Abstract: A safety harness comprises a strap portion for extending over a portion a the person's body to retain the person within the safety harness. The strap portion is fabricated from a flexible material having an elastic extension in the range of approximately 3 to approximately 15% under a tensile load of approximately 10 pounds. The material of the strap portion also preferably has ultimate tensile load of at least approximately 5,000 lbs. A safety harness to be worn by a person to protect the person at a height, at least a section of a shoulder strap of the safety harness comprises a single strap having elastic extension to enable free movement of a person in the safety harness, the elastic extension of the strap being limited to prevent separation of a person from the safety harness.

Abstract: The present invention provides a short, convergent total synthesis of camptothecin and related compounds which consists of a novel 4+1 radical annulation. The present invention also provides novel chemical intermediates for such 4+1 radical annulations.

Abstract: An anchoring system includes an anchor member to anchor the lifeline and at least one extending unit to extend the anchor member out to a working position beyond (horizontally) and above (vertically) an edge to provide for an overhead anchoring point. The anchoring system preferably further includes a support to which the extending unit is attached. The support immobilizes the overhead anchoring system so that the anchor member remains at the working position (even in the case of a fall by the worker). A method of anchoring a fall protection lifeline for use by a worker working at or beyond an edge includes the steps: elevating an anchor member to position the lifeline above the head of a worker and supporting the anchor member at the working position. The method can also include the step of extending the anchor member to a working position horizontally beyond and above the edge.

Abstract: A process to produce N-vinylformamide includes the steps of: reacting hydroxyethyl formamide with a reactant including at least one cyclic anhydride group to form an ester, and dissociating (or cracking) the ester to synthesize N-vinylformamide and a compound including at least one diacid group. The ester can be dissociated using heat. The reactant including at least one cyclic anhydride group can, for example, be succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, a polymer including at least one cyclic anhydride group, or a solid support to which at least one cyclic anhydride group is covalently tethered. Preferably, the cyclic anhydride is regenerated from the diacid formed in the synthesis of the ester by heating the diacid to dehydrate the diacid. The temperature required to dehydrate diacid groups is preferably higher than the temperature use to dissociate the ester.

Abstract: A method of reacting a first non-fluorous compound to produce a second non-fluorous compound includes the steps of: contacting a first non-fluorous phase including the first non-fluorous compound with a first fluorous phase at a first phase interface, the first non-fluorous compound distributing between the first fluorous phase and the first non-fluorous phase; contacting the first fluorous phase with a second non-fluorous phase at a second phase interface; and including at least a third non-fluorous compound in the second non-fluorous phase that reacts with the first non-fluorous compound to produce the second non-fluorous compound, the second non-fluorous compound having a distribution coefficient less than the first non-fluorous compound. For example, the first non-fluorous compound can be dibromine or diiodine, and the second non-fluorous compound can be an alkene.

Abstract: A method of carrying out a reaction comprising the steps of: mixing at least one organic reaction component with at least one fluorous reaction component having the formula: X1Sn(R)n[Rs(Rf)]3-n, X1X2Sn[Rs(Rf)]2 or O?Sn[Rs(Rf)]2 wherein n is 1 or 2, R is a C1-C6 alkyl group, X1 and X2 are independently, the same or different, H, F, Cl, Br, I, N3, OR1, OOR1 SR1, SeR1, CN, NC, NR1R2, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, an alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbons, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, —C(O)R3, M((Rs?)(Rf?))3, OM((Rs?)(Rf?))3 or OOM((Rs?)Rf?))3, wherein M is Si, Ge, or Sn, and wherein R1 and R2 are each independently the same or different H, an alkyl group, —SO2R3 or —C(O)R3, wherein R3 is an alkyl group or an aryl group, and wherein Rs and Rs? are each independently the same or different a spacer group, and wherein Rf and Rf? are each independently the same or different a fluorous group; carrying out a reaction to produce an organic product; and after producing the organic product, separating any excess of

Abstract: A method of increasing the fluorous nature of a compound includes the step of reacting the compound with at least one second compound having the formula: wherein Rf is a fluorous group, Rs is a spacer group, d is 1 or 0, m is 1, 2 or 3, Ra is an alkyl group and X is a suitable leaving group. A compound has the formula: wherein Rf is a fluorous group, n is an integer between 0 and 6, m is 1, 2 or 3, Ra is an alkyl group and X is a leaving group.

Abstract: A compound has the formula in racemic form, enantiomerically enriched form or enantiomerically pure form. R6 is preferably —Si(R8R9R10) or —(R7)Si(R8R9R10), wherein R7 is an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, or an alkynylene group; and R8, R9 and R10 are independently a C1-10 alkyl group, a C2-10 alkenyl group, a C2-10 alkynyl group, an aryl group or a —(CH2)NR11 group, wherein N is an integer within the range of 1 through 10 and R11 is a hydroxy group, alkoxy group, an amino group, an alkylamino group, a dialkylamino group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, —SRc or a nitro group. R1-R4 can be broadly substituted. R5 is preferably a C1-10 alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, or a benzyl group. R13 is preferably H, F or —CH3. R16 is R16 is —C(O)Rf or H. The E-ring (the lactone ring) may be opened. A method of synthesis of compound (1) and intermediates in the synthesis thereof are provided.

Abstract: A method of effecting a nucleophilic substitution of an alcohol to produce a target product includes the steps of: reacting the alcohol and a nucleophile with an azodicarboxylate and a phosphine. At least one of the azodicarboxylate and the phosphine includes at least one fluorous tag. In several embodiments, the azodicarboxylate includes at least one fluorous tag, and the phosphine includes at least one fluorous tag. A compound has the formula: In the above formula n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6, n7, n8, n9 and n10 are independently 1 or 0. X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, X8, X9, X10, X11, X12, X13, X14, X15, X16, X17, X18, X19 and X20 are independently H, F, Cl, an alkyl group, an aryl group or an alkoxy group.

Abstract: A method of increasing the fluorous nature of a compound includes the step of reacting the compound with at least one second compound having the formula: wherein Rf is a fluorous group and m is 0, 1 or 2.

Abstract: A method of separating compounds that includes the steps of: tagging at least a first organic compound with a first tagging moiety to result in a first tagged compound; tagging at least a second organic compound with a second tagging moiety different from the first tagging moiety to result in a second tagged compound; and separating the first tagged compound from a mixture including the second tagged compound using a separation technique based upon differences between the first tagging moiety and the second tagging moiety. The present invention also provides a method for carrying out a chemical reaction including the steps of: tagging a plurality of compounds with different tagging moieties to create tagged compounds, conducting at least one chemical reaction on a mixture of the tagged compounds to produce a mixture of tagged products, and separating the mixture of tagged products by a separation technique based upon differences in the tagging moieties.

Abstract: A compound and a method of synthesizing a compound having the following general formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 are independently the same or different and are hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a benzyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an acyloxy group, —OC(O)ORd, wherein Rd is an alkyl group, a carbamoyloxy group, a halogen, a hydroxy group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an azido group, a formyl group, a hydrazino group, an acyl group, an amino group, —SRc, wherein, Rc is hydrogen, an acyl group, an alkyl group, or an aryl group, or R1 and R2 together form a group of the formula —O(CH2)nO— wherein n represents the integer 1 or 2; R3 is H, F, a halogen atom, a nitro group, an amino group, a hydroxy group, or a cyano group; or R2 and R3 together form a group of the formula —O(CH2)nO— wherein n represents the integer 1 or 2; R4 is H, a trialkylsilyl group, F, a C1-3 alkyl group, a C2-3 alkenyl group, a C2-3 alkynyl group,

Abstract: A safety harness to be worn by a person includes a strap portion for extending over a portion of the person's body to retain the person within the safety harness. At least a section of the strap portion includes an outer shell of a high strength, flexible material. The outer shell has a channel therein. The outer shell can, for example, have a tubular construction. The strap portion further includes a flexible inner member within the channel of the outer shell. The flexible inner member generally prevents the lateral edges of the strap portion from forming a sharp edge when under tension. In that regard, the lateral edges of the strap portion preferably remain blunted, arced or rounded rather than forming a sharp edge when the strap portion is under tension forces experienced in normal use of the safety harness. The rounded or blunted lateral edges of the strap portion reduce or eliminate the binding, pinching and chaffing common with currently available safety harnesses.

Abstract: A method of reacting a first compound to produce a second compound includes the step of contacting a first non-fluorous phase including the first compound with a first fluorous phase at a first phase interface. The first compound distributes between the first fluorous phase and the first non-fluorous phase. The method further includes the steps of contacting the first fluorous phase with a second non-fluorous phase at a second phase interface and including at least a third compound in the second non-fluorous phase that reacts with the first compound to produce the second compound. The second compound has a distribution coefficient less than the first compound. This method can, for example be used to separate the second compound from unreacted first compound wherein, for example, the first compound is of a fluorous nature and distributes more readily into (or transports more quickly through) the fluorous phase than does the second compound.

Abstract: A method of increasing the fluorous nature of a compound includes the step of reacting the compound with or tagging the compound with at least one of a second compound having the formula: wherein R is an alkyl group or an aryl group, n is 1, 2 or 3 and Rs is a spacer group and Rf is a branched fluorous group. A chemical compound having the general formula: wherein n, Rs and Rf are defined above.

Abstract: A system for anchoring a lifeline includes a support member for the lifeline. The support member includes a first connector to attach the support member to a first type of anchorage. The system preferably further includes at least one adapter having a second connector to attach the adapter to a second type of anchorage. The adapter includes an anchorage of the first type to which the support member can be attached.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing a compound having the formula: from a compound having the formula: wherein R1 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or SiR5R6R7, wherein R5, R6, and R7 are independently the same or different an alkyl group or an aryl group, R2 is an alkyl group, R3 is a protecting group, R4 is an alkyl group, an allyl group, a propargyl group —CO2H, or a benzyl group, R8 is —CO2R10, wherein R10 is an alkyl group or an aryl group, X1 is OH and X2 is H, includes the step of exposing compound (III) to at least one of an organic acid or an inorganic acid. A compound has the general formula (III).

Abstract: A method of synthesizing a CO2-philic analog of a CO2-phobic compound, includes the step of: reacting the CO2-phobic compound with a CO2-philic compound selected from the group of a polyether substituted with at least one side group including preferably a Lewis base, a polycarbonate, a polycarbonate substituted with at least one side group including preferably a Lewis base, a vinyl polymer substituted with at least one side group including preferably a Lewis base a poly(ether-ester) or a poly(ether-ester) substituted with at least one side group including preferably a Lewis base, to create the CO2-philic analog. A method of synthesizing a CO2-phile includes the step of copolymerizing at least two monomers, wherein a polymer formed from homopolymerization of one of the monomers has a Tg of less than approximately 250 K and a steric factor less than approximately 1.

Abstract: A method of increasing the fluorous nature of a compound includes the step of reacting the compound with at least one second compound having the formula: wherein Rf is a fluorous group and m is 0, 1 or 2.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting an analyte enzyme includes at least one substrate compound and at least one indicator compound selected to produce a measurable change of state as a result of the interaction of the substrate and at least one target or analyte enzyme. Each of the indicator(s) and substrate(s) are incorporated within a single polymer.