Abstract: A method and apparatus of calibrating a transmitter are disclosed. The method includes attenuating transmitter output signals as controlled by an output control signal, ensuring that an average power of the transmitter output signals is below a threshold level, and performing calibration of the transmitter at periods of time in which the output control signal is attenuating the transmitter output signals a lesser amount. The lesser amount can be less than an average of a minimum amount of attenuation and a maximum amount of attenuation. The apparatus includes a transmitter that includes a frequency up-converting LO mixer for frequency up-converting base band signals, generating transmitter output signals, a transmitter antenna for transmitting the transmitter output signals, and control circuitry for controlling attenuating the transmitter output signals during a calibration of the transmitter.

Abstract: An active pixel sensor. The active pixel sensor includes a substrate, an interconnect structure adjacent to the substrate, and at least one photo sensor adjacent to the interconnect structure. At least one photo sensor is formed adjacent to the interconnect structure. Each photo sensor includes a pixel electrode which includes a patterned doped semiconductor layer. An I-layer is formed adjacent to the patterned doped semiconductor layer. A transparent electrode is formed adjacent to the I-layer. A method of forming the active pixel sensor includes forming an interconnect structure over a substrate. Next, a doped semiconductor layer is deposited over the interconnect structure. The doped semiconductor layer is etched forming pixel electrode. An I-layer is deposited over the pixel electrodes. Finally, a transparent conductive layer is deposited over the I-layer.

Abstract: A color detection active pixel sensor. The color detection active pixel sensor includes a substrate. A diode is electrically connected to a first doped region of the substrate. The diode conducts charge when the diode receives photons having a first range of wavelengths. The substrate includes a second doped region. The second doped region conducts charge when receiving photons having a second range of wavelengths. The photons having the second range of wavelengths passing through the diode substantially undetected by the diode. The substrate can include a doped well within the substrate. The doped well conducts charge when receiving photons having a third range of wavelengths. The photons having the third range of wavelengths pass through the diode substantially undetected by the diode.