Abstract: Powdered and liquid fluid loss additives are disclosed for use in cementing wellbores, particularly oil and gas wellbores. Excellent fluid loss control is achieved over a wide range of conditions using various cements systems. The invention utilizes polyvinyl acetate polymers as a fluid loss additive. The polyvinyl acetate polymer is used in conjunction with a dispersing sulfonated polymer and surfactant. This highly effective combination is then adjusted to individual well conditions with chelating agent, cross-linking agent, biocides, antifoams, or combinations of these. The dispersants are novel dispersing agent polymers such as melamine sulfonate polymer, vinyl sulfonate polymer and styrene sulfonate polymer and mixtures of these. These dispersant materials are usually prepared at low pH and can be used in the acid form, or neutralized to form salts of the polymers, wherein the salt can be a Group I or Group II metal salt, or ammonium salts (common salts).

Abstract: In a delayed coking process the temperature of the liquid in the coke drum is increased by the addition of a heated non-coking hydrocarbon diluent. The heated non-coking diluent can be added to either a delayed coker furnace effluent prior to entering the coke drum, directly into the coke drum, or both. The resulting increase in coke drum temperature results in increased liquid yields and a decrease in coke yields.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon soluble drag reducing suspension is described as well as a process for obtaining the same. Process is directed toward producing a drag reducing product which is easily transportable, non-hazardous, easily handled and while providing a significant increase in drag reduction capability over existing commercial products. The suspension is preferably substantially solvent-free.

Abstract: Terpolymers of polyolefin/acrylic acid or substituted acrylic acid/acrylonitrile are prepared by combining a polyolefin/acrylic acid or substituted acrylic acid copolymer with at least one dinitrile to form a mixture and reacting the mixture at a temperature of at least 200.degree. C. for a time sufficient to form the terpolymer. Copolymers of polyolefin/acrylonitrile are obtained when the reaction is carried to completion. The total reaction masses obtained comprising terpolymer or copolymer, cyclic imide, solvent, when used, and any unreacted dinitrile find use as pour point depressants in heavy hydrocarbon oils.

Abstract: Terpolymers of polyolefin/acrylic acid or substituted acrylic acid/acrylonitrile are prepared by combining a polyolefin/acrylic acid or substituted acrylic acid copolymer with at least one dinitrile to form a mixture and reacting the mixture at a temperature of at least 200.degree. C. for a time sufficient to form the terpolymer. Copolymers of polyolefin/acrylonitrile are obtained when the reaction is carried to completion. The total reaction masses obtained comprising terpolymer or copolymer, cyclic imide, solvent, when used and any unreacted dinitrile find use as pour point depressants in heavy hydrocarbon oils.

Abstract: Fluid flow friction loss of a hydrocarbon liquid is improved by adding a small amount of a copolymer of divinylbenzene and a linear alpha-olefin or a copolymer of vinyl siloxane and a linear alpha-olefin to the liquid hydrocarbon. A preferred catalyst for producing these materials is also described.

Abstract: Stable nonagglomerating suspensions of oil soluble polymeric friction reducers are prepared by combining free-flowing solid particles of such friction reducers with a suspension stabilizing amount of a water soluble thickening agent in water or in a mixture of water and alcohol.

Abstract: Aqueous alkanolamine solution containing alkali metal salts of anions which form heat stable salts with such alkanolamine is reactivated by contacting the solution sequentially with a basic anion exchange resin to remove such anions and an acidic cation ion exchange resin to remove alkali metal ions.

Abstract: The coarse-grain CTE of premium coke is reduced by increasing the nominal velocity of the volatile coking by-products in the coking drum to a higher level than the preexisting nominal velocity.

Abstract: A catalyst and method is provided for the production of ultra-high molecular weight polymers characterized as having an inherent viscosity of above 12.0 by contacting ethylenically unsaturated monomers with a dual electron donor catalyst under polymerization conditions.

Abstract: Premium coke having a low coefficient of thermal expansion and containing reduced fluff coke is obtained by subjecting an aromatic mineral oil to reduced temperature delayed coking, thereafter converting uncoked oil in the coke drum to coke under delayed coking conditions by continuing coking in the presence of a aromatic mineral oil capable forming coke admixed with a non-coking material circulated through the coke drum as a heating fluid. After termination of the heating fluid, the coke in the coke drum is subjected to a heat soak in the presence of a non-coking material at an elevated temperature preferably above the delayed coking conditions.

Abstract: The friction loss in a conduit flowing a mixture of water, oil and gas is reduced by injecting into the mixture a water soluble friction reducing polymer.

Abstract: Spent aqueous alkanolamine solution containing free alkanolamine, alkali metal salts of anions which form heat stable salts with such alkanolamine and heat stable alkanolamine salts is reactivated by contacting the solution with an acidic cation ion exchange resin to remove alkali metal cations and alkanolamine cations resulting from (1) protonation of free alkanolamine with hydrogen on the resin and (2) the alkanolamine salts, followed by eluting the resin with aqueous ammonia to preferentially displace alkanolamine from the resin and thereafter eluting the resin with a dilute mineral acid to displace the ammonia, metal cations and any remaining alkanolamine. The displaced alkanolamine is recovered for reuse. The aqueous ammonia may also be recovered for reuse.

Abstract: An improved process for producing an anisotropic pitch product suitable for carbon fiber manufacture. A carbonaceous feedstock is heated at elevated temperature while passing a reactive sparging gas through the feedstock. The sparging gas is an oxidative gas such as a gaseous mixture containing a major proportion of inert gas and from about 0.1 to 2% by volume of oxygen. The process produces an anisotropic pitch having from 50 to 100% by volume mesophase which is suitable for producing good quality carbon fibers.

Abstract: Aqueous alkanolamine solution containing alkali metal salts of anions which form heat stable salts with such alkanolamine is reactivated by contacting the solution sequentially with a basic anion exchange resin to remove such anions and an acidic cation ion exchange resin to remove alkali metal ions.

Abstract: Fluid flow friction loss of a hydrocarbon liquid is improved by adding a small amount of a copolymer of divinylbenzene and a linear alpha-olefin or a copolymer of vinyl siloxane and a linear alpha-olefin to the liquid hydrocarbon. A preferred catalyst for producing these materials is also described.

Abstract: A catalyst and method is provided for the production of ultra-high molecular weight polymers characterized as having an inherent viscosity of above 12.0 by contacting ethylenically unsaturated monomers with a dual electron donor catalyst under polymerization conditions.

Abstract: A low pour point crude oil composition is prepared by incorporating in a waxy crude oil an effective pour point depressant amount of an oil soluble ethylene-acryonitrile copolymer or terpolymer. The copolymer or terpolymer is usually added as a solution. In one aspect the invention relates to the pipeline transportation of the low pour crude oil composition.

Abstract: An in-situ biocide having improved characteristics comprises polyoxymethylene polymers having an inherent viscosity of at least 0.1 as measured in para-chlorophenol at 60.degree. C. Such polymers provide continuous release of formaldehyde biocide in hydrocarbon production, transportation, ans storage systems by long term decomposition of the polyoxymethylene. The polyoxymethylenes used are water-insoluble materials, wherein decomposition rate can be controlled through the use of pH, temperature, and certain decomposition catalysts.

Abstract: A system is provided for the separation of oil from oily water, particularly where the oily water is available only at relatively low pressures insufficient ot drive a hydrocyclone separator. Particular combinations of pumps and hydrocyclones can be effective in these low pressure situations where the pressure boost required is not substantially greater than a differential pressure at which the pump begins to substantially degrade the volumetric mean size of droplets of oil in the oily water passing therethrough. This is achieved by operating the pump at relatively near its maximum flow rate capacity to substantially reduce on a percentage basis the effect of fluid slippage within the pump. Improved techniques for analysis of oil droplet size distribution are also disclosed.