Abstract: A pedal shoe particularly useful for use with bicycles lacking shoe pedal clips, comprising a relatively thick, high strength lower sole provided with a transverse cylindrical bore having such interior dimension as to accommodate the rotatable pedal shaft which is connected to the crank gear of the bicycle.

Abstract: Apparatus of high sensitivity and accuracy for detecting and measuring very low levels of chlorides, sulfates, phosphates and nitrates in high pressure, high temperature feedwater present in once-through and supercritical boilers, nuclear reactors and cogeneration systems. A sample of feedwater at 350.degree. F. and above is maintained near atmospheric boiling point in a vented chamber where volatile gases, mainly carbon dioxide, are removed by venting. The effluent from this chamber passes through a flow-type conductivity cell, is cooled to 20.degree.-40.degree. C. and flows upward through a hydrogen exchange resin bed at a flow rate of approximately 250 and 1,000 ml/min and higher. Subsequent reboiling of the condensate in a reboil chamber with the help of a small orifice valve through which a part of the hot feedwater sample passes provides constant temperature control of the condensate at or near atmospheric boiling and at a constant level prior to flow through another flow-type conductivity cell.

Abstract: Measurement is made of low levels of chloride, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate and other inorganic anions in a relatively low pressure condensate having a temperature preferably below 40.degree. C. The condensate is passed through a hydrogen exchange resin bed and the effluent from the resin bed is heated to atmospheric boiling temperature to eliminate gases such as carbon dioxide and ammonia. Heat to maintain a constant atmospheric boiling temperature is supplied by an electric heating element. A temperature sensor on the influent test water adjusts the voltage or current supplied to the electric heating element to maintain the constant atmospheric boiling temperature. A fail-safe device prevents electric heater failure on water flow stoppage. The conductivity of the heated water at or very close to atmospheric boiling point temperature is measured and is an indication of the contamination present in the relatively low pressure, low temperature test condensate.

Abstract: A reusable closure cap for sealing a vial, comprising a rigid tubular screw-type cover having as an integral part thereof a relatively soft highly elastic stopper bonded to the interior of the closed end of the tubular cover. The elastic rubber stopper has a centrally positioned hollow interior portion coaxially with and facing the open end of the vial to be sealed.