Abstract: The modular conduit unit formed from at least four conduits secured together in spaced relationship by means of a plurality of spaced star-shaped spacer elements. The star-shaped spacer elements are each formed with four equally spaced hollow projections that terminate in end walls and have curved side walls. The curved side walls of adjacent projections merge to form outer walls of the element that are in the form of cylindrical segments. An integral reinforcing member interconnects said outer walls at points spaced from said end walls and a line of weakness is found in each of said end walls and extends substantially longitudinally of the cylindrical segments. The line of weakness facilitates breaking of the star-shaped member for replacement of a conduit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic sheet material suitable for use as an offset printing master, comprising: a fibrous substrate, a continuous film of cellulose nitrate thereon and a layer of photo conductive material on said film.

Abstract: A turbulent transport contactor is formed by a contacting zone or section with means to introduce lightweight elements and gas at high velocity adjacent one end. Liquid is also introduced to the zone. The high velocity gas entrains the liquid and the lightweight elements and transports them through the contact zone. Means are provided to de-entrain the lightweight elements and a significant portion of said liquid at the end of the contact zone remote from said one end and to return the lightweight elements to said one end for re-introduction into the zone.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing a cleaned stock issuing directly from a hydrocyclone cleaning system at a consistency of at least 1%, comprising injecting pulp to said hydrocyclone means at a consistency of at least 1%, said hydrocyclone having a tangential inlet for stock, a base outlet for an accepted fraction an apex outlet for a rejected fraction, and at least one dilution water tangential inlet adjacent to said apex outlet for dilution water, adding dilution water to said cyclone means through said dilution water inlet adjacent the apex outlet, rejecting a reject fraction through said apex oulet, and ejecting an accept fraction through said base outlet at a consistency substantially equal to said feed consistency.

Abstract: A debris separating chipper having a rotor with a cutting face and at least one knife mounted on the cutting face, a housing enclosing said rotor, a debris chamber in said housing having one wall thereof formed by said cutting face, a slot through said cutting face into a space, means for feeding logs to said cutting face, means for directing chips cut by said knife into said space, means for ejecting air out from said slot into said debris chamber, a debris outlet from said chipper for ejecting debris from said debris chamber and a separate chip outlet from said chipper adapted to communicate with said space for ejection of chips from said chipper. The air flow may be in some curves directed as a curtain across the slot to effect a further separation by deflecting lighter materials out of their normal trajectory into a dust chamber that empties into the debris chamber.

Abstract: A mobile flax decorticator wherein the flax is collected in the field by passing the decorticator through the field and picking up the flax from swaths and the like, the flax straw is then decorticated by passing first through a shredder and then a decorticator, the decorticated flax is directed into a pneumatic cyclone wherein the bast fibres are separated from the dross with the bast fibres exiting through the apex outlet of the cyclone and entering into a suitable packaging equipment such as a baler.

Abstract: A method of making ferro-lime wherein fine iron containing particles are injected onto the surface of the lime in a kiln, between the discharge end of the kiln and the flame and while the lime is at a high temperature to react instantaneously with the iron in the fines thereby to produce ferro-lime. Also disclosed is a method of recovering the fines from ferro-lime production wherein ferro lime fines are injected into the kiln onto the surface of the lime between the discharge end of the kiln and the flame and while the lime is approximately at said temperature, thereby to agglomerate the fines onto the lime or ferro-lime product.

Abstract: High-yield pulp suitable for the production of corrugating medium is produced by cooking hardwood chips at a temperature 180.degree.-192.degree. with sodium carbonate solutions of a concentration 65 to 120 g/l as Na.sub.2 O, at a liquor to wood ratio of 1.2-2.5, and mechanically refining the cooked chips in a primary refining stage to a C. S. Freeness less than 480, and then refining the pulp in a secondary refining stage.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the treatment of wood material impregnated with an aqueous ammoniacal solution of water-insoluble treating chemical and having deposits of treating chemical on its surface. The process comprises submerging the impregnated wood material in the ammoniacal solution, separating the wood material from the solution and maintaining it in a moist, ammoniacal atmosphere until the wood surface is substantially free of liquid. In another aspect, this invention relates to a process for producing wood material treated with the ammoniacal solution, where the product has a clean surface.

Abstract: An impact absorbing carton is formed with a bottom wall that is formed from the single rectangular bottom panel that is weakened and a rim is provided between the weakened area and the edges of the panel preferably with fold lines extending substantially diagonally between each of the corners of the bottom panel across the rim to the adjacent edges of the weakened area so that if the box is dropped the bottom of the panel will give and absorb the impact.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fabric conditioning compositions containing quaternary ammonium compounds and fatty alcohols or phosphoric acid esters thereof, in admixture with a diluent, where the compositions are pumpable at room temperature and are easily dispersed in water.

Abstract: The degree of graininess or grainy edges of a traveling web may be discriminated utilizing the present invention which relates to a method and apparatus for generating a topographic signal by sensing scattered light from instantaneously illuminated areas of less than 1 mm in diameter on the surface of the web, processing at least a significant amount of said signal representative of topographic features of the web of selected lengths in the direction of travel of said web of at least 1.5 mm to determine the amount of such features of said selected length, said selected lengths contributing significantly to the graininess of the web, and thereby providing an indication of the graininess of said web.

Abstract: A process for treating aqueous industrial or municipal effluent is described, wherein the effluent is treated with lime to a pH of at least 11.0 allowed to settle and the supernatant liquid treated with chlorine at the high pH. A substantially complete kill of micro-organisms, particularly coliforms, is thereby achieved. The liquid, after adjustment to suitable pH, may be returned to natural water streams.

Abstract: A mixture of wood chips and impregnation liquor is continuously passed through an impregnation zone, the mixture is agitated throughout said impregnation zone to maintain the consistency of the mixture constant and the residence time of the chips uniform throughout said impregnation zone, the mixture is withdrawn from said impregnation zone, excess liquor is removed from the chips and said chips are then digested in a cooking zone.

Abstract: A linear corrugator formed by at least two rows of discrete presses each of which is formed by mating pairs of press rolls having circumferentially extending mating ridges and grooves adapted to corrugate and consolidate dry formed web, is herein disclosed. The presses of one of said rows are staggered relative to the presses in the other of said rows, the maximum axial length of the nip of each of said presses must be between 5 and 36 inches.A method of consolidating a dry formed web by independently consolidating discrete laterally spaced areas of a dry formed web of at least 40" width, each of said discrete areas having a width of over about 5" but never exceeding 36", thereby to consolidate substantially the full width of said web.

Abstract: A whole tree chipper composed of a housing encasing a rotor formed by a pair of substantially identical axially aligned frustro-conical hollow discs having their minimum diameter ends connected together and provided with at least one knife on each disc is disclosed. A slot extends through each disc adjacent each knife, for directing chips cut by the knife through the disc into a chip chamber located at the adjacent axial end of the housing. The rotor is rotated about the said axially aligned axes of the pair of discs and wood in the form of whole tree sections, is advanced longitudinally through an inlet spout which extends through the peripheral wall of the housing toward the conical faces of the discs forming the rotor. A debris chamber extends circumferentially of the rotor in said housing between the inlet spout and a debris outlet.

Abstract: A chipper infeed spout incorporating two surfaces disposed to form a V-shape having one side formed by a pair of support means (an anvil member and preferably a roll). A driven power roll is moveable across the direction of travel of the log along said spout and tends to align the log and force it against the pair of support means whereby the log forms a beam freely supported (by the support means) and having a concentrated load (power roll) interposed between the supports. Preferably the power roll is oriented to apply forces to a log not only to tend force it against the two spaced supporting means but also to force it toward the apex of the V of the V-shaped supporting surfaces.

Abstract: A process for the removal of mercury from aqueous media containing mercury and undissolved solids comprises, adding hypochlorite to the aqueous medium, reducing the ionic mercury to elemental mercury, aerating the aqueous medium with a gas to entrain the mercury and separating the mercury from the entraining gas.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a chipper wherein the housing is divided by a chipper disc into a front chamber and a chip chamber and wherein separate outlets are provided from the front chamber and from the chip chamber respectively for twigs and the like (debris) and for chips whereby separation of debris from the chips is obtained in the chipper.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel means of manufacture of gypsum board. The improvement herein comprises the use of sodium and/or ammonium salts of ethoxylated, sulfated alcohols as foaming agents, said alcohols being a mixture of primary, linear alcohols having an average chain length of 9 carbon atoms.