Abstract: A battery unit comprises a bypass structure. The bypass structure includes a bypass exit opening formed at one end of a second direction traversing a first direction at a first end of the battery case, the first direction being oriented from the first end to a second end at which an outlet is formed, a bypass entrance opening formed in a central part of the battery case along the first direction and in a central part along the second direction, a bypass duct by which the bypass exit opening communicates with the bypass entrance opening, and a flow path which guides a cooling gas downstream of the bypass entrance opening to both sides of the second direction.

Abstract: An active oxygen management, fire encirclement, and operational verification system. The system includes multiple doors and enclosing interior spaces, a programmable door controller, and at least one sensor associated with each of the doors. The sensors monitor predetermined conditions associated with the associated door. Each door controller is interconnected with each other door controller and contains instructions for communicating messages and commands to other specific door controllers if one or more of the predetermined conditions is determined to be an abnormal condition. If the abnormal condition is sensed by a sensor associated with one door, the programmable door controller associated with that door executes a predetermined set of instructions issuing a command to the programmable door controller associated with at least a second door. This command from the first door controller causes the second programmable door controller to execute a predetermined instruction set affecting the second door.

Abstract: A communication device for transmitting a sequence of data, which is transmitted thereto at a given transmission rate, at a desired transmission rate greater than the former transmission rate over a transmission line. The device comprises a mapping unit, in order to map the sequence of data into a plurality of frames in a predetermined form, each of which consists of a plurality of blocks, for assigning a predetermined amount of data to a data transmission area in each of the plurality of blocks included in each frame so that the sequence of data is nearly-uniformly arranged over the plurality of blocks included in each frame.