Abstract: A method to synthesize styrene from toluene by: (a) oxidizing toluene to form oxygenated toluene derivatives; (b) carbonylating said oxygenated products in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst and preferably a halogen promoter to produce phenylacetic acid; (c) hydrogenating said phenylacetic acid to synthesize phenylethyl alcohol; and (d) dehydrating said phenylethyl alcohol to obtain a high yield of styrene.

Abstract: Polyester fibers having excellent antistatic properties are produced by incorporating therein a novel antistatic agent synthesized by partially esterifying a dimetallic salt with a polyalkylene glycol.

Abstract: Methods for deodorizing lower alcohols such as ethanol and isopropyl alcohol and their oxy derivatives such as ethers and esters are disclosed, including contacting these compounds with a deodorizing contact mass comprising, on a support, metals and/or metal oxides, preferably of the metals of Group IB, VIB and VIII of the Periodic Table, where the metal oxides are at least partially reduced to metal and the deodorizing contact mass has a minimum particle dimension of greater than about 0.254 mm so as to be in a form suitable for use in a fixed bed contacting process. In a preferred embodiment, isopropyl alcohol is deodorized employing such deodorizing contact masses, preferably comprising Group VIII metals such as nickel, iron, cobalt and the like, on a support, so that the contact mass has a surface area less than about 1,500 m.sup.2 per gram.

Abstract: Polyester fibers having excellent antistatic properties are produced by incorporating therein a novel antistatic agent synthesized by partially esterifying a dimetallic salt with a polyalkylene glycol.

Abstract: A boot stretcher for selectively stretching all or different portions of a boot, comprising interconnected front and rear halves which comprise a main body that generally conforms to the overall shape of the upper or calf portion of the boot. The halves are movable in opposite directions for selectively stretching the boot and are interconnected by means of a linkage operably associated with a longitudinally threaded rod which can be manipulated by hand to move the halves between various closed and extended or spread apart positions for accomplishing the stretching operation.

Abstract: Novel bisphenol condensation derivatives including polyphosphorous, polyborate, polycarbonate and polysilicate products which are capped with various capping agents such as phenoxy or alkoxy compounds are effective stabilizers for a wide spectrum of hydrocarbon polymeric materials against their thermal oxidative and photochemical degradations.

Abstract: Cosmetic quality isooctyl neodecanoate is manufactured by contacting an alcohol mixture containing a major amount of isooctyl alcohol with neodecanoic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst and at a temperature of from about 160.degree. C. to about 230.degree. C. to yield a crude ester product; treating the crude ester product at a temperature of from about 50.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. with a basic material to reduce the sulfur level of said crude ester product to less than about 20 ppm; distilling the product thus recovered at a temperature in the range of about 150.degree. C. to about 185.degree. C. and at a pressure in the range of from about 1 to about 20 mm Hg; steam stripping the distilled product in the presence of an antioxidant to deodorize; and recovering a yield of cosmetic quality isooctyl neodecanoate. The purified ester product is useful in cosmetic formulations.

Abstract: The corrosion of ferrous metals by corrosive acids at elevated temperatures is inhibited by adding to environments containing the acids an effective amount of a novel .alpha., .OMEGA. (hereinafter "alpha", "omega", respectively) diacetylenic diol (e.g., with two acetylenic functionalities) having the structural formula: ##STR1## where R is an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic residue containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms and may include one or more functional groups such as halogen atoms, carbonyl, carboxyl, carbamyl, amino, formyl or nitroso radicals or other functional groups without impaired performance. The diacetylenic diols may be employed in combination with other corrosion inhibitors.

Abstract: Hydrochloric acid derivatives of cyclic nitrogen compounds in combination with polyalkoxylated fatty acids are water soluble, waterflood corrosion inhibitors, which because of their solubility avoid the potential clogging problems encountered with waterflood corrosion inhibitors of the art which are dispersions.

Abstract: Novel bisphenol condensation derivatives including polyphosphorous, polyborate, polycarbonate and polysilicate products which are capped with various capping agents such as phenoxy or alkoxy compounds are efffective stabilizers for a wide spectrum of hydrocarbon polymeric materials against their thermal oxidative and photochemical degradations.

Abstract: Bimetallic salts, having the generic formula MM'X.sub.n wherein M is a Group IB metal, M' is a Group IIIA metal, X is a halide and n is equal to the sum of the valences of M and M', are prepared by reacting the halogen salts of the individual metals, M and M', in a suitable solvent. The bimetallic salt formed thereby is a discrete monomeric species and can be utilized in the separation and recovery of various ligands, by preferential complexation. Complexation can be conducted with the bimetallic salt in the solid state, in solution, or as a slurry, and with the complexible ligand in the gaseous or liquid state. The ligand is recovered by decomplexation of the bimetallic salt-ligand complex or by displacement of the complexed ligand with another ligand.

Abstract: Novel bisphenol condensation derivatives including polyphosphorous, polyborate, polycarbonate and polysilicate products which are capped with various capping agents such as phenoxy or alkoxy compounds are effective stabilizers for a wide spectrum of hydrocarbon polymeric materials against their thermal oxidative and photochemical degradations.

Abstract: A new process for the manufacture of aldehydes by aldol condensation using a feed consisting of crude, high conversion, demetalled conventional oxo product is described. In another embodiment a new process for the manufacture of hexadecyl alcohol and related alcohols using the above-described feed is also set forth. The process is a uniphase aldol condensation process utilizing small quantities of basic catalyst and operating above certain minimum threshold temperatures. The process is operable with crude oxo feeds that contain as much as 40% by weight acetals. Process conditions are described which enable reversion of the acetals to aldehydes and alcohols thereby allowing concurrent condensation of reactive components with high selectivities to the product alcohols and aldehydes. The products of the process, such as hexadecyl alcohol, are well known and have many uses, such as in the formulation of cosmetic products.

Abstract: Dual desorbent composition and dual temperature techniques as improvements for simulated moving-bed adsorption-desorption separation processes whereby certain hydrocarbons can be separated from mixtures containing various unsaturated and/or saturated aliphatic and/or aromatic hydrocarbons. The dual desorbent composition technique is implemented by employing a strong desorbent stream in the desorption zone and a weaker desorbent stream in the rectification zone of a simulated moving-bed countercurrent adsorption-separation system; while the dual temperature concept envisions the temperature differentiation between the desorption zone and the remaining zones of said separation system in order to both minimize the desorbent requirement and enhance the purity of the separation products. A combined use of both the dual desorbent composition and the dual temperature techniques can further improve the performance of said simulated moving-bed system.

Abstract: Dual desorbent composition and/or dual temperature technique, when employed in a simulated moving-bed adsorption-desorption separation system embedded with a solid sorbent comprising certain sieves, e.g., Rb-exchanged Type X crystalline aluminosilicate sieve, which preferentially adsorb ethylbenzene, entails an improved separation and recovery of ethylbenzene from C.sub.8 aromatic feedstreams as sorbate product. Further, certain specific sieves, which preferentially adsorb xylene isomers, i.e., orthoxylene, metaxylene and paraxylene, may also be employed, in said simulated process utilizing the dual desorbent composition and/or the dual temperature concept, in order to effect the improved separation and recovery of ethylbenzene from its C.sub.8 aromatic isomers as raffinate product.

Abstract: Dual desorbent composition and dual temperature techniques are provided as improvements for a simulated moving bed adsorption-desorption separation process which help reduce total desorbent requirements. The invention describes a process for continuously separating, in a liquid phase, components of a C.sub.8 aromatic feed mixture by contacting said feed mixture with a solid sorbent and utilizing a simulated countercurrent flow system wherein a liquid stream flows through serially and circularly interconnected desorption, rectification and sorption zones. One of the embodiments envisioned in the present improved process is directed to the employment of two desorbent streams of different strengths. This embodiment minimizes total amount of desorbent requirements by using a strong desorbent stream in the desorption zone and a suitable weaker desorbent stream in the rectification zone to achieve the desired separation.

Abstract: Simulated moving bed processes for the separation of C.sub.8 aromatic isomers using molecular sieve adsorbents are improved by the use of meta-diisopropylbenzene as the eluting agent. The invention describes a process for continuously separating, in a liquid phase, components of the feed mixture by contacting said feed mixture with a solid sorbent and utilizing a simulated countercurrent flow system wherein a liquid stream flows through serially and circularly interconnected desorption, rectification and sorption zones.

Abstract: Metal corrosion inhibiting compositions of outstanding utility are prepared by utilizing a selective and critical multicomponent formulation comprising in combination functionally operative proportions ofA specific quaternized cyclic nitrogen baseA specific acetylenic alcoholA surface active agentA formic acid derivative.The above formulation can be substantially improved by adding certain functionally operative additional surfactants. The choice of these surfactants is unobvious and it has been found that only a few critically selective species are operable for the purposes of the invention.