Abstract: In the production of a wall coated open tubular capillary chromatographic column, improved deactivation of the inner surface of a glass or fused silica capillary tube prior to coating with stationary phase is obtained by a multi-step process whereby siloxane polymer molecules are chemically bonded to the capillary inner surface. The process comprises multiple cycles of successive reactions with silicon tetrachloride and a diorganodichlorosilane vapor with intermediate hydrolyses and a final capping reaction with a triorganochlorosilane. The deactivated surface is adapted to coating with an apolar liquid stationary phase.

Abstract: A tertiary amine/persulfate breaker system is disclosed which effects complete breaks of polysaccharide based water-gels or fluids in the ambient temperature range. Induction time may be controlled over wide permissible limits. The invention claims improved compositions and methods, particularly advantageously applied to the treatment and stimulation of shallow oil and gas wells (formation temperatures from about 50.degree. to 125.degree. F.).

Abstract: Improved packings for columns useful in gas chromatography are made by a multistep process whereby polysiloxane molecules having various organic substituents are chemically bonded to the surface of a siliceous support. The process comprises one or more cycles of successive reactions with an activated support surface of silicon tetrachloride, an organic dichlorosilane, silicon tetrachloride a second time, a polysiloxane polyol, with intermediate hydrolyses where appropriate to provide reactive terminal silanol groups and a final capping reaction with an organic monochlorosilane. The packing as so prepared is further improved by coating with a conventional stationary phase.

Abstract: A method for the determination of sulfur by which sulfur is reduced to volatile hydrogen sulfide gas and swept into a D.C. plasma where it is detected by vacuum ultraviolet atomic emission spectrometry at 180.7 nm. The method makes possible the determination of trace levels of sulfur in samples where the matrix would normally result in spectral and/or chemical interferences.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions are provided for treating image-bearing lithographic plates.

Abstract: A nonadiabatic calorimetric technique useful broadly for quantifying the reaction kinetics of thermally unstable solids is based on the distinguishing mode of establishing, under near steady state conditions, a thermal gradient across a reaction sample contained between monitored hot and cold surfaces, stepwise or rampwise increasing the temperature of the hot surface, and quantifying the maximum temperature that is withstood by the sample at the inception condition of a thermal runaway reaction. The critical hot surface temperature recorded by the experiment is a function of the cold surface condition, i.e., the applied thermal gradient. At least two critical hot surface temperatures, which are required for calculations, are generated by repeating the experiment under differing cold surface conditions. Solution of the steady-state differential equation describing the system, utilizing the experimental data, yields the general kinetics of the decomposition reaction of the tested solid.

Abstract: In the automated, batch preparation of diluted samples, i.e., the preparation of sample/diluent aliquots of repetitively and exactly maintained fixed ratio, metered diluent is pneumatically introduced into a vented mixing chamber, using the principle of gas pressure drop in the dynamic or flowing condition to deposit and entrap the diluent in the chamber. The diluent is thus suspended on the head of a moving gas column that continues to pass through the diluent, producing bubbling agitation. Following the introduction of metered sample by a preferred technique, pressure is equilibrated, producing a momentary quiet condition, and is then reversed, compressing the column of supporting gas underneath the aliquot, and displacing the aliquot into a remote injection loop, and ultimately onto an analytical instrument for testing. The technique permits direct, successful immersion, as an illustrative example, of 2,4-dichlorophenol sample, process stream temperature 180.degree. C.

Abstract: A method is provided for uniformly coating a stationary liquid phase on glass beads, which are then suitable for use as chromatographic column packing, which comprises first contacting the beads with a first solution containing a suitable surfactant in an amount effective to promote the uniform deposition on the beads of the desired liquid phase, said surfactant being selected from the group consisting of (a) a nonionic surfactant, (b) an alkylaryl polyethylene ether phosphate, of the formula ##STR1## and (c) a mixture of nonionic surfactants, and then contacting the beads with a second solution containing a stationary liquid phase, the concentration of said stationary liquid phase in said second solution, the nature of the solvent in said second solution, and the conditions of said second contacting step being selected so that a coating of said statonary liquid phase of from about 0.05 to about 0.5 percent is imparted to said beads.

Abstract: A plastic bottle is formed with a relatively slim, handle-like extension, which is pivotally and flexibly joined to the bottle, and that serves as an actuator for a spray pump or pump dispenser mounted on the bottle. The actuator is positioned from the bottle a distance such that the bottle forms a back hand rest, with the fingers extended to grip the actuator, and thus permit powerful stroking of the pump dispenser.

Abstract: Precipitation at relatively high pH levels, e.g. above about 4 or more, in an acidic water/alcohol type fountain composition containing polyvalent metal cations and, as an active polymer component for rendering the non-image areas of a lithographic plate hydrophilic, a polyacrylamide-based polymer having a weight average molecular weight (M.sub.w) of from about 5,000 to about 1,000,000 and having from about 3 to about 70 percent of the carbonyl sites as carboxyl groups, or a blend of polyacrylamide and polyacrylic acid, or the like, is controlled by providing in the fountain composition an effective amount of an organic chelating agent for polyvalent metal cations which is substantially inert with respect to the active polymer component. The suitable chelating agents are further characterized in that at 25.degree. C, each (A) has a 1:1 stability constant with zinc of at least about 10.sup.7.5 ; (B) has a solubility of at least about 0.

Abstract: Side gusseted industrial bags are continuously (or intermittently) formed from continuous web materials, and simultaneously filled and sealed in one fast operation by the method and apparatus of this invention.

Abstract: A composite web comprised of free standing (non-blocked) plies is prepared with precisely even linear amounts of each ply, based on the principle of using a carrier ply of preferably heavy gauge plastic film. The carrier ply under controlled tension, is trained about the surface of revolution of a supply roll of a reinforcing scrim material. As the carrier ply is advanced, an exactly matched linear amount of scrim is deposited on one surface of the carrier ply, irrespective of the mismatched elongation properties of the scrim and carrier plies, respectively, and with minimal or no neck-down of the scrim. A liner ply of plastic film can be applied to the opposite side of the scrim using the same principles. The resulting web is ideally suited to be converted into filled, scrim reinforced, plastic bag structures.

Abstract: A blown film process wherein: the temperature of the film is continually monitored in a select control or target area that is remote from the film frost line; a control of "target temperature" is determined based empirically or otherwise on a given set of companion operating conditions; and a variable film cooling source or supply is regulated to establish the control temperature as an essentially constant or non-variable operating condition. The process is characterized by an essentially stable frost line position and to the extent movement of the frost line can be optically or otherwise observed or sensed, and an appropriate signal derived therefrom, the process can be alternately practiced based on monitoring the position of the frost line, defining a control or "target" frost line position, and regulating a film cooling source responsive to deviances or movement from the control position.

Abstract: Side gusseted industrial bags are continuously (or intermittently) formed from continuous web materials, and simultaneously filled and sealed in one fast operation by the method and apparatus of this invention.

Abstract: Side gusseted industrial bags are continuously (or intermittently) formed from continuous web materials, and simultaneously filled and sealed in one fast operation by the method and apparatus of this invention.

Abstract: An apparatus and method based on X-ray transmission is disclosed for determining the thickness, or equivalently, the weight per unit area, of a substance containing atoms of a non-radioactive element of atomic number of 11 or greater applied to a fabric, such as a calcium- and/or aluminum-containing latex coating on a carpet. The apparatus employs a source of radiation which emits a single predominant X-ray within the range of 12-19 Kev, such as zirconium which fluoresces at 16 Kev when bombarded with 60 Kev radiation from americium-241; a detector sensitive to the radiation emitted and having resolution at least as sharp as about 20 percent, such as a Kr/CO.sub.2 proportional counter; and a suitable electronic circuit to convert the charge pulse output of the detector to a readout signal related to the amount of the substance on the fabric.

Abstract: Side gusseted industrial bags are continuously (or intermittently) formed from continuous web materials, and simultaneously filled and sealed in one fast operation by the method and apparatus of this invention.

Abstract: Apparatus for regulating the flow of refurbishing gas or air internally to tubular film produced by the blown film process, comprising a pair of opposed arm means or arms adapted to physically contact and sense growth or diminishment in the size of the film, as determined by the spacing between the arms, the arms being independently pivotable preferably about a common axis, or alternately parallel axis closely spaced to approximate a common arc of movement, a gas flow regulating valve comprising a pressurized gas line carried by one arm, at which vicinity it is interrupted to define a gap across which the gas stream flows prior to entering the film, a flow blockage valving means comprising preferably a valve plate fixed to the opposite arm, and having changing position in said gap responsive to relative movement between the arms, the valve plate defining an opening of tapered or variable width, which depending on alignment, partially hindered alignment, or non-alignment with the gas stream, increases or lesse

Abstract: Moving tubing, such as of plastic film, is continuously gusseted in the longitudinal direction, by pulling apart opposed side sections of the tubing, at a local station by application of vacuum force selectively to the surface of the tube, leaving one or more section(s) of the tubing free of such vacuum force, and continuously inwardly tucking such free section(s) by means of gusset blade(s) or the like, or alternately by means of atmospheric force pressing inwardly on said free section(s). In species embodiments of the invention, the vacuum suction is applied by means of opposed perforate belts or rolls through which the vacuum is pulled, and which are operated at essentially the same rate of speed as the forward movement of the tubing.

Abstract: An improved foldably erected dispensing carton particularly for household wrapping materials such as polymeric film, wax paper, metal foil, and the like, wherein the carton embodies a double ply panel having a pressure sensitive adhesive layer interposed between and securing such plies. An aperture is die-cut or otherwise formed in the outer ply to expose a select area of the adhesive, and thereby present a recessed tack spot to which the leading end of the roll can be lightly adhered, and thus prevented from withdrawing into the carton. The double ply panel structure also makes available a folded edge about which the roll material can be dispensed with minimum chance of snagging or binding due to the smooth quality of such edge.