Abstract: Lighted refrigerated display case with remote light source comprises a closed container with an interior of the container refrigerated to a temperature below 7 C. The container is thermally insulated from ambient, having internal and external walls. A solid fiber optic luminaire is at least partially mounted within the container, having an elongated side-light emitting portion for emitting light from the side of the luminaire onto contents in an interior of the display case. The side-light emitting portion comprises an extractor of light arranged to preferentially extract light from the luminaire and direct the light in at least one radial direction along the length of the side-light emitting portion to at least one target area of said contents along a longitudinal axis of the side-light emitting portion. A light-delivery system provides light to the fiber optic luminaire, having a light source mounted remotely from the interior of the container.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making an arrangement for collecting or emitting light. A flexible sheet of material serves as substrate for a plurality of light collecting or emitting devices mounted in spaced relation on the sheet. The sheet has thereon electrical leads for interconnection to each device. For each device, a respective light coupler is formed by (1) forming a plurality of reflectors on the sheet around the intended periphery of the respective device, by applying reflective material to selected areas of the sheet; (2) forming cut lines around selected edges of the plurality of reflectors; (3) forming fold lines associated with the reflectors; and (4) folding the reflectors and attached substrate away from the substrate portion on which the device is mounted, to form a coupler whose interior is reflective and that is substantially closed around a main axis of light propagation into or from the respective device.

Abstract: One form of the invention provides a method and apparatus for preventing an extraordinary electromagnetic pulse from reaching and rendering inoperative an electrical component of an electrical power system, wherein the component is located in a conductive path of the system that receives the pulse. The method and apparatus comprises the steps or means for detecting the presence of the pulse in the conductive path prior to the pulse reaching and rendering inoperative the electrical component. The pulse is diverted around the electrical component with a low inductance, high current capacity circuit relative to the electrical component before the pulse can reach and render the electrical component inoperative. The foregoing invention may beneficially utilize a high-speed current shunt comprising a flat conductive metal strap having a defined current-measuring region, a tapered parallel-plate transmission-line matching transformer attached to the current-measuring region and an output via a coaxial cable.

Abstract: An LED lighting system, with first and second types of LEDs of different efficacies, has a reduced-power usage mode. A control system independently controls first and second control groups of first and second types of LEDs, respectively. The control system has one or more modes including a reduced-power usage mode for decreasing the overall power consumption of the lighting system while maintaining a light level of at least a predetermined percentage of the level present when the first control group of LEDs operates at a power level between less-than-full power and full power and the second control group is off. The predetermined percentage is 50. The control system decreases the overall power consumption of the lighting system in the reduced-power usage mode by turning off or dimming the first control group and turning on the second control group to at least some extent.

Abstract: One form of the invention provides a method and apparatus for preventing an extraordinary electromagnetic pulse from reaching and rendering inoperative an electrical component of an electrical power system, wherein the component is located in a conductive path of the system that receives the pulse. The method and apparatus comprises the steps or means for detecting the presence of the pulse in the conductive path prior to the pulse reaching and rendering inoperative the electrical component. The pulse is diverted around the electrical component with a low inductance, high current capacity circuit relative to the electrical component before the pulse can reach and render the electrical component inoperative. The foregoing invention may beneficially utilize a high-speed current shunt comprising a flat conductive metal strap having a defined current-measuring region, a tapered parallel-plate transmission-line matching transformer attached to the current-measuring region and an output via a coaxial cable.

Abstract: An LED lighting arrangement comprising at least one LED, for producing light is disclosed. A power supply provides power for the at least one LED. At least one control circuit is coupled to the at least one LED in a way that directly or indirectly uses, to power the at least one control circuit, one or more forward voltage drops across the at least one LED. Beneficially, one or more additional control circuits can be added without redesign of the power supply for the at least one LED.

Abstract: A joint structure effective in reducing return loss and insertion loss of signals includes a body, a sleeve, a resilient element, a metallic pipe, a rod, two washers, and a packing. The sleeve is disposed in the body and penetrable by a terminal line. The sleeve has a positioning ring circumferentially in tight contact with the body and receives the resilient element. The circumference of the resilient element is integrally formed as a unitary unit and has longitudinal slashes whose ends are provided with bumps, respectively. A positioning ring is disposed at the other end of the resilient element. The resilient element and the rod are insertable into two ends of the metallic pipe, respectively. The rod has an end for penetrating the washers and packing, and has a positioning ring for enabling engagement and positioning of the washers, the packing, the rod, and the metallic pipe.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for the support and rotation of a reflector onto a body of a fluorescent luminary. The luminary body has first and second longitudinal ends along an axis. The rotatable reflector support system comprises an elongated reflector having first and second longitudinal ends. The reflector has first and second arch-shaped fittings proximate to the first and second reflector ends, respectively. First and second bases are mounted on the luminary body and are proximate to the first and second ends of the body, respectively. The side of each base faces the lamp, when the lamp is mounted in the luminary, and is shaped to engage a plurality of serial portions of an associated arch-shaped fitting in a manner allowing serial portions of the fitting, when manipulated, to slide along an arch-shaped path transverse to said axis and to hold the fitting in place when the fitting is not manipulated.

Abstract: An apparatus for Flash X-ray irradiation of material includes a Flash X-ray source comprised of an electron gun and an anode. The electron gun comprises a field emission cold cathode having an electron emitting surface, and a grid for controlling electron flow from the cathode to the anode. The anode has an electron-receiving main surface and an X-ray emitting, oppositely facing main surface. The X-ray emitting surface, emits X-radiation into an irradiation volume. The X-ray emitting surface of the anode has orthogonally oriented first and second dimensions of greater than 2 millimeters each. A high voltage pulse power supply powers the Flash X-ray source. The electron gun, anode and high voltage pulse power supply are so constructed as to create sufficient X-radiation in said irradiation volume to achieve a desired level of irradiation of material in said volume.

Abstract: A valve mechanism for musical instrument is inserted between a mouthpiece and a bell. The valve mechanism includes: a main tube through which the mouthpiece and the bell directly communicate with each other; a bypass tube which takes a bypass route from the middle of the main tube and, when the changeover valve is operated, causes indirect communication of the main tube which is in direct communication before the operation of the changeover valve; a group of main valves; and a group of sub valves. Setting of the bypass tube to a length that allows for a note one octave lower than a note produced only by the main tube, which is producible when the main tube indirectly communicates via the bypass tube. As a result, a degree of freedom and reliability of musical performance are improved in a wide register with almost no change in weight, among many advantages.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cascade voltage amplifier for producing an amplified output in pulse or continuous wave form comprises at least one non-final stage with an electron tube configured as a switching and Class A or C amplifying structure. A final stage comprises an electron tube configured as a Class A or C amplifying structure. The at least one non-final stage and the final stage are connected in series, and the amplified output has a voltage of at least 1000 volts. Further disclosed is a method of activating a plurality of cascaded electron tube stages within a common vacuum enclosure. Beneficially, a sufficient amount of energy supplied to the first stage serially propagates through any intervening stage to the final stage so as to facilitate activation of all tube stages.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high voltage inverter for converting DC power to AC power with one or more AC output phases. The inverter has for each AC output phase an AC input phase circuit comprising first and second cold cathode field emission controllable electron tubes of triode, tetrode or pentode structure. Each electron tube has a first input node for connection to a high voltage DC potential in excess of 20 KV and a second input node for connection to ground. First electron tube is serially connected between a first end of a primary winding and ground, and second electron tube is serially connected between a second end of the primary winding and ground. Control circuitry controls the electron tubes so that the first and second electron tubes alternatively conduct so as to alternately bring the first and then second end of the primary winding approximately to the potential of ground.

Abstract: Reflector (1) for light concentration and direction in fluorescent lamps with parabolic shape made of thin synthetic film with reflective surface and vertically positioned louvres (4) made of thin flexible and synthetic film through which the reflector (1) is fitted on the fluorescent lamps (3). In the centre of the louvres (4) there is an especially shaped opening (6) which adjusts to the diameter of the lamp (3), so that the lamp (3) can pass through the openings (6) of the louvres (4), retain the reflector (1) on the fluorescent lamp (3) and rotate some degrees in relation to the lamp (3) in order to concentrate the light towards the desired direction.

Abstract: An electrical junction box cover system includes a waterproof dome-like covering lid allowing the system to be installed near water. The system also includes a manual power switch with a manual actuator installed on the outside of the covering lid and accessible to the user. The switch actuator has three positions, wherein the actuator in the first position turns an external load circuit on, in the second position it turns the external circuit off, and in the third position it enables the remotely controlled operation of the external circuit. A remote control receiver with an electronic control module and an electric power switch are included in the system as an assembly in order to allow a remotely controlled operation of the system.

Abstract: A luminaire with improved lateral illuminance control comprising a light pipe with a longitudinal center is disclosed. A light-extraction means applied to a radial swath of the light pipe has a longitudinal portion having dimension along its length, centered about a slice on the light pipe longitudinally; said slice being orthogonal to the longitudinal center and located in a propagation plane through which light propagates to a virtual target area intersecting the propagation plane. The light pipe intervenes between the radial swath and the target area. A first average efficiency point of the light-extraction means corresponds to the minimum distance to the target area being at least approximately 20% less than a respective, second average efficiency point corresponding to a respective maximum distance to such area. The light-extraction means efficiency varies from the first average efficiency point to the second average efficiency point though more than one non-zero value.