Abstract: A process of preparing an alkylated phenol which is substantially monoalkylated and para oriented which comprises reacting phenol with a C.sub.4 -C.sub.9 olefin and wherein said olefin is utilized in about 5-10% stoichiometric excess. The broad reaction temperature utilized is about 60.degree.-105.degree. C and the time of reaction is at least 30 minutes. The catalyst utilized is anhydrous H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 which is used in a value of at least 8% based upon the weight of reactant phenol. The preferred products are p-t-amylphenol and p-t-butylphenol, and in the process of preparing these preferred phenols, the olefin may be reacted in 5-8% stoichiometric excess and the reaction temperature utilized may be 95.degree.-115.degree. C. An additional preferred product is p-nonylphenol derived from a branched propylene trimer.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting metal corrosion in once-through water systems entailing the use of a pyrophosphate-zinc composition.

Abstract: Substituted succinic acids and salts thereof having the formula: ##STR1## where R is H or ##STR2## and M is H, alkali metal, or an amine, are useful as chelants and stabilizers for heavy metal ions.

Abstract: Microorganism induced corrosion of storage vessels which contain a heel of water and an upper layer of hydrocarbon liquid may be prevented by adding to the hydrocarbon liquid contained in such storage vessels a water-dispersible polyvinyl alcohol package which contains a microbiocide.

Abstract: Electroconductive paper useful typically in making copies by an electrostatic process may be made by incorporating therein NaCl and a polymer consisting of units derived from diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of quaternary modified acrylamide polymers is disclosed. Applicable to both solutions of acrylamide polymer and to water-in-oil emulsions of finely divided acrylamide polymer, the method involves reacting the acrylamide with a secondary amine formaldehyde adduct followed by quaternization with an alkylating agent and then, stabilization. The composition of these polymers is also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved ingot mold base member comprising a cast iron base with a refractory insert disposed within its face. The refractory insert is positioned within a cavity in the cast iron base and attached with Z-shaped anchors, said anchors contacting a groove in the side of the insert and fastened to the bottom of the cavity. A channel between the edge of the refractory insert and the edge of the cavity is filled with a plastic refractory.

Abstract: Aquatic herbicides of improved activity are afforded by applying them beneath the surface of waters that contain undesirable aquatic vegetation, said application being performed in the presence of a water-soluble vinyl addition polymer having a molecular weight of at least 10,000.

Abstract: Disclosed are oil base paints which contain uniformly dispersed therethroughout 2 to less than 50% by weight of a water-in-oil emulsion which emulsion contains at least 2% by weight of particles ranging in size from 5 millimicrons to 5 millimeters of a water-soluble vinyl addition polymer.

Abstract: A process for preparing cationic acrylamide polymers through the reaction of a formaldehyde-secondary amine adduct with a water-in-oil emulsion of finely divided acrylamide polymer formed by treatment with an oxygen containing halogen free inorganic acid or its alkali metal salts. The resulting products are further characterized in that they can be inverted easily into aqueous solution. Compositions produced by the invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: Water-in-oil emulsions of water soluble vinyl carboxylic acid polymers and copolymers are prepared by:A. forming an emulsion comprising:1. 30-95% by weight of an aqueous phase consisting of water and a water soluble vinyl addition monomer containing from 1.0-70.0% by weight of a water soluble vinyl carboxylic acid monomer based on the weight of the monomer;2. 5-70% by weight of a hydrophobic oil;3. 0.1-21% by weight of a water-in-oil emulsifying agent;B. polymerizing said emulsion under free radical forming conditions; and then,C. recovering a water-in-oil emulsion of a water soluble vinyl carboxylic acid polymer.The improvement comprising adjusting the pH of the aqueous phase prior to polymerization to a pH of 4.5-8.0.

Abstract: Water used to wash the air in paint or lacquer spray booths in order to remove over-sprayed paint or lacquer is treated with a blend of a terpolymer containing 5-40% by weight of diallyl dimethyl ammonium halide, 5-75% by weight of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, 10-60% by weight of acrylamide, and a water-soluble salt of an amphoteric metal to reduce the tackiness of paint and lacquer solids and thereby reduce the tendency of over-sprayed paints and lacquers to adhere to walls, ceilings and floors of said spray booths and also to condition the paint and lacquer solids removed with the water so that they can be separated and the water recycled for further use in washing the air in the spray booth.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxides which is composed of:A. a 50% by weight aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, andB. a 45% by weight aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide,With the weight ratio of A to B being 2:1.

Abstract: A method of neutralizing acidic components in petroleum refining units in which distillation is taking place, which method comprises adding a compound corresponding to Formula I below either alone or in combination with a film-forming amine to the petroleum product being distilled:Formula Ir--o--(ch.sub.2).sub.n NH.sub.2wherein n is 2 or 3 and R is a lower alkyl radical of not more than 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for the production of water-soluble polyamine polymers by condensation reaction from ethylene dichloride and ammonia under pressure of 4-10 atmospheres which is conducted in two stages:1. reacting ethylene dichloride and ammonia at a temperature of about 110.degree.-120.degree. C and at a pH of 9.0-10.0 for 1-3 hours in the presence of a first amount of alkali metal hydroxide to produce a polyamine reaction mixture; and2. thereafter adding to said polyamine reaction mixture a second equal amount of alkali metal hydroxide wherein the total of the first and second amounts is equivalent to about 150% based on the equivalent weight of the available chlorine present and continuing heating the reaction mixture for about 8-12 hours at about 102.degree.-112.degree. C to produce a polyamine condensate polymer product of increased linear characteristics and thereafter quaternizing the product with methyl chloride.

Abstract: A device for mixing viscous fluids with water comprising a rectangular block containing a pre-mixing chamber, a center section fitted with a bevelled double acting valve capable of restricting fluid flow in two distinct directions, an outlet chamber and recycling means for thoroughly mixing the viscous fluids with the water. The mixing device is able to balance both low and high back pressures, eliminate cavitation and deliver a mixture of viscous fluid and water without serious degradation of the components of the viscous fluids.

Abstract: Water used to wash the air in paint or lacquer spray booths in order to remove over-sprayed paint or lacquers is treated with a blend of a primary amino alcohol, a polyether polyamine and a water soluble salt of an amphoteric metal to reduce the tackiness of paint and lacquer solids and thereby reduce the tendency of over-sprayed paints and lacquers to adhere to walls, ceilings and floors of said spray booths and also to condition the paint and lacquer solids removed with the water so that they can be separated and the water recycled for further use in washing the air in the spray booth.

Abstract: Slime in industrial process waters can be dispersed and prevented by treating the waters with a few ppm of the enzyme, Rhozyme HP-150, a pentosanase-hexosanase.

Abstract: A process for preparing silica sols substantially free of alkali metal ions which comprisesA. adding to a boiling aqueous solution of a lower alkanol amine a 2-10% by weight aqueous solution of silicic acid, the mole ratio of SiO.sub.2 to lower alkanol amine being in the range of from 1:1 to 100:1;B. evaporating water during the addition of the silicic acid to the aqueous solution of the lower alkanol amine so as to maintain a constant volume;C. recovering the aqueous colloidal silica sol which is substantially free of alkali metal ions, said sol having a mole ratio of SiO.sub.2 to alkanol amine in the range of 1:1 to 100:1; and then if desired,D. treating this sol with both a cation and anion ion exchange resin so as to further deionize the resulting alkaline metal-free silica sol, as well as to remove substantial quantities of the alkanol amine. Then if an alkaline sol is desired, adjusting the pH of the resulting acid sol of Step D to between 9 and 10 with an aqueous solution of ammonia.

Abstract: Cationically modified polymers of acrylamide are prepared by adding to a polyacrylamide an aqueous solution of a lower aliphatic aldehyde followed by a lower alkyl secondary amine. The pH of the dilute solution of the acrylamide polymer which is reacted is adjusted prior to addition of the aldehyde to between 4.5 and 5.5 thereby conducting this reaction at an acidic pH. Additionally, quaternized polymers may be prepared by adding to the cationically modified polyacrylamide a lower alkyl halide quaternizing agent. The pH of the solution of the cationically modified acrylamide polymer prior to quaternization should be 7.5-8.5.