Abstract: A multi-operation control system is made up of a plurality of slave computers at least some of which are axis computers each monitoring its respective operation and receiving instructions broken down into plurality of discreet actions. The current state S.sub.c,N of each slave is determined and is compared with preset absolute maximum status for that slave S.sub.ab,N(max) and the maximum acceptable change in status .delta.S.sub.a,N(max) of each respective slave is determined and the corresponding appropriate state signal based on the maximum acceptable change to that slave is sent to all of the slaves in the system. Each axis slave then reads all state signals and determines the highest state signal acceptable to all slaves and each axis slave then carries out its correspond increment(s) of change in status .delta. S.sub.N based on the highest S.sub.a,N(max) acceptable to all slaves.

Abstract: First pass filler retention is obtained by adding a cationic fixative into a filler containing pulp slurry which is also treated using the conventional polyethylene oxide/promoter retention system and as a result a significant increase in the first pass retention of filler is attained.

Abstract: An electrode structure is composed of a gas passage containing a cathode ending in a cathode tip adjacent one end of the passage and has an anode electrode adjacent to the other end of the passage. A restriction is formed within the passage between the cathode and anode electrode to restrict the cross sectional area of the passage an accelerate the flow of gas from the cathode toward the anode and thereby increase the arc length and permit a reduced amperage to voltage (A/V) ratio for a given power input to the structure.

Abstract: A force feedback velocity control measures the forces adjacent the end point of an arm being controlled and adjusts the stiffness of a manual controller in any one direction by scaling the end point force in the corresponding direction and adjusting the scaled force based on the degree of displacement of the manual controller away from a datum or zero velocity position in the one direction. A suitable deadband zone is provided surrounding the datum position.

Abstract: A process for bleaching pulp by impregnating the pulp with an aqueous organic solvent medium and then bleaching in an ozone stage (Z stage) to form a bleached pulp characterized in that organic solvent in the organic solvent medium accompanying the pulp through the ozone stage is neutralized and stripped from the bleached pulp leaving the ozone stage and the separated organic solvent is recovered for reuse.

Abstract: A printing system having a plurality of printing stations in series is provided with a web width sensor system that detects the change in width of a paper web by monitoring the position of both edges of the sheet after it leaves a printing station to determine the change in position of each side edge and thereby the change in width of the web.

Abstract: A pulp furnish containing predominantly wood-containing fibers (mechanical) and natural calcium carbonate as a filler is formed into a paper in a paper forming section of a paper machine at a neutral pH in the range of 6.7 to 7.5. Bentonite plus a suitable polymer such as a polyacrylamide produces a pulp stock that has exceptionally high drainage characteristics particularly when used with chalk as the filler. The pH of the stock in the headbox is maintained at the desired level of pH 6.7-7.3 by monitoring the pH in the headbox and adjusting the flow of pH reducing and buffering agent, preferably phosphoric acid, into the pulp prior to the headbox to obtain the desired pH in the stock.

Abstract: An improved duplex linerboard is formed from old corrugated containers (OCC) by first repulping the OCC and screening it to provide a fine fraction and a coarse fraction. NaHSO.sub.3 or H.sub.2 O.sub.2 is applied to the fine fraction and the fine fraction produce a chemically treated fine fraction which is then refined. Coarse fraction is separately refined and the refined coarse fraction pulp is then used to form the bottom ply of a multi-ply board and the refined fine fraction pulp used to form the top ply of the multiply board.

Abstract: The load on a refiner motor is controlled by adjusting the motor load setpoint by monitoring load applied by the refiner and the plate gap between the refiner plates to define the curve of the load versus plate gap relationship. This slope of load versus plate gap relationship is estimated and when the sign of the slope of the curve changes sign indicating operation in an unstable zone of pad collapse and based on the tendency for the refiner to be in the unstable operation zone over a selected period of time exceeding a preset limit adjusting the setpoint lower to approach more closely the maximum load applied over the selected time.

Abstract: An orienter is formed by a plurality of decks including a upper deck, a bottom deck and at least one intermediate deck stacked one above the other, substantially vertically extending passages are defined in each of the decks, the width of the passages of the bottom deck is preselected to a width Y.sub.B sufficiently small to ensure the orientation of the strands to the desired mean orientation and relative to a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction in which the width have passages measured. The width of the passages above the lower deck are made progressively larger in accordance with the following formula: 2.sup.n-1 Y.sub.B where n is the number of decks above the mat and Y.sub.B is the width of the passages through the bottom deck. The side passages in all the decks are substantially aligned vertically, with both the passages in the top deck bisected in two equal passages in the deck immediately therebelow.

Abstract: A pumpable slurry for recovering fuel value from lignin by mixing the lignin with water, fuel oil and a dispersing agent to form a stable thixotropic or near Newtonian portable slurry by coordinating the amounts of lignin, water and fuel oil to produce a substantially slurry suitable for use as a liquid fuel having a viscosity after stirring of 100 to 1,000 mPa.s.

Abstract: Lubricant is applied to the rolls of the size press to lubricate the rolls prior to moving the coating heads into their coating position by substantially simultaneously applying a lubricating film to each of the rolls of the size press in stripes symmetrically positioned relative to the center line of the web passing through the size press to in stages symmetrically relative to the axis of the web substantially equally increase the surface area of the roll to which the lubricating film is applied until the full surface corresponding to the full width of the web on each of the rolls is lubricated and then a metering rod type coating head apply coating to each of the size press rolls are simultaneously moved into coating position.

Abstract: An atmospheric air pressure inflatable garment has an inner layer and outer layer define a confined space with a compressible material therein. The compressible material has resiliency and strength characteristics so that it compresses under atmospheric conditions when the air pressure in the confined space is reduced to sub-atmospheric pressure and an air passage adapted to permit passage of air into and out of the confined space but not water when a seal for sealing the passage is released. The garment is stored with the air removed and permitting atmospheric air to fill the space when the seal is opened raise the pressure in the space to atmospheric and causes the compressible material to expand separating the inner and outer layers and forming an insulation therebetween.

Abstract: A torque sensing system is provided in a coupling connecting a drive and driven shaft by tension members that transmit torque from one shaft to the other through tension in the tension members at least one of which is provided with a sensor to sense the tensile stress in one of the members and to provide a signal indicating the tension (torque) applied through the tension members. If desired, an axially extending column element may be positioned between the two shafts to absorb axial thrust of between the shafts and a second sensor sensing the stress in the column may be used to determine thrust substantially independent of torque. The system may be used to detect off-axis loads.

Abstract: A flap folder is formed by a pair of parallel rails which define a carton package there between. Each of the rails mounts for relative reciprocal motion a control rod on each of which is mounted a flap folding lever positioned to cooperate with a cam on its adjacent rail to move the lever into a flap folding extended position and return it to a retracted position when the bar is moved relative to the rail. A side flap folding plough is mounted on each of the rail at the downstream end thereof and is formed with a cam surface that cooperates with a cam mounted on its adjacent bar. After the lever has folded the rear flap each plough is moved from a retracted position to an extended position by the movement of the bar relative to the rail. Similarly, a stop mechanism is mounted on the rail and is movable to an extended position stopping movement of a carton into the passage by movement of the bar from its starting position and to a retracted position when the bar return to its initial position.

Abstract: A boomstick is formed from an elongated hollow cylindrical body divided into plurality of compartments by axially spaced traversed partitions and enclosed at its end by sealing end caps. Preferably, an axially extending keel forming ballast will be provided to orient the boomstick and axially extending stabilizers will be symmetrically spaced on opposite sides of the body portions spaced from the ballast. The whole boomstick is coated with a polyethylene coating sufficiently thick to protect cylindrical body and to receive the caulks of workmen without damaging the body portion while providing a good retention between the caulks and the coating to better ensure the comfort and safety of the workmen.

Abstract: A closable container is formed by a bottom tray having upwardly and outwardly flaring side wall and a cooperating gable-shaped top closure having side wall with a rear side wall of the top foldably interconnected with a rear side wall of the bottom tray along the length thereof. Flaps extending from the top front and rear walls connect these walls to their respective adjacent top side walls to form the gabled shaped top closure and are provided with extensions each of which projects away from the top wall of the top closure a distance farther than the free edge of the top side wall to which it is connected. These projections extend beyond the top edge of their adjacent bottom side walls and help to ensure proper alignment of the top closure and bottom tray. The front walls of the bottom tray and of the gabled top are formed respectively with an undercut and a cooperating tongue adapted to interact to hold the gabled top in close position over the bottom tray.

Abstract: A vane typed orienter is formed by a plurality of spaced parallel shafts having radial extending axially spaced disks mounted thereon. Passages are formed between the disks and adjacent disks on adjacent shafts define sides of such passages. A vane element is provided to complete the wall formed by a pair of adjacent disks forming one wall of a passage and at least substantially fills the lower gap formed between the peripheries of the adjacent disks forming the one wall.

Abstract: The desired path for each axis is predefined and converted to a first series of coarse position increments at time intervals. The coarse position increments are converted to a second series of spaced, (in time), fine position increments and expected values of velocity v. The latter parameters requiring splining and interpolation of values. The actual position of each axis is measured and compared with that required (by the fine series of position increments) to determine the resulting error E which is then compared with a calculated allowable error, e.sub.allowable calculated as a function of the then current planned velocity value v i.e. the planned value of velocity v corresponding to the current fine position increment and a signal is triggered when the actual error E exceeds the allowable error e.sub.allowable to prevent processing of the next increment in the second series of increments.

Abstract: A log scanning system applies circumferentially spaced, traverse scans along the length of the log to provide a longitudinal density scan for each of the scans made. Each scan is made up of rows of density dependent pixels sensed by specific detector (scan line) and columns of density dependent pixels sensed by adjacent detectors arranged transversely of the log. The signals generated along each row to are filtered to produce a clean signal scan line and each clean scan line is processed to determine positive peaks. The positive peaks are plotted to form an image and adjacent peaks in adjacent rows and columns are joined to provide a spine image depicting spines of detected knots in each scan. Knot shapes are then defined by reprocessing each scan along the rows or scan lines to determine the knot boundaries on each side of each of the spine lines based on pixels displaying a selected minimum density and these shapes applied to the spine image to provide a reconstructed scan.