Abstract: Methods are provided for reducing non-specific interference in competitive protein binding assays employing as the labeled reagent a fluorescent conjugate of a hydrophobic ligand conjugated to a fluorescer, which in turn is bound to a water soluble polysaccharide carrier ("fluorescer conjugate reagent"). In order to reduce non-specific interference from physiologic samples, the fluorescent reagent is combined with a lipid substituted neutral support, under conditions which provides two binding fractions: a first weakly binding fraction which is relatively free of non-specific interference in a competitive protein binding assay employing physiological fluids; and a second fraction, which more strongly binds to the lipid substituted support.

Abstract: Method and compositions produced thereby concerning high specific surface area carbides and nitrides. The carbides and nitrides are obtained by thermal reduction of oxides in the presence of a source of carbon or nitrogen respectively, with relatively slow progressive temperature increases prior to completion of the reaction, followed by quenching.

Abstract: Yeast metallothionein (copper chelatin) and DNA sequences having the gene encoding the polypeptide are provided. The DNA sequences find use in producing copper chelatin and in amplifying downstream flanking regions.

Abstract: Method for isolating specific antibody hybridomas from a hybridoma cell mixture employing antigen-conjugated labeled microspheres and a label activated cell sorter. By selecting for labeled cells which produce light scatter and low red autofluorescence, viable single cells can be isolated and cloned which produce the desired antibodies.

Abstract: The adenovirus major late promoter is employed as a promoter for expression in a yeast host. Constructions are provided for expression in yeast with the adenovirus major late promoter and a coding segment.

Abstract: Conjugates of heavy atoms containing analytes or their analogs and fluorescent molecules are covalently bonded to macromolecular supports to minimize the interference of fluorescence during assays, due to non-specific binding of serum proteins to the conjugate.

Abstract: Carbonyl derivatives of acetaminophen are provided for use in homogeneous enzyme immunoassays for acetaminophen. The derivatives are conjugated to antigenic substances for the preparation of antisera specific to acetaminophen, and to enzymes for the preparation of enzyme conjugates which compete with acetaminophen for antibody binding sites in a typical assay.

Abstract: A method for determining a member of a specific binding pair-ligand and receptor (antiligand). Reagents employed include a first modified member which provides an electrical field due to the presence of a plurality of ionic charges and a second modified member labeled with a component of a signal producing system, which system may have one or more components. The average proximity in the assay medium of the first and second modified members is related to the amount of analyte, where the observed signal from the signal producing system is related to the effect of the electrical field on the signal producing system.Also, compositions are provided, as well as reagents, in predetermined ratios for optimizing the signal response to variations in analyte concentration.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for gene transfer to intact mammals with expression of the exogenous genetic material in the host. Mammalian host cells which are regenerative, normally highly proliferative or subject to induced proliferation, are transformed or modified in vitro with DNA capable of replication and expression in the host cell, wherein the DNA becomes incorporated into the cell. The modified cells are found to regenerate in the host with expression of the introduced DNA. Particularly, mammalian cells were modified with genes providing for overproduction of a particular enzyme. The modified cells were reintroduced in the host under conditions providing for selective advantage of the modified cells.

Abstract: Method for preparing high signal strength promoters and terminators and DNA compositions employing such promoters and terminators. T5 phage is cleaved to provide for DNA sequences having intact promoters. These promoters are inserted into vectors separated from a balanced terminator by a gene of interest and the terminator is desirably followed by a marker allowing for selection of transformants. High efficiencies in transcription of DNA can be achieved with the highly active T5 promoters. The promoters and terminators are used in hybrid DNA for efficient expression of structural genes and transcription to provide RNA sequences.

Abstract: Electroanalytical elements are provided involving a polarity-sensitive layer; a first lipid layer non-diffusively bound to said polarity-sensitive layer; and, a second amphiphilic layer, with hydrophilic heads distal from said first lipid layer and defining a polar layer which interacts with said polarity-sensitive layer. The device is used in polar media to detect variations in the electrostatic interaction between the polar layer and the polarity-sensitive layer.

Abstract: Chloramphenicol derivatives are provided for use in the preparing of antigen conjugates for the production of antibodies specifically for chloramphenicol. Specifically, the aryl amino group is derivatized to introduce a non-oxocarbonyl group which is used for amide formation with an antigen. The conjugate is then injected into a vertebrate for production of antisera which is isolated in conventional ways and finds particular use in competitive protein binding assays.

Abstract: Chloramphenicol derivatives are provided for use in the preparing of antigen conjugates for the production of antibodies specifically for chloramphenicol. Specifically, the aryl amino group is derivatized to introduce a non-oxocarbonyl group which is used for amide formation with an antigen. The conjugate is then injected into a vertebrate for production of antisera which is isolated in conventional ways and find particular use in competitive protein binding assays.

Abstract: Methods and compositions involving two-dimensional ordering of organic polar solvent soluble organic macromolecules. Lipid monolayer forming molecules are bound covalently or non-covalently to organic macromolecules soluble in polar solvents, whereby the macromolecules are allowed to become oriented in two-dimensions to form an ordered, low free energy, including crystalline, layer of macromolecules. The macromolecules may then be further combined with other moieties to create additional layers, to be cross-linked or otherwise modified, and/or separated from the lipid monolayer. The resulting ordered layers can be used for a variety of purposes, in crystallographic techniques for structure determination and structural relationship determinations, in optics, as polymers, films, and the like.

Abstract: Novel methods are provided for preparing peptide compounds involving functionalizing an available amino group with a carboxy group, esterifying the carboxy group with an hydroxylic compound which forms an ester which is stable under the conditions of cleavage of the oligopeptide from said resin, but which ester is capable of forming a peptide bond with an amino group in an aqueous medium, and without separation, either allowing the oligopeptide to react with itself or with a polypeptide compound.

Abstract: A functional extrachromosomal element capable of replication in filamentous fungi is provided. The extrachromosomal element employs (1) a mitochondrial replicating element or (2) a lower organism replication sequence recognized by the fungus, in combination with foreign DNA to provide replication, transcription, and translation of foreign regulatory elements and genes. The extrachromosomal element is exemplified by a mitochondrial replicating system from Neurospora.The cell strain E. coli HB101 containing the plasmid pALS-1-1 has been deposited at the A.T.C.C. on July 13, 1982, for patent purposes and given the designation ATCC 39157.The cell strain E. coli HB101 containing the plasmid pALS-2 has been deposited at the A.T.C.C. on July 13, 1982, for patent purposes and given the designation ATCC 39158.

Abstract: Methods and compositions concerned with the a determinant of hepatitis B antigen, providing immunogens and antibodies. The immunogens can serve as vaccines.

Abstract: Fluorescent antigen conjugates are provided comprising antigens covalantly bonded to at least one 2,7-dialiphatic substituted-9-phenyl-6-hydroxy-3H-xanthen-3-one, wherein the 1- and 8-positions are unsubstituted. Also provided are novel fluorescent compounds absorbing at wavelengths in excess of 500 nm, having active functionalities for linking to the antigen. Finally, methods are provided for analyzing antigens in serum, whereby serum interference is avoided.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for asymmetrically donating an oxygen atom to a pair of electrons to produce an asymmetric product. Specifically, a metal alkoxide is used as a catalyst, where the metal has a coordination number of at least four, and at least one, usually two, of the alkoxide groups bonded to the metal are bonded to asymmetric carbon atoms. The metal catalyst is employed in conjunction with a hydroperoxide and an alkanol having a functionality with a pair of electrons capable of accepting an oxygen atom. The resulting product is enriched in one enantiomer due to the enantioselective introduction of an asymmetric center or an enhanced rate of reaction of one of the enantiomers of a chiral alkanol.

Abstract: Method and compositions are provided for replication and expression of exogenous genes in microorganisms. Plasmids or virus DNA are cleaved to provide linear DNA having ligatable termini, which are bound to a gene having complementary termini, to provide a biologically functional replicon with a desired phenotypical property. The replicon is inserted into a microorganism cell by transformation. Isolation of the transformants provides cells for replication and expression of the DNA molecules present in the modified plasmid. The method provides a convenient and efficient way to introduce genetic capability into microorganisms for the production of nucleic acids are proteins, such as medically or commercially useful enzymes, which may have direct usefulness, or may find expression in the production of drugs, such as hormones, antibiotics, or the like, fixation of nitrogen, fermentation, utilization of specific feedstocks, or the like.