Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## Y is O or S, *A is paraphenylene or *--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --(X).sub.m --(CH.sub.2).sub.r --, X is O, S or --CH.dbd.CH--, n or r, independently, are integers from 0 to 3, s is an integer from 0 to 1, m is an integer from 0 to 1, provided that when m is 1, n+s must be at least 2, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, independently, are hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, lower alkenyl, Het, Aryl, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.8, independently, are hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, independently, are hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sub.7 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, Het-lower alkyl or aryl, Het is a monocyclic 5- or 6-membered hetero aromatic or a bicyclic heteroaromatic radical containing one or two hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, which radical may be substituted by lower alkyl, halogen or aryl, and the asterisk denotes the point of attachment,and when R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are different, their enantiomers and racemic mixtures thereof, when R.sub.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is a integer of 0 to 2; R.sub.1 ' and R.sub.2 ' are, independently, hydrogen, halogen, trifluoromethyl, lower alkoxy or lower alkyl; and X is pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl or ##STR2## wherein R is hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl or ar-lower alkyl; provided that at least one or R.sub.1 ' and R.sub.2 ' is other than hydrogen,and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts, and an anti-inflammatory method utilizing a compound of the formula ##STR3## wherein n is an integer of 0 to 2; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are, independently, hydrogen, halogen, trifluoromethyl, nitro, amino, lower alkylamino, di-lower-alkylamino, lower alkoxy or lower alkyl; and X is pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl or ##STR4## wherein R is hydrogen, lower alkyl, aryl or ar-lower alkyl; and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts, are described.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, halogen, trifluoromethyl, nitro, cyano, lower alkyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl, lower alkylthio, lower alkylsulphonyl, lower alkanoyl, aroyl, carbamoyl, mono(lower alkyl)carbamoyl or di(lower alkyl)carbamoyl, R.sup.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or phenyl, R.sup.3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each is hydrogen or R.sup.4 is hydroxy and R.sup.5 is hydrogen or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 together are a carbon-carbon bond and R.sup.6 is an aryl or N-heteroaryl group carrying a hydroxy group in the 2-position or, in the case of a N-heteroaryl group, also a N-oxide group in the 2-position, and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of these compounds of formula I which are basic, possess pronounced potassium channel activating activity and can be used as medicaments, particularly in the control or prevention of hypertension, congestive heart failure, angina pectoris, peripheral and cerebral vascular disease and smooth muscle disorders.

Abstract: A degradation product of ascorbic acid or isoascorbic acid obtained by heating the acid at a temperature between about 70.degree. C. and about 210.degree. C. until partial or complete decomposition of the acid occurs, useful in admixture with various nitrate-containing oxidation agents as an explosive and propellant material for a wide range of specific applications.

Abstract: A process of producing 2-keto-L-gulonic acid by fermentative conversion of L-sorbose utilizing a fermentation system composed of component produced from a microorganism having the identifying characteristics of strain DSM No. 4025 and a yeast component.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is --CH.dbd.CH-- or S; R.sub.1 is lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or trifluoromethyl;R.sub.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, hydroxy or alkanoyloxy;R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, independently, are hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy;s is an integer from 0 to 1, provided that when s is 1,R.sub.2 cannot be hydroxy, lower alkoxy or alkanoyloxy;R.sub.5 is a radical of the formula R.sub.6 --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- or R.sub.7 --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --wherein R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are aryl or a heterocyclic radical, n is an integer of from 0 to 2 and m is an integer of from 1 to 2, provided that, when n is 0, R.sub.6 must be attached through a carbon to carbon bond, and provided that R.sub.7 is always attached through a carbon to oxygen bond,and, when at least one asymmetric carbon is present, its enantiomers and racemates, and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is phenyl substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen and lower alkoxy; R.sub.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkanoyl, lower cycloalkanoyl, ##STR2## R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently lower alkyl, phenyl lower alkyl or together form a piperidine or pyrrolidine ring; n is 2 to 4; m is 1 to 2; and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof are described. The compounds of formula I are active as calcium channel blockers and accordingly, are useful as agents for treating ischemia.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel process for producing chromane derivatives, which are suitable as intermediates for the manufacture of d-.alpha.-tocopherol (natural vitamin E), and with a process for producing d-.alpha.-tocopherol itself.

Abstract: Benzazecinediones of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen or chlorine, R.sup.3 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or methoxy, R.sup.4 is hydrogen, chlorine or methoxy and R.sup.5 is hydrogen, acetyl, propionyl, benzoyl, chlorobenzoyl, methoxybenzoyl or phenylacetyl, with the proviso that 2 or 3 of the groups R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are hydrogen, as well as many of the corresponding benzo[f]quinolines from which these benzazecinediones can be prepared by oxidation are suitable for the control or prevention of cerebral insufficiency or for the improvement of cognitive functions in mammals. They can be produced according to various processes and can be prepared into pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is C.sub.1-8 -alkylene, R.sup.1 is halogen, C.sub.1-4 -alkyl or halo-(C.sub.1-4 -alkyl), R.sup.2 is hydrogen, hydroxy or acyloxy, R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, R.sup.4 is aryl or aryloxy and X is O or NH,and tautomers thereof are described. The compounds of formula I and their tautomers possess antiviral activity and can be used in the form of medicaments for the control and prevention of viral infections.

Abstract: The imidazolium compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Q is arylene or heteroarylene, the group --NR.sup.1 R.sup.2 is a basic amino group, R.sup.3 is lower alkylthio, lower alkoxy or the group --(A).sub.n --Ra, R.sup.4 is a saturated or partially unsaturated lower hydrocarbon group, a basic amino group, --N.dbd.CRc--Rb, --CHRcRd, --NH--CHRcRd, --NH--CO--Re or --CHRc--CO--Re, R.sup.5 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower hydroxyalkyl, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower haloalkyl, aryl or a fused benzene ring, R.sup.6 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, Ra and Rb independently are aryl, heteroaryl or a basic amino group, Rc is hydrogen or lower alkyl, Rd is aryl or heteroaryl, Re is hydrogen, a saturated or partially unsaturated lower hydrocarbon group optionally attached via an oxygen atom, or an aryl, heteroaryl or basic amino group optionally attached via a lower alkyl group, A is vinylene or lower alkylene, n is the integer 0 or 1, the dotted line is an additional double bond and the symbol Y.sup.

Abstract: An antibacterial synergistic composition consisting essentially of a mixture of a penicillin or cephalosporin derivative of the formula ##STR1## and a penicillin of the formula ##STR2## preferably in association with a pharmaceutical carrier.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 -R.sup.19 are as described in the specification. The present invention is concerned with benzimidazole derivatives, particularly benzimidazole-2-yl pyridinium compounds of formula I which are pharmaceutically useful in treating or preventing gastric and duodenal ulcers. The invention includes the compounds I, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and the use of such compounds in therapeutic treatment or prevention of gastric and duodenal ulcers.

Abstract: The manufacture of 1-sulpho-2-oxazetidine derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which Het is an optionally amino-substituted, 5- or 6-membered, aromatic heterocycle containing 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms and optionally also an oxygen or sulphur atom, R.sup.1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, phenyl-lower alkyl, lower alkanoyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl, lower alkenyl-lower alkyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl-lower alkyl, phenyl-lower-alkoxycarbonyl-lower alkyl, nitrophenyl-lower-alkoxycarbonyl-lower alkyl or carboxy-lower alkyl and R.sup.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl, lower alkanoyloxy-lower alkyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl-lower alkenyl, hydroxyiminomethyl, lower alkoxyiminomethyl, carbamoyl, carbamoyl-lower alkenyl or carbamoyloxy-lower alkyl, the group .dbd.NOR.sup.

Abstract: Tetracyclic compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, X, Y, Z and n are as hereinafter described, and salts thereof, prepared starting from corresponding tricyclic compounds, are described. The compounds I and some of the said tricyclic compounds have antibacterial activity, and are therefore useful as antibacterial agents.

Abstract: A process for producing alpha-tocopherol and intermediates in this process.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently are lower-alkyl; or together are alkylene with 3-5 C-atoms in a straight chain; one of the residues R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is hydrogen and the other is hydrogen or lower-alkyl; R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are hydrogen or lower-alkyl; R.sup.5 and R.sup.8 are hydrogen, lower-alkyl, lower-alkoxy or halogen; X signifies --O--, --S--, --SO--, --SO.sub.2 -- or --NR.sup.9 ; R.sup.9 is hydrogen, lower-alkyl or acyl; Y is --S(O).sub.m R.sup.10 or --NHet and, where X is --NR.sup.9 --, --S--, --SO-- or --SO.sub.2 --, also --N(R.sup.11).sub.2 or --OR.sup.12 ; R.sup.10 is lower-alkyl; R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are hydrogen, lower-alkyl or acyl; --NHet is a 5-8 membered, saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic heterocycle, attached via a N-atom; n is 2, 3 or 4 and m is 0, 1 or 2, are described. The compounds of formula I are useful as agents for the treatment of disorders such as neoplasms, dermatoses or ageing of the skin.

Abstract: A novel process for the concentration of natural tocopherols and/or steroids in materials derived from natural sources by treating this material with calcium hydroxide in the presence of water in an inert water-miscible organic solvent and subsequently separating from this material the thus-formed calcium salts.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted naphthalene carboxylic acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is ##STR2## and the other is hydrogen, wherein R is hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sub.10 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, and m is 0 or 1 A is ##STR3## wherein R.sub.3 is hydrogen or acyl, R.sub.4 is a hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, aryl or cycloalkyl, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 independently are hydrogen or halogen, and n is an integer from 2-10, or A is ##STR4## wherein R.sub.3 is hydrogen or acyl, R.sub.7 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sub.8 and R.sub.9, independently, are hydrogen, lower alkyl or halogen, t is 0 or 1, and n is an integer from 2-10,and, when R.sub.10 is lower alkyl, enantiomers and racemates thereof, and, when R is hydrogen, salts thereof with pharmaceutically acceptable bases.

Abstract: There are described dihydroxy naphthalene derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or benzyl, R.sub.2 is hydrogen, hydroxy or lower alkanoyloxy, R.sub.3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sub.4 is hydrogen or halogen, R.sub.5 is hydrogen, acyl, methyl or benzyl, m is 0 or 1, and n is an integer from 2 to 10, as well as salts thereof with pharmaceutically acceptable bases when R.sub.1 is hydrogen.These compounds are useful as agents for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, for instance, colitis, as pro-drugs, or as intermediates for the preparation of such compounds.