Abstract: In a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine having a positionable valve which controls an amount of injected fuel during a cycle of the internal combustion engine in response to a control signal, a system for controlling the valve position includes an error signal generator for generating an error signal based on the difference between the desired valve position and the actual valve position. A feedback controller generates the control signal based on a fourth derivative, with respect to time, of the error signal.

Abstract: In a speech-recognition system having a plurality of classifiers, a voting window includes a sequence of outputs from each of the classifiers. For each classifier, a voting sum is generated corresponding to the voting window. A spoken sound is identified by determining which classifier corresponds to the greatest voting sum.

Abstract: A plurality of sensors sense a plurality of parameters including flow rate of a slurry being filtered sensed along a filtration medium and differential pressure across the medium which characterize the operation of a cross-flow filtration system having a moving, continuous filter medium. The plurality of sensors produce a plurality of signals representative of the plurality of parameters. A processor processes the plurality of signals to provide at least one control signal. The at least one control signal is applied to the filtration system to control at least one parameter thereof. As a result, a desired operating condition or a desired performance criterion is automatically maintained during operation of the filtration system.

Abstract: A universal multimedia access apparatus for accessing any of a plurality of multimedia applications provided by a multimedia network. The universal multimedia access apparatus accesses a predetermined one of the plurality of multimedia applications using an application-specific module interfaced thereto, the application-specific module being selected from a plurality of application-specific modules. The universal multimedia access apparatus comprises a transceiver and a processing unit. The transceiver communicates multimedia information between the multimedia network and the application-specific module, and communicates with the multimedia network in any one of a plurality of communication modes.

Abstract: An auto-scaling controller and a method for use therefor is provided. The control inputs and the control coefficients are multiplied by scaling values. The scaling values are then tuned using a descent-based optimization method in order to optimize system performance.

Abstract: A method of analyzing data, particularly a speech signal, first pre-processes the signal by performing analog-to-digital conversion and cepstral analysis, producing a sequence of data frames. Then the sequence of data frames is partitioned into a plurality of data blocks. The data blocks may be subjected to further analysis, for example, by introducing them to a plurality of neural networks. The system may be implemented using either hardware or software or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A controller for transferring data between operational stages in a computer is provided. The controller includes a shift register for receiving a scheduling word and a counter for generating an address which corresponds to a datum to be transferred. The controller can be pre-programmed with a scheduling word to effect execution overlap between the stages.

Abstract: A personal anatomy card includes a card member and a machine-readable storage medium integrated in the card member. Machine-readable data including compressed data representative of a three-dimensional model of a portion of the individual is stored on the machine-readable storage medium. The three-dimensional model is formed by tomographically creating a plurality of two-dimensional cross-sectional images of a portion of the individual, processing the plurality of two-dimensional cross-sectional images to form data representative of the three-dimensional model, and compressing the data to form the compressed data. Optionally, a three-dimensional data player is integrated in the card member. The three-dimensional data player includes a display device, a user interface, and a processor. The processor is operative to decode the compressed data in dependence upon navigation instructions received by the user interface to command the display device to display a selected portion of the three-dimensional model.

Abstract: In a speech-recognition system having a plurality of classifiers, a voting window includes a sequence of outputs from each of the classifiers. At each interval in the voting window, the outputs are compared to determine a winning output. A spoken sound is identified by determining which classifier generates the greatest number of winning outputs in the voting window.

Abstract: Boundaries of spoken sounds in continuous speech are identified by classifying delimitative sounds to provide improved performance in a speech-recognition system. Delimitative sounds, those portions of continuous speech that occur between two spoken sounds, are recognized by the same method used to recognize spoken sounds. Recognition of delimitative sounds is accomplished by training a learning machine to act as a classifier which implements a discriminant function based on a polynomial expansion.

Abstract: An interactive image display system includes a user interface to select a portion of a wide-angle image sequence. An image processor processes the portion of the wide-angle image sequence selected by the user interface to produce a perspective corrected image sequence. A display device displays the perspective corrected image sequence produced by the image processor. An accounting system monitors a usage parameter associated with the interactive image display system. A controller selectively inhibits an operative feature provided by at least one of the user interface, the image processor, and the display device based upon the usage parameter.

Abstract: A receiver receives at least one message containing a visual message. A display device, in communication with the receiver, displays the visual message of a selected one of the at least one message. A first housing houses the receiver and the display device to form a self-contained, viable receiver unit. A camera captures at least one image. A transmitter transmits a signal based upon the at least one image captured by the camera. A second housing houses the camera and the transmitter to from a self-contained, viable transmitter unit. The second housing is selectively attachable and detachable from the first housing. As a result, the transmitter unit may be selectively attached to the receiver unit and detached from the receiver unit.

Abstract: A computing device, which may be implemented as an integrated circuit, is constructed of a microprocessor and one or more neural network co-processors. The microprocessor normally executes programs which transfer data to the neural network co-processors, which are used to compute complicated mathematical functions. Direct Memory Access (DMA) is also used to transfer data. Each neural network co-processor interfaces to the microprocessor in a manner substantially similar to that of a conventional memory device. The co-processor does not require any instructions and is configured to execute mathematical operations simply by being pre-loaded with gating functions and weight values. In addition, the co-processor executes a plurality of arithmetic operations in parallel, and the results of such operations are simply read from the co-processor.

Abstract: An artificial neuron, which may be implemented on an integrated circuit, has only one significant processing element in the form of an adder. Inputs are first fed through gating functions to produce gated inputs. These gated inputs are then added together to produce a sum which is added to a weight to produce the neuron output.

Abstract: A method is implemented in hardware or software type neural network, the neural network is constructed of neurons or neuron circuits each having only one significant processing element in the form of a multiplier. Each neuron applying a gating function to each of neural network inputs. The neural network utilizes a training algorithm which does not require repetitive training and which yields a global minimum to each given set of input vectors.

Abstract: A circuit and method for computing an exponential signal x.sup.g is provided. The circuit includes a logarithm converter which converts an input signal to binary word that represents the logarithm of an input signal x. A first shift register shifts the binary word in a bit-wise fashion to produce a first intermediate value; while a second shift register shifts the binary word in a bit-wise fashion to produce a second intermediate value. The shift registers may be implemented using multiplexers. The shifting operations are equivalent to multiplying the intermediate values by a factor which is a power of two. The first intermediate value is either added to or subtracted from the second intermediate value to produce a combined value. An inverse-logarithm converter converts the combined value to the exponential signal.

Abstract: A system polynomial is determined using a plurality of system I/O data, wherein the system polynomial expresses the system output in terms of the system input, and wherein the system polynomial has at least one linear term and at least one nonlinear term. A control polynomial is determined, the control polynomial having at least one cancellation term and at least one control term, the at least one cancellation term calculated to cancel the at least one nonlinear term of the system polynomial, and the at least one control term calculated to control the at least one linear term of the system polynomial. A control output signal is generated based on the control polynomial and the control input signal.

Abstract: An artificial neuron, which may be implemented on an integrated circuit, has only one significant processing element in the form of an adder. Inputs are first fed through gating functions to produce gated inputs. These gated inputs are then added together to produce a sum which is added to a weight to produce the neuron output.

Abstract: A method for storing data in a memory device is provided. The method stores blocks of data elements in a two-dimensional address space such that the blocks overlap in the address space. The data elements may be digital words which represent exponents of a polynomial expansion.

Abstract: A system polynomial is determined using a plurality of system I/O data, wherein the system polynomial expresses the system output in terms of the system input, and wherein the system polynomial has r' terms including at least one linear term and at least one nonlinear term, the r' terms found using a regression subsets technique. A control polynomial is determined, the control polynomial having at least one cancellation term and at least one control term, the at least one cancellation term calculated to cancel the at least one nonlinear term of the system polynomial, and the at least one control term calculated to control the at least one linear term of the system polynomial. A control output signal is generated based on the control polynomial and the control input signal.