Abstract: A reflector for an LED (7) having a housing (1) and front portion (10) for emitting a main beam of light, the reflector comprising a body (6) defining a cavity in which the LED (7) maybe at least partially located, the body (6) comprising: (a) at least one wall (6, 10) to substantially surround the perimeter of the housing (1), said wall (6, 10) being spaced from the housing (1); (b) a fastener (9) to releasably fasten the LED (7) at least partially in the cavity; and (c) an opening (5) to permit passage of light from the LED (7); wherein the at least one wall (10) of the body is adapted to reflect a substantial amount of incident light from the LED towards the opening (5).

Abstract: A method for synthesizing hydrogen peroxide comprises the step of: mixing an analog of a secondary alcohol that is soluble with carbon dioxide with a free radical initiator and oxygen in carbon dioxide to generate hydrogen peroxide. Another method of synthesizing hydrogen peroxide comprises the step of: mixing hydrogen, oxygen and a CO2-philic catalyst in carbon dioxide phase. The CO2-philic catalyst is soluble or miscible in carbon dioxide and is suitable to catalyze the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to produce hydrogen peroxide. The method also comprises the step of reacting the hydrogen and oxygen to produce hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a short, convergent total synthesis of camptothecin and related compounds which consists of a novel 4+1 radical annulation. The present invention also provides novel chemical intermediates for such 4+1 radical annulations.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing hydrogen peroxide comprises the steps of: synthesizing an analog of anthraquinone that is miscible or soluble in carbon dioxide; reacting the analog of anthraquinone with hydrogen in carbon dioxide to produce a corresponding analog of tetrahydroquinone; and reacting the analog of tetrahydroquinone with oxygen to produce the hydrogen peroxide and regenerate the analog of anthraquinone. A chemical compound having the formula: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are independently, the same or different, H, RC, or RSRC, wherein RS is a spacer group and RC is a fluoroalkyl group, a fluoroether group, a silicone group, an alkylene oxide group, a fluorinated acrylate group, or a phosphazine group, and wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 is not H.

Abstract: An attachment ring assembly comprises an attachment ring adapted to connect a safety harness to another object and a connecting member attached to the attachment ring. The connecting member is attached to the attachment ring to have a first end and a second end extending from the attachment ring. The attachment ring assembly further comprises a first attachment member attached to the first end of the connecting member. The first attachment member is adapted to be attachable to a first strap of the safety harness. The attachment ring assembly also comprises a second attachment member attached to the second end of the connecting member. The second attachment member is adapted to be attachable to a second strap of the safety harness. Preferably, the first attachment member and the second attachment member are adjustable in position after attachment to the first strap and the second strap, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention provides generally a compound having the following general formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 are independently the same or different and are hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a benzyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkoxyl group, an aryloxy group, an acyloxy group, —OC(O)ORd, wherein Rd is an alkyl group, a carbamoyloxy group, a halogen, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an azido group, a formyl group, a hydrazino group, an acyl group, an amino group, —SRc, wherein, Rc is hydrogen, an acyl group, an alkyl group, or an aryl group, or R1 and R2 together form a group of the formula —O(CH2)nO— wherein n represents the integer 1 or 2; R3 is H, F, a halogen atom, a nitro group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, or a cyano group; or R2 and R3 together form a group of the formula —O(CH2)nO— wherein n represents the integer 1 or 2; R4 is H, F, a C1-3 alkyl group, a C2-3 alkenyl group, a C2-3 alkynyl group, or a C1-3 alkoxyl g

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for providing a cautionary warning on water-going vessels. The method comprises the step of placing a plurality of reflective warning markers on at least one side of the vessel. These warning markers preferably comprise a front, reflective (that is, reflecting incident light) surface and a rear surface. The rear surface comprises an attachment mechanism adapted to attach to the surface of the side of the vessel. Preferably the attachment mechanism is coextensive with at least the perimeter of the front, reflective surface. The present invention also provides a removable informative marker. This marker comprises a resilient, front reflective surface and a resilient, back magnetic surface. The resilient back magnetic surface is preferably substantially coextensive with at least the perimeter of the resilient, front reflective surface to assist in assuring a firm attachment of the marker to a metallic surface.

Abstract: An archery training device includes a support frame and a bow positioning mechanism attached to the support frame. The bow positioning mechanism includes an attachment member to attach an archery bow to the bow positioning member. The bow positioning member enables an archer to take aim with the archery bow to target the bow (and thereby an arrow) in generally any direction while assisting the archer to stabilize the bow.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing a compound having the formula via a cascade radical 4+1 annulation includes the step wherein the precursor or the precursor is reacted with an arylisonitrile having the formula wherein X is a radical precursor such as Cl, Br or I. R6 is preferably —Si(R8R9R10) or —(R7)Si(R8R9R10), wherein R7 is an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, or an alkynylene group; and R8, R9 and R10 are independently a C1-10 alkyl group, a C2-10 alkenyl group, a C2-10 alkynyl group, an aryl group or a —(CH2)NR11 group, wherein N is an integer within the range of 1 through 10 and R11 is a hydroxy group, alkoxy group, an amino group, an alkylamino group, a dialkylamino group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, —SRc or a nitro group. R1-R4 can be broadly substituted. R5 is preferably a C1-10 alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, or a benzyl group. R13 is preferably H, F or —CH3.

Abstract: A safety harness comprises a strap portion for extending over a portion of a person's body to retain the person within the safety harness. The strap portion is fabricated from a flexible material having an elastic extension in the range of approximately 3 to approximately 15% under a tensile load of approximately 10 pounds. The material of the strap portion also has a ultimate tensile load of at least approximately 5,000 lbs.

Abstract: The present invention provides a short, convergent total synthesis of novel intermediates in the synthesis of (±)-camptothecin and related compounds. The present synthesis scheme includes a novel 4+1 radical annulation followed by another cyclization to simultaneously assemble rings B and C of the camptothecin compound. The present invention also provides novel chemical intermediates for such 4+1 radical annulations.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing 7-silyl camptothecins and 7-silyl homocamptothecins includes the step of mixing a camptothecin or a homocamptothecin having hydrogen at the C7 position with a silyl radical generator and a silyl radical precursor under conditions to generate a silyl radical. SiR1R2R3 wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently a C1-10 alkyl group, a C2-10 alkenyl group, a C2-10 alkynyl group, an aryl group, —(CH2)mR11 or SiR12R13R14, wherein m is an integer within the range of 1 through 10 and R11 is a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, an amino group, an alkylamino group, a dialkylamino group, F, Cl, a cyano group, —SRc or a nitro group, and wherein R12, R13 and R14 are independently the same or different an alkyl group or an aryl group.

Abstract: In general, the present invention provides in one aspect thereof a device for proximity-based communication between the device and at least a second device.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing hydrogen peroxide comprises the steps of: synthesizing an analog of anthraquinone that is miscible or soluble in carbon dioxide; reacting the analog of anthraquinone with hydrogen in carbon dioxide to produce a corresponding analog of tetrahydroquinone; and reacting the analog of tetrahydroquinone with oxygen to produce the hydrogen peroxide and regenerate the analog of anthraquinone. A chemical compound having the formula: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are independently, the same or different, H, RC, or RSRC, wherein RS is a spacer group and RC is a fluoroalkyl group, a fluoroether group, a silicone group, an alkylene oxide group, a fluorinated acrylate group, or a phosphazine group, and wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 is not H.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting the presence of at least one analyte includes at least one enzyme that is selected to either (i) catalyze a reaction of the analyte to chemically convert the analyte to a product compound or (ii) be inhibited by the analyte in the presence of a substrate compound. The sensor also includes at least one indicator compound selected to produce a measurable change of state as a result of the interaction of the analyte and the enzyme. Each of the enzyme and the indicator compound are incorporated within a single polymer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a short, convergent total synthesis of irinotecan and derivative compounds which comprises of a novel 4+1 radical annulation wherein the precursor is reacted with an aryl isonitrile having the formula wherein X is Br or I, and R4 is an alkyl group, an allyl group, a propargyl group or a benzyl group, and R16 is H, a C1-C6 alkoxy group, a group wherein p is an integer between 4 and 12, or a C1-C12 acyclic dialkylamino group. The present invention also provides novel chemical intermediates for such 4+1 radical annulations.

Abstract: An A-ring substituted chemical compound has the formula wherein Y is —CR3, R1, R2, R3 and R6 are, independently, hydrogen, an allyl group, a benzyl group, a propargyl group, an alkoxyl group, a halogen, a haloalkyl group, an amino group, or a cyano group, R4 is an alkyl group, an allyl group, a propargyl group or a benzyl group, and R5 is an alkyl group, or a benzyl group.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing compounds having the formula via a 4+1 radical annulation/cyclization wherein the precursor is reacted with an aryl isonitrile having the formula wherein X is selected from the group consisting of Br and I, ≡Y is ≡N or ≡C—R3, R1, R2, and R6 are independently hydrogen, a normal alkyl group, a branched alkyl group, an allyl group, a benzyl group, an alkynyl group, a propargyl group, an alkoxyl group, a halogen group, a trialkylsilyl group, an amino group, an alkyl amino group, a dialkylamino group, an aminoalkyl group, a cyano group, or R16CO—, wherein R16 is an alkyl group, an alkoxyl group, or an amino group, R3 is hydrogen, a normal alkyl group, a branched alkyl group, an allyl group, a benzyl group, an alkynyl group, a propargyl group, an alkoxyl group, a halogen group, a trialkylsilyl group, an amino group, an alkyl amino group, a dialkylamino group, an aminoalkyl group, a cyano group, or R16CO

Abstract: A compound has the formula in racemic form, enantiomerically enriched form or enantiomerically pure form. R6 is preferably —Si(R8R9R10) or —(R7)Si(R8R9R10), wherein R7 is an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, or an alkynylene group; and R8, R9 and R10 are independently a C1-10 alkyl group, a C2-10 alkenyl group, a C2-10 alkynyl group, an aryl group or a —(CH2)NR11 group, wherein N is an integer within the range of 1 through 10 and R11 is a hydroxy group, alkoxy group, an amino group, an alkylamino group, a dialkylamino group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, —SRc or a nitro group. R1-R can be broadly substituted. R5 is preferably a C1-10 alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, or a benzyl group. R13 is preferably H, F or —CH3. R16 is R16 is —C(O)Rf or H. The E-ring (the lactone ring) may be opened. A method of synthesis of compound (1) and intermediates in the synthesis thereof are provided.

Abstract: A method for producing a powder comprises the steps of: charging a vessel with a mixture of at least two solid components. At least one of the solid components comprises a polymeric resin. The vessel with charged with a fluid in which the polymeric resin, and preferably the other components of the mixture, are not substantially soluble. The fluid is selected such that the density of the fluid can be adjusted upon adjustment of temperature and pressure in the vessel to enable creation of a suspension of the mixture within the vessel upon agitation of the contents of the vessel. The temperature is maintained above the glass transition temperature of the polymeric resin in the fluid. The pressure of the fluid is adjusted such that the density of the fluid enables creation of the suspension of the mixture within the vessel upon agitation of the contents of the vessel. The contents of the vessel is agitated to create the suspension.