoric acid). For example, wet process phosphoric acid produced by a dihydrate or gypsum process can be blended with a phosphoric acid produced by a hemihydrate process.

Abstract: An apparatus useful for the preparation of phosphoric acid from phosphate rock and a strong acid, comprises a closed vessel, a draft tube, means connected to the inner walls of said vessel amd mounting said draft tube in a vertical position within said vessel, an agitator positioned within said draft tube, a shaft for said agitator mounted axially of said vessel and extending into said draft tube, an inlet conduit to said vessel for introducing a feed slurry (e.g.

Abstract: A process for removing carbon dioxide in geothermal power generating processes employing a geothermal fluid such as geothermal brine containing carbon dioxide, to improve the efficiency of geothermal power generation, comprises introducing an aqueous alkaline solution, preferably an aqueous calcium hydroxide solution, into a vapor stream obtained from the brine during power generation, to remove carbon dioxide from the stream. In the case, for example, of power generation by direct contact heat exchange between geothermal brine and a working fluid such as isobutane, where the working fluid is expanded to generate power, aqueous calcium hydroxide can be introduced into a direct contact condenser into contact with the working fluid therein to remove CO.sub.2 present in the working fluid, thereby aiding in reducing loss of working fluid from the system and aiding in reducing pump power. The aqueous alkaline, e.g.

Abstract: Process for recovery of energy from geothermal fluids such as geothermal brine in a geothermal formation by injecting a water immiscible working fluid, preferably organic, typically a hydrocarbon, e.g. isobutane, into the geothermal formation containing a geothermal fluid such as hot brine, wherein the hydrocarbon working fluid is heated by direct heat exchange contact with the hot geothermal fluid in the formation, and employing the hot working fluid to drive a heat engine or turbine to produce work or electrical energy or to provide heat energy to a chemical process (e.g., alcohol manufacture). The cooled working fluid discharged from the turbine is reinjected into the geothermal formation. The working fluid preferably has a density which changes substantially with temperature to provide a substantial pressure difference for causing flow of heated working fluid up the production well. The density difference can be due to phase transfer from liquid to gas.

Abstract: A process for separating ore particles from gangue particles comprises the steps of (1) conditioning the particles with an agent comprising a compound having both a surface-selective functional group and a detectable moiety, to selectively coat either the ore particles or the gangue particles, to the substantial exclusion of the other; (2) detecting the coated particles; and (3) separating the detected, coated particles from the substantially uncoated particles. In one embodiment, the detectable moiety is fluorescent and detecting is performed under ultraviolet radiation.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering zinc from a material containing zinc sulfide. The zinc sulfide-containing material is chlorinated in an aqueous medium to form zinc chloride and elemental sulfur. A water-immiscible solvent (preferably inert) for the sulfur is added to the aqueous chlorinating solution during the chlorination process. The aqueous solution which contains zinc values is separated from the water-immiscible solvent containing sulfur. The zinc values can be recovered from the aqueous layer.

Abstract: Aqueous ammonium phosphate solutions can be produced using an apparatus comprising: a fluid reactor having a plurality of inlets at one end thereof suitable for the admission of phosphoric acid, ammonia and water, the inlets being so positioned as to provide for rapid ammoniation of the phosphoric acid with the evolution of heat, to produce a reaction product mixture containing a liquid portion and steam, the fluid reactor having an exit for the expulsion of the reaction products mixture at the other end thereof, by steam generated by the heat liberated in the ammoniation process; a columnar vessel having an outlet at one end and, at the other end, enclosing the exit of the fluid reactor, a plurality of barriers obturating the columnar vessel in a spaced-apart relationship, and having a plurality of apertures therein for the passage of reaction products mixture therethrough; an inlet quench device connected to the columnar vessel for introduction therein of a liquid aqueous quenching fluid; and, a device in c