Abstract: Preparation of particulate metallurgical hot topping compositions that react in situ to form a protective cover over the exposed surface of as-cast ingots. The compositions consist essentially of 9 to 33 percent by weight of oxidizing constituents, 40 to 65 percent by weight refractory constituents and 15 to 45 percent by weight of fuel constituent. Careful control of the quality and size of the major fuel constituent minimizes smoke evolution during reaction of the composition and subsequently if the covering is disturbed. By varying the ingredients in the hot topping composition, there can optionally be produced (1) a hard crust so that the as-cast ingots can be moved before a major portion of the ingot has solidified (2) a medium density crust for delayed addition of a highly exothermic hot topping composition, or (3) a low strength crust for "back-pouring" practice.

Abstract: Residual vinyl chloride monomer is removed from polyvinyl chloride by subjecting the polymer to microwave radiation in the presence of water.

Abstract: Catalysts having the following formula have been found to have unexpectedly high activity for the production of polyurethane and polyisocyanate resins: ##STR1## where: R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are alkyls having 1 to 4 carbon atoms,R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyls having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and aryls and aralkyls having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, andR.sub.5 is selected from the group consisting of H, an alkyl having 1 to 2 carbon atoms and an aryl and an aralkyl having 6 to 15 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Fish farming method primarily for growing fish such as trout wherein the rate of growth of fish can be accelerated by maintaining the dissolved oxygen (D/O) level throughout the entire fish farming water above saturation with respect to ambient air and, preferably, the D/O level is maintained between 150% and 250% saturation for the fish farming water and between 120% and 150% saturation for self-cleaning pools. The invention contemplates obtaining the D/O level by contacting the fish farming water with a gas comprising at least 25% by volume oxygen, balance, if any, consisting essentially of nitrogen. The method of the invention can be used for culturing of mollusks and crustacea.

Abstract: The amine salts of amino acid compositions have been found to be effective as a delayed action catalyst for organometallic catalyzed urethane synthesis. The acid which provides the basis for the salts is characterized generally by reacting an amine with an unsaturated acid, or with formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide followed by hydrolysis of the resulting nitrile.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the general formula ##STR1## (m = 0 or 1; n = 2 or 3 and R = H or CH.sub.3) are produced by reacting a 2-aminoalkyl alkylene urea with an allyl ester of a carbonylic acid. Among the particular allyl esters disclosed as reactants are diallyl carbonate, allyl and methallyl chloroformate, diallyl and dimethallyl oxalate. The recovered allyl esters of the alkyleneureido amic acid compounds find particular use as functional comonomers for imparting wet adhesion properties to emulsion systems containing vinyl ester polymers used in paints and coating compositions.

Abstract: Iodine pentafluoride is produced from gaseous fluorine and molten iodine by contacting the iodine with fluorine in a reaction zone maintained at a temperature in the range of about 114.degree. to about 280.degree. C. The process results in high yields of pure iodine pentafluoride.

Abstract: A welder's helmet having means to reduce the level of noise reaching a welder's ears when the helmet is positioned for welding. The helmet is characterized by the fact that the sound reducing means while fixed to the helmet does not contact or rest upon the head, ears or face of the welder thus not interfering with normal atmosphere circulation between the welder's head and helmet.

Abstract: A method of producing 1:2 amine-diene adducts which method comprises contacting a sterically unhindered amine with a 1,3 diene in the presence of a catalytic amount of a catalyst comprising an olefin-palladium complex preferably of the type X--Pd--X where X is an olefin and Pd is palladium in its zero valent state.

Abstract: Polycarbonates, of the type formed by reacting an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic 1,2-monoepoxide with carbon dioxide and having substantially alternating units of epoxide and carbon dioxide, are improved in thermal stability by reacting the free hydroxyl groups thereon with a hydroxyl reactive sulfur compound.The resulting end capped polycarbonates are useful for producing molded products, films, and packages which are resistant to thermal degradation.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein Y is ##STR2## and R is H or CH.sub.3 ; are produced by reacting 2-aminoethyl ethylene urea with succinic anhydride, and further reacting the potassium salt of the obtained compound with an appropriate allyl halide or with allyl chloroacetate or vinyl chloroacetate respectively. The recovered alkenyl succinamic ureido compounds find particular use as functional comonomers for imparting wet adhesion properties to emulsion systems containing vinyl ester polymers used in paints and coating compositions.

Abstract: A coulometric timing device having improved reliability. A cylindrical sleeve, a solid, cylindrical, electrically conductive rod coaxially aligned within the sleeve, an electrolyte between the rod and sleeve and means for retaining the electrolyte within the sleeve is shown.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the carbonylation of alcohols, esters, ethers and halide derivatives with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a Group VIII metal component and a halogen component. The improvement in the process resides in the use of a polydentate chelating phosphorus or arsenic ligand complexed with iridium as the Group VIII metal component.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the carbonylation of alcohols, esters, ethers and halide derivatives with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a Group VIII metal component and a halogen component. The improvement in the process resides in the use of a polydentate chelating phosphorus or arsenic ligand complexed with rhodium as the Group VIII metal component.

Abstract: A method of preparing bis(cis,cis-cyclo-octa-1,5 diene) platinum and palladium by reducing [Pt Cl.sub.2 (1,5-C.sub.8 H.sub.12)] or [Pd Cl.sub.2 (1,5-C.sub.8 H.sub.12)] in the presence of a solvent not having an active hydrogen atom, methods of preparing various other platinum and palladium compounds, some of which are novel from bis(cis,cis-cyclo-octa-1,5 diene) platinum and palladium, and methods of depositing films of platinum or palladium metal on a substrate by coating the substrate with various platinum or palladium compounds which are then decomposed.

Abstract: An arc length welding control system in which a welding arc is established between a pair of electrodes. An optical device optically senses the arc and produces signals related to the arc. An optical circuit is responsive to these arc signals for measuring the arc length and produces data signals related to that length. One or more control devices are varied in response to the data signals for controlling the length of the arc to a desired value.

Abstract: The protected copolymer compositions of the present invention have the following structural formula: ##STR1## WHEREIN A is a cyclic or acyclic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, 2 to 26 - (j + m) hydrogen atoms, 0 to 4 oxygen atoms, and 0 to 2 nitrogen atoms,E is a group having the structure ##STR2## wherein n is 3 to 5, G is a group having the structure--C.sub.u H.sub.2u-2 (CO.sub.2 C.sub.v H.sub.2v + 1 --.sub.2Wherein u is 2 or 3 and v is an integer from 2 to 9,K is a radical selected from the group consisting ofR--, RCO--, RNHCO--, ROC(CH.sub.3)H--, ##STR3## wherein R is a cyclic or acyclic radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and x is 3 or 4, J IS AN INTEGER FROM 0 TO 8,m is an integer from 0 to 4,j + m is 1 to 8,s is an integer from 2 to 4,w is 1 to 200,p is 1 to 10,q is 1 to 10, andr is 1 to 50.The compositions of this invention have been found to be useful as stabilizers in the preparation of cellular foams.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment system of the activated sludge type is disclosed having an aeration basin provided with staggered partitions and of a particular geometrical design and mode of operation whereby more efficient purification of the wastewater may be achieved in a system of a given size.

Abstract: Tertiary amino acid and tertiary amino acid-nitrile compositions have been found to be effective as delayed action catalysts for polyurethane synthesis. They are particularly effective when used in combination with an organometallic such as an organo tin composition. These compositions generally comprise the reaction product of a primary or secondary amine, an aldehyde and disubstituted acid.

Abstract: A suspension system for a metallurgical article such as a sideboard or hot top used to control solidification of molten metal in an ingot mold. The hanging device is partially embedded in the article and cooperates with slotted apertures in the article to support it against the ingot mold wall. The slotted apertures are arranged so that in combination with a cooperating hanger the article can be positioned at different depths within the mold. A further feature of the invention resides in the shape and location of the hanger so that during shipment, the hanger lies in essentially the plane defined by that portion of the article in which it is embedded.