Abstract: An apparatus for separating solids and vapors from a suspension of the two materials is disclosed. The solids are directed through a conoid element to enhance directional flow and to prevent return of solids to the separation apparatus.

Abstract: A radial ammonia converter system including first and second heat interchangers and first, second and third catalyst beds. The synthesis gas is heated in said first and second interchangers by catalyst bed effluent prior to full flow through each of the catalyst beds. In one embodiment, two of the catalyst beds are mounted with the first and second interchangers in one vessel; and in another embodiment, the first interchanger and second catalyst bed are mounted in one vessel and the second interchanger and first catalyst bed are mounted in a separate vessel. In both embodiments, the radial ammonia converter system is completed by a third catalyst bed in a separate vessel.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are described for the vaporization of liquid fuel oils to produce a gaseous mixture suitable for burning in a burner normally designed for operation utilizing natural gas.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved synthesis process and system for the production of ammonia. More specifically, the present invention involves the use of a split axial flow converter in the low pressure synthesis of ammonia.

Abstract: An improved process for the synthesis of ammonia utilizing three catalyst beds wherein the temperature of the synthesis feed gas and the effluent of at least one of the catalyst beds is controlled without the addition of quench gas.

Abstract: A radial ammonia converter system including first and second heat interchangers and first, second and third catalyst beds. The synthesis gas is heated in said first and second interchangers by catalyst bed effluent prior to full flow through each of the catalyst beds. In one embodiment, two of the catalyst beds are mounted with the first and second interchangers in one vessel; and in another embodiment, the first interchanger and second catalyst bed are mounted in one vessel and the second interchanger and first catalyst bed are mounted in a separate vessel. In both embodiments, the radial ammonia converter system is completed by a third catalyst bed in a separate vessel.

Abstract: A pallet having a precast, prestressed concrete grillage superstructure including layers of elongate elements, each successively higher layer being transverse to the layer below it for heavy load bearing objects such as an industrial processing plant. The long elements are not only useful in providing the load-bearing points, but are useful in providing long channels between the elements which are useful as manways and for carrying pipe, conduits and the like that are associated with an industrial processing plant, the heavy load typically lifted and carried by such a pallet. The intersection points or junctions of the elements from layer to layer are load bearing points for distributing in radiating fashion the load placed on the top deck slab of the pallet. The pallet is suitable for transport by a submersible seaworthy vessel located beneath the pallet.

Abstract: A low energy process for the production of hydrogen-rich gas which involves the process sequence of primary reforming and secondary reforming includes parallel steam reformers for the primary reforming of the hydrocarbon feed, one portion of the hydrocarbon feed being heated using radiant heat, i.e., a steam reforming furnace, and another portion of the hydrocarbon feed being heated using indirect heat exchange with the effluent from the secondary reforming, i.e., an exchanger-reactor.

Abstract: An improved synthesis loop for the production of ammonia has a low pressure, i.e. less than 100 atmospheres, a water absorption recovery system which utilizes low level heat recovered from the process for producing the synthesis gas to distill the ammonia-water mixture and an ammonia absorption refrigeration system which utilizes the same distillation column for both the water absorption system and the refrigeration system.

Abstract: A catalyst regenerator is disclosed which incorporates a closed vessel having a centered stand pipe concentrically arranged within a spent catalyst distributor. The catalyst is carried upwardly by the distributor and is scattered evenly and concentrically about the distributor. The spent catalyst is deposited on or near the top of the dense phase catalyst bed. A symmetrically arranged, preferably triangular fresh air distributor system including a number of transverse branches having small nozzles mounted thereon forms a grid pattern below the lower portions of the catalyst bed in the regenerator. Air for burning of the coke on the spent catalyst is introduced evenly to minimize the size of the air bubbles in the dense bed. The catalyst in the lower portions of the bed has a minimum of coke remaining thereon. The oxygen of the air which is introduced in the lower portions of the bed is consumed by combustion of the reduced quantity of coke in the lower portions of the bed.

Abstract: An improved synthesis loop for the production of ammonia, has a low pressure, i.e., less than 100 atmospheres, a water absorption recovery system which utilizes low level heat recovered from the process for producing the synthesis gas to distill the ammonia-water mixture and an ammonia absorption refrigeration system which utilizes the same distillation column for both the water absorption system and the refrigeration system.

Abstract: An improved furnace design for carrying out the catalytic steam reforming of hydrocarbons, including an air delivery and burner system which extends across the top of the furnace. The air delivery system includes a plurality of air ducts each forming a plenum arch, with the arches being suspended between their respective ends as they span the top of the furnace. Burners, for providing heat to the radiant section of the furnace, are spaced within each of such arches and extend into the furnace. Further, the plenum arches provide a supporing structure for the insulation forming the top the radiant section of the furnace.

Abstract: An integrated process is described wherein a heavy oil catalytic cracking unit is integrated with a pretreating zone. In the pretreating zone, petroleum feedstock is contacted, in the presence of hydrogen, with used equilibrium catalyst purged from the cracking zone to reduce the metals, carbon residue, and sulfur content of the petroleum feedstock prior to charging the feedstock to the cracking zone of the heavy oil catalytic cracking unit.

Abstract: In the process of producing phenol from cumene, aqueous waste streams result which are contaminated with organic materials, particularly phenol, which are made innocuous to the environment only with substantial difficulty. A process is described to reduce the biological oxygen demand of these aqueous wastes, particularly the phenol content, by a liquid extraction step whereby a highly aromatic fraction of an organic waste stream in the phenol process is used as the solvent. The process includes provision for simultaneous preparation and recovery of the solvent as well as recovery of the phenol.

Abstract: A catalyst composition consisting of elemental nickel, nickel oxide or mixtures thereof on a zirconia carrier and promoted with elemental cobalt, a cobalt oxide or mixtures thereof in which the total content of nickel and cobalt, expressed as oxide, is desirably at least 1 weight percent of the total weight of the composition and the weight ratio of nickel to cobalt in the catalyst is preferably between 1:10 and 6:1. This invention also concerns the method of reforming hydrocarbons in the presence of said catalyst to selectively produce hydrogen, hydrogen containing products, such as Town's gas, or an oxide of carbon or mixtures thereof, while avoiding substantial carbon accumulation on the catalyst at relatively low steam to carbon ratios.

Abstract: Chlorine or bromine are produced from the respective hydrogen halide in a reaction system, wherein a stoichiometric excess of active nitrogen is maintained within the reaction system over the amount of hydrogen halide in the system. Preferably the reaction system is a single tower wherein sulfuric acid is introduced to the top of the tower where it absorbs the active nitrogen while conditions are so set that at the bottom of the tower the gases, introduced there, strip the active nitrogen away from the acid. It is a further characteristic of the process, that the nitrogen compounds stripped at the bottom, are mainly stripped as a mixture of nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide. A major portion of the nitrogen monoxide stripped, is oxidized with the oxygen, present in the gases fed in the bottom, to form nitrogen dioxide. If hydrogen halide is fed in the bottom, it will also strip nitrogen compounds, but mostly in the form of nitrosyl-halide.