Abstract: A magnesium treatment for removing water-soluble impurities in a process for making crystalline sodium carbonate, bicarbonate, or sulfite. A waste comprising such impurities is treated with a magnesium compound to form water-insoluble matter which is removed to form a purified solution. The treatment may be performed on a solution which contains the waste and optionally dissolved calcined trona. The purified solution may be used as a feedstock to form crystalline soda ash, and/or used as a reactant to produce crystalline sodium sulfite or bicarbonate via reaction with SO2 or CO2. In preferred embodiments, the waste may comprise a purge or weak liquor, a reclaimed solid, or combinations thereof. The water-soluble impurities may be silicates and/or foam-causing impurities, and the waste may contain sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, and/or one or more sodium carbonate hydrates, such as decahydrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to non-flammable compositions comprising fluorinated compounds selected from the group consisting of hydrofluoroalkanes, hydrofluoroalkenes, partially or perfluorinated aromatic compounds, hydrofluoroethers or fluoroketones, 1,2-dichloroethylene, especially trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, and a stabilizer. These non-flammable compositions which preferably contain 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, can be used especially as solvents for cleaning and defluxing electronic components and for degreasing metals. The compositions further may comprise a propellant, e.g. 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. These compositions are especially suitable as flushing agent.

Abstract: Gas mixtures which comprise acids like HF, HCl or HBr and other constituents, especially gas mixtures which comprise or consist of carboxylic acid fluorides, C(O)F2 or phosphorous pentafluoride and HCl and optionally HF, can be separated by ionic liquids. The process is performed reversibly. Ionic liquids are applied the anion of which corresponds to a stronger acid than the acid to be removed. Highly purified products, for example, highly purified carbonyl fluoride can be obtained.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a chlorohydrin by reacting a polyhydroxylated-aliphatic hydrocarbon, an ester of a polyhydroxylated-aliphatic hydrocarbon, or a mixture thereof with a chlorinating agent in a reactor containing a liquid reaction medium wherein the chlorinating agent is used at least partially in the gaseous form, and wherein said reactor is stirred by means of a stirring system comprising at least one radial-flow impeller and at least one axial-flow impeller.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing dichloropropanol via reaction between glycerol and/or monochloropropanediol and a chlorinating agent in a reactor which is supplied with one or more liquid streams, in which the sum of the glycerol and monochloropropanediol contents in all the liquid streams introduced into the reactor is less than 50 wt % and in which all the liquid streams introduced into the reactor comprise at least one liquid recycling stream, the recycling stream forming at least 10 wt % of all the liquid streams introduced into the reactor.

Abstract: Use of working fluids for energy conversion in a thermal Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) process for combined generation of electrical and heat energy. The heat source used in the ORC process is in particular thermal water. The working fluids used in the ORC process are partially or perfluorinated hydrocarbons and/or partially or perfluorinated polyethers and/or partially or perfluorinated ketones. In some embodiments, the working fluid used is a combination of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and a fluorinated polyether having a molecular weight of 340 and a boiling point of 57° C. at 101.3 kPa, or a combination of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and at least one partially or perfluorinated ketone.

Abstract: Process for treating substances contaminated by heavy metals, according to which a calcium phosphate gel is produced and is brought into contact with the contaminated substances.

Abstract: Aromatic hydrogenated polymers comprising perfluoropolyether (PFPE) chains bonded to the aromatic rings to form sequences randomly distributed in the polymer structure, having the formula (I): (T1-CF2O—Rf—CF2)n-T3 in which: n is an integer from 1 to 10; T1 is an aromatic group of the backbone of the hydrogenated polymer, or alternatively condensed aromatic groups; T3 may be equal to T1, or alternatively a functional group —COOH or —COF; Rf is a (per)fluoropolyoxyalkylene chain, in which the starting hydrogenated aromatic polymers are obtained by polycondensation, stepwise polyaddition or polyaddition of cyclic monomers in which the ring is formed by at least 3 atoms.

Abstract: Process for producing sodium bicarbonate for purifying flue gases, according to which an aqueous solution containing sodium sulfate is subjected to electrodialysis to produce a sodium hydroxide solution and a sodium bisulfate solution, the sodium hydroxide solution being carbonated in order to obtain sodium bicarbonate.

Abstract: Process for measuring a liquid level in a tank and a system suitable for such process that consists in: positioning, in the tank, two substantially identical reference capacitors and two substantially identical measurement capacitors so that, when the tank is full, the four capacitors are submerged and so that, when the liquid level in the tank falls, a measurement capacitor/reference capacitor pair (Cmeas2, Cref2) emerges before another pair of capacitors (Cmeas1, Cref1); measuring the four capacitors Cmeas1, Cref1, Cmeas2, Cref2 in air when they are in air; and when at least one capacitor is at least partly immersed in the liquid, measuring the value of the four capacitors, and calculating the liquid level in the tank from the measured value of the capacitor partly immersed in the liquid, its value previously measured in air, and the measured values of the other capacitors.

Abstract: Process for the production of ethylene for chemical use starting with a hydrocarbon source according to which: a) the hydrocarbon source is subjected to a first cracking step, namely a pyrolysis step carried out in a cracking oven, thus producing a mixture of cracking products; b) the mixture of cracking products is subjected to a succession of treatment steps, including a compression step, which makes it possible to obtain a purified crude gas stream; c) the purified crude gas stream is then cooled to a temperature where hydrocarbons with 6 and more carbon atoms condense so that they can be removed from the purified crude gas stream; d) the resulting purified gas stream is afterwards supplied to one separating column, where a fraction A containing hydrogen, methane and ethylene is separated at the head of the column and a heavy fraction C is separated at the bottom of the column; e) a part of the reflux of this column is supplied to a refrigeration cycle leading to a fraction B enriched with ethylene; and f)

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) starting from a stream of ethane which is subjected to a catalytic oxydehydrogenation (ODH) producing a gas mixture containing ethylene then dried and subjected to an absorption to be separated into a fraction enriched with the compounds that are lighter than ethylene containing some of the ethylene conveyed to a chlorination reactor R1 in which most of the ethylene is converted into DCE, and into a fraction F1 which is subjected to a desorption D1 to be separated into an ethylene fraction depleted of the compounds that are lighter than ethylene conveyed to a chlorination reactor R2, the stream of products derived from this reactor being added to the dry gas mixture, and into a fraction F2. Fraction F2 is then subjected to a desorption D2 to be separated into a fraction enriched with ethylene conveyed to an oxychlorination reactor in which most of the ethylene is converted into DCE, and into a fraction F3 which is recycled to the absorption.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) starting from a stream of ethane which is subjected to a catalytic oxydehydrogenation (ODH) producing a gas mixture containing ethylene, then dried and subjected to an absorption to be separated into a fraction enriched with the compounds that are lighter than ethylene containing some of the ethylene conveyed to a chlorination reactor in which most of the ethylene is converted to DCE, and into a fraction F1. Fraction F1 is then subjected to a desorption to be separated into a fraction enriched with ethylene conveyed to an oxychlorination reactor in which most of the ethylene is converted into DCE, and into a fraction F3.

Abstract: A cyclic phosphazene compound complying with formula (I) or (II): wherein: Rfand R?frepresent independently a (per)fluoropolyoxyalkylene chain comprising recurring units Ro, said recurring units, distributed randomly through the (per)fluoropolyoxyalkylene chain, being chosen among; (i)—CFXO—, X being F or CF3; (ii) —CF2CFXO—, X being F or CF3; (iii) —CF2CF2CF2O—; (iv) —CF2CF2CF2CF2O—; Z and Z? represent a polar group of formula —O?M+, M being chosen among hydrogen, a monovalent metal, or an ammonium radical of formula NR1R2R3R4, or represent a polar group of formula —O?)2M?2+, M? being a divalent metal; nZ is an integer from 1 to 3; nZ? is an integer from 1 to 4; nf? is an integer such that nZ?+nf? is equal to 8; and nfis an integer such that nZ+nfis equal to 6.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) starting from a stream of ethane which is subjected to a catalytic oxydehydrogenation (ODH) thus producing a gas mixture containing ethylene which is then dried and conveyed to a chlorination reactor supplied with a flow of chlorine so that at least 10% of the ethylene is converted to DCE. The stream of products derived from the chlorination reactor is then conveyed to an oxychlorination reactor in which the majority of the balance of ethylene is converted to DCE.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) starting with a hydrocarbon source which is subjected to a cracking thus producing a mixture of cracking products then subjected to treatment steps to obtain a mixture of products containing ethylene. The mixture is afterwards subjected to a first separation step into a fraction enriched with the compounds that are lighter than ethylene containing some of the ethylene conveyed to a chlorination reactor in which most of the ethylene is converted to DCE, and into a fraction F1 which is subjected to a second separation step into a fraction F2 and into a heavy fraction. Fraction F2 is afterwards subjected to a third separation step into a fraction enriched with ethylene conveyed to an oxychlorination reactor in which most of the ethylene is converted to DCE, and into a fraction F3 mainly composed of ethane.

Abstract: A telomerisation process is described whereby haloalkanes like tetrachloromethane are added to halogenated olefins like 2-chloroprop-1-ene in the presence of an iron catalyst and a phosphite. The reaction products, e.g. 1,1,1,3,3-pentachlorobutane, can be fluorinated.

Abstract: A device for a venting circuit of a liquid tank provided with a canister and a filling tube including a filling head, this device comprising: a) a control chamber that communicates with: the canister via a main orifice and a smaller-flow-area secondary orifice, both terminating in a ventilation line leading to the canister; the interior of the tank via the venting circuit; and the filling head via a pressure-equalizing line; b) a closure member that is: provided with an opening therethrough which brings the venting circuit into communication with the pressure-equalizing line; able to move in the control chamber between an operating position with the main orifice closed off by gravity and the secondary orifice left open, and a filling position with both orifices left open; and shaped to sealingly conform to at least a control chamber part that includes the main orifice.

Abstract: Process for milling a substance selected from sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium sesquicarbonate or trona, in which a cleaning agent is introduced into a mill for the purpose of obtaining a powder with a mean diameter of less than 100 ?m and of inhibiting the formation of incrustations in the mill.

Abstract: Cartridge for the treatment of a gas by reaction with a reactive substance, comprising a cohesive assembly of alveolate cells that are at least partly filled with the reactive substance, the alveolate cells possessing one part of their wall which is permeable to the gas and impermeable to the reactive substance, said wall part being intended to be in contact with the gas.